The auroral observation has been started at Jang Bogo Station (JBS), Antarctica by using a visible All-sky camera (v-ASC) in 2018 to routinely monitor the aurora in association with the simultaneous observations of the ionosphere, thermosphere and magnetosphere at the station. In this article, the auroral observations are introduced with the analysis procedure to recognize the aurora from the v-ASC image data and to compute the auroral occurrences and the initial results on their spatial and temporal distributions are presented. The auroral occurrences are mostly confined to the northern horizon in the evening sector and extend to the zenith from the northwest to cover almost the entire sky disk over JBS at around 08 MLT (magnetic local time; 03 LT) and then retract to the northeast in the morning sector. At near the magnetic local noon, the occurrences are horizontally distributed in the northern sky disk, which shows the auroral occurrences in the cusp region. The results of the auroral occurrences indicate that JBS is located most of the time in the polar cap near the poleward boundary of the auroral oval in the nightside and approaches closer to the oval in the morning sector. At around 08 MLT (03 LT), JBS is located within the auroral oval and then moves away from it, finally being located in the cusp region at the magnetic local noon, which indicates that the location of JBS turns out to be ideal to investigate the variabilities of the poleward boundary of the auroral oval from long-term observations of the auroral occurrences. The future plan for the ground auroral observations near JBS is presented.

Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) installed an ionospheric sounding radar system called Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionospheric Radar (VIPIR) at Jang Bogo Station (JBS) in 2015 in order to routinely monitor the state of the ionosphere in the auroral oval and polar cap regions. Since 2017, after two-year test operation, it has been continuously operated to produce various ionospheric parameters. In this article, we will introduce the characteristics of the JBS-VIPIR observations and possible applications of the data for the study on the polar ionosphere. The JBS-VIPIR utilizes a log periodic transmit antenna that transmits 0.5–25 MHz radio waves, and a receiving array of 8 dipole antennas. It is operated in the Dynasonde B-mode pulse scheme and utilizes the 3-D inversion program, called NeXtYZ, for the data acquisition and processing, instead of the conventional 1-D inversion procedure as used in the most of digisonde observations. The JBS-VIPIR outputs include the height profiles of the electron density, ionospheric tilts, and ion drifts with a 2-minute temporal resolution in the bottomside ionosphere. With these observations, possible research applications will be briefly described in combination with other observations for the aurora, the neutral atmosphere and the magnetosphere simultaneously conducted at JBS.

In this study, we typified the project for revitalizing the rural area through text analysis using news data, and analyzed the main direction and characteristics of the project. In order to examine the factors emphasized among the issues related to the revitalization of rural areas, we used news data related to 'tourism' and 'livelihood', which are the main keyword of the project to promote rural areas. In the analysis, text mining techniques were used. Topic modeling was conducted on LDA techniques for major projects in 'tourism' and 'livelihood' keyword. Based on this, this study typified the projects that are carried out for the activation of rural areas by topic. As a result of the analysis, it was fount that the topics included in the project were distributed in 11 sub-types(Tourism Promotion, Regional Specialization, Local Festival, Development of Regional Scale, Urban and Rural Exchange, Agricultural Support, Community Forest Management, Improve the Settlement Environment, General Welfare Service, Low Class Support, Others). The characteristics of the rural revitalization projects were examined, and it was confirmed that domestic projects were carried out by tourism-oriented projects. To summarize, the government is making projects to revitalize rural areas through related ministries. Within the structure where the project is spreading to the region, a lot of projects are being carried out. It is understood that the tourism and welfare oriented projects are being carried out in the revitalization project of the domestic rural area. Therefore, in order to achieve the goal of rural revitalization, it is believed that it will be effective to carry out a balanced project to improve the settlement environment of the residents.

Jang Bogo Station (JBS), the second Korean Antarctic research station, was established in Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica (74.62°S 164.22°E) in February 2014 in order to expand the Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) research capabilities. One of the main research areas at JBS is space environmental research. The goal of the research is to better understand the general characteristics of the polar region ionosphere and thermosphere and their responses to solar wind and the magnetosphere. Ground-based observations at JBS for upper atmospheric wind and temperature measurements using the Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) began in March 2014. Ionospheric radar (VIPIR) measurements have been collected since 2015 to monitor the state of the polar ionosphere for electron density height profiles, horizontal density gradients, and ion drifts. To investigate the magnetosphere and geomagnetic field variations, a search-coil magnetometer and vector magnetometer were installed in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Since JBS is positioned in an ideal location for auroral observations, we installed an auroral all-sky imager with a color sensor in January 2018 to study substorms as well as auroras. In addition to these observations, we are also operating a proton auroral imager, airglow imager, global positioning system total electron content (GPS TEC)/scintillation monitor, and neutron monitor in collaboration with other institutes. In this article, we briefly introduce the observational activities performed at JBS and the preliminary results of these observations.

이 글은 張顯光(1554-1637)의 『대학』 해석에 대해 기왕의 연구가 문집에 수록된 ｢錄疑竢質｣만을 분석해 논한 것을 반성하고, 『역학도설』에 수록된 ｢大學圖｣·｢大學改正之圖｣를 함께 분석하여 그의 『대학』 해석의 성취과정 및 특징을 밝힌 것이다. 장현광의 『대학』 해석은 세 단계로 성취되었다. 제1단계는 주자의 『대학장구』에 따라 해석하면서 權近·李滉 등의 설을 비판적으로 수용한 것으로, 그의 ｢大學圖｣를 통해 확인할 수 있다. 이 ｢대학도｣는 주자의 ｢대학도｣를 따르지 않고 권근·이황의 대학도를 수용했다는 점에서 의미가 있는데 이황의 대학도보다는 권근의 대학도에 가깝다. 제2단계의 해석은 선유들의 『대학장구』개정설을 보고서 다시 ｢大學改正之圖｣를 작성한 것이다. 이 ｢대학개정지도｣는 권근·이황의 대학도와 완전히 다른 시각에서 만든 것이다. 특히 명명덕·신민 밑에 팔조목의 공부를 배열하고, 지어지선 밑에 팔조목의 공효를 나누어 배열한 것, 전 제4장의 청송장을 경문 맨 뒤로 옮기고, 경문 제2절·제3절을 뒤로 옮겨 순서를 바꾸어서 격물치지장으로 삼은 것, 전 제4장을 없앰으로써 전체를 經一章·傳九章으로 파악한 것이 특징적이다. 이러한 설은 이언적의 설과 유사하지만, 지어지선 밑에 팔조목의 공효를 배열한 것과 전 제1장·제2장의 논리구조를 端(本)-事-極으로 파악한 것 등은 그만의 독특한 설이다. 제3단계는 자신의 개정설을 다시 수정하여 『대학장구』개정설을 제기한 것으로, ｢錄疑竢質｣에 수록되어 있는 설이 그것이다. 이 설의 핵심은 격물치지장을 재구성한 데 있는데, 채청·이언적의 설을 수용하여 맨 앞에 ‘所謂致知在格物者’ 8자를 보충하고, 그 다음에 경문 제3절, 청송장, 경문 제2절을 배열하고 ‘此謂知本’을 ‘此謂物格’의 오자로 보아 수정하여 ‘此謂知之至也’와 함께 격물치지의 공효로 삼은 것이 특징이다. 장현광은 『대학』을 해석하면서 내용에 대해서도 심도 있는 탐구를 하였는데, 誠意章 ‘誠於中’을 주자 및 쌍봉요씨의 설과는 달리 선이 마음속에 가득 찬 것으로 해석한 것이 독특하다. 이러한 장현광의 설은 경학사적으로 다음과 같은 의의가 있다. 첫째, 선유의 설을 비판적으로 수용하면서 문제의식을 키웠고 독자적인 시각으로 『대학장구』개정설을 제기하였다. 둘째, ｢대학도｣·｢대학개정지도｣ 등을 작성하여 삼경령·팔조목의 공부와 공효에 대한 연관성을 보다 정밀하게 밝혔다. 셋째, 傳文은 經文을 해석한 것이라는 傳文釋經之法의 논리를 개발하여 전문의 논리적 흠결을 보완하였다. 넷째, 격물치지의 개념을 주자와는 다르게 정의하여 격물치지장의 논리적 정합성을 선명하게 하였다. 다섯째, 경문 제2절(知止而后有定……)의 知止·定·靜·安·慮·得을 새롭게 해석하여 팔조목과 연관시킴으로써 삼강령의 공효로 막연히 이해하던 해석을 명료하게 하였다. 여섯째, 誠意章의 ‘誠於中’을 善이 마음속에 가득한 것으로 해석하여 해석의 다양성을 제시하였다.

본 연구의 목적은 한국과 중국의 태권도장 경영 현황을 비교하여 그 문제점과 경영모형을 제시하고 발전방안을 모색하여 태권도장의 성공적 경영을 위한 마케팅 계획 수립에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하는데 있다. 본 연구에서 태권도장을 비교분석 하는데 있어 시설, 프로그램, 법령절차, 홍보방법으로 한정하였으며 한국 서울시 G태권도장과 중국 지난시 H태권도장을 설정하여 연구 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 시설면을 살펴보면 규모로는 한국 G태권도장이 중국 H태권도장에 비해서 규모가 소규모이 며, 수련생을 위한 편의시설의 다양성 면에서도 중국 H태권도장이 우수하였다. 중국 H태권도장은 대수련관, 소수련관, 샤워실, 탈의실, 상담실, 관장실 등의 시설을 갖추고 있다. 둘째, 태권도장을 이용하는 시간과 요일을 비교분석한 결과 중국 H태권도장의 경우 평일은 오후 2 시에 주말은 오전 8시30분에 개방하여 오후 8시30분까지 운영한다. 매주 월요일에 휴관하였다. 반면 한국 G태권도장은 오후2시부터 오후10시까지 운영하였으며 매주 토·일요일 휴관하였다. 주말에 행사 가 있으면 예외 였다. 셋째, 수련비의 경우 한국 G태권도장은 서울시 태권도 협회 및 각 지역 태권도협회 규정 수련비에 맞게 책정되었고, 중국 H태권도장은 중국태권도협회나 지역 태권도협회의 규정요금이 따로 규정되어 있지 않아 시·구의 실정에 맞게 관장 임의로 수련비를 책정하여 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 두 지역에 수련비는 시간 대비 환산해서 시간당7000원 정도에 수련비를 받고 있다. 넷째, 태권도장에서 수련시간과 프로그램은 다음과 같은 형태로 이루어지고 있다. 한국 G태권도장 의 경우 1일 수련시간 60분, 주5회 운동으로 나누어져 있으며 출석은 각 수업을 담당하고 있는 사범 들이 관리하고 있다. 운동 프로그램은 기본동작(바른 자세, 발차기등), 겨루기 품새, 호신술 등으로 실시하며 인성 교육으로는 예절, 지도력, 책임감, 자신감 등으로 교육하며 수련강도는 수련생들의 능력에 따라 강도를 맞추어 계획하여 실시하였다. 반면 중국 H태권도장은 1일 수련시간은 90분 주 2회 로 구성되어 있으며 수련프로그램은 한국은 프로그램이 다양한 편이나 중국은 겨루기 수련 위주로 단 조롭다. 다섯째, 한국에서의 태권도장 개설을 위한 제도적 법령철차는 지도자의 자격조건 구비가 필수적이며 시·구청 등록, 세무서 등록, 각 지역 태권도협회 가입 등을 마쳐야 하지만 중국에서는 태권도 장 개설 시 각 지역 ‘체육국’의 법령절차에 따라 접수를 하고 지도자의 자격조건에 대해서는 경기 실적 증명서가 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 홍보방법에 있어서 중국 H태권도장 보다 한국 G태권도장의 홍보 전략에 있어 더 많은 전략을 가지고 있다. 중국 H태권도장은 광고, 전단지 배포 및 포스터, 태권도장 프랜카드, 태권도 시범, 수련생의 가족 및 동료집단에 의한 홍보, 위쳇을 통한 홍보 등으로 나타났다. 반면 한국 G태권도 장은 일반적인 방법으로 현수막, 태권도 시범, 간판광고 등이 있고 수련생들의 승급 심사, 수련회를 통한 특수 이벤트로 홍보 전략을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

In December 2015, we have installed neutron monitors at the Jang Bogo station in Antarctica. The Jang Bogo station is the second science station which is located at the coast (74° 37.4´S, 164° 13.7´E) of Terra Nova Bay in Northern Victoria Land of Antarctica. A neutron monitor is an instrument to detect neutrons from secondary cosmic rays collided by the atmosphere. The installation of neutron monitor at Jang Bogo station is a part of transferred mission for neutron monitor at McMurdo station of USA. Among 18 tubes of 18-NM64 neutron monitor, we have completed relocation of 6 tubes and the rest will be transferred in December 2017. Currently, comparison of data from the neutron monitors of both two stations is under way and there is a good agreement between the data. The neutron monitors at Jang Bogo station will be quite useful to study the space weather when the installation is completed.

Seok-jang is one of traditional seasonings prepared by solidification of the mixture of say sauce and salt for long period of aging time. In this study, the physiochemical properties of Seok-jang were investigated for the substitution of solar salt. Seok-jang exhibited highest mineral (P, Na, Fe, Mn, and Al) contents than those of solar salt and soy sauce, while showed lower soluble solids content than that of soy sauce. Seok-jang also exerted the highest pH value 7.70 compared to solar salt and soy sauce. Whereas magnesium and calcium contents of solar salts were 2.90 and 0.26 ppm, which were significantly higher than those of Seok-jang. In color values, L* value was highest in solar salt and lowest in say sauce, While the highest a* and b* value were 6.19 and 18.2 observed in Seok-jang followed by a solar salt and soy sauce. On the other hand, less amount of insoluble solid and sand powder content were 0.03 and 0.07% found in Seok-jang, respectively. In conclusion, Seok-jang was suitable for the potentional substitution of natural salt ingredient.

When Japan withdrew from South Korea, the South Korean society had to solve several urgent issues. These issues included how to replace the vacancy of Japanese leadership and how to realize and accomplish “a new system of democracy,” which even Japan had not developed yet. The burden of solving these problems naturally fell on Christianity since American missionaries had already brought up many potential nationalistic leaders through modern education. Since many Christians were recognized as the main body of a national movement and there were countless students who had studied abroad that were Christians, Christianity created a stable relationship with the United States. Furthermore, the close contact between Korean churches and American churches was more than enough to support this stability. However, this did not mean that Christianity fully dominated Korean politics; at that time the strong influence of indigenous religions of Korea that had greatly contributed to the independence movement of Korea could not be ignored. Right after the liberation of Korea, the Korean political situation was filled with conflicts between Christianity and native religious forces such as Dajonggyo and Chundogyo(The Heavenly Way) as well as other conflicts among Christian nationalists divided between two forces known as the Kihoand the Northwest. Such conflicts had been incessant since the creation of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Koreain Shanghai. The ideological conflicts between Christianity and native religions continued until the era of former President Park Jung Hee. Even though he professed Christian national salvation and American democracy, Rhee Sung Man stuck to his nationalism that Korean Christianity denied. He did not carry out the ideal of American democracy based on Christianity. It was because he chose Ilminjui(One People Theory) from Daejonggyo for his ruling ideology even though he selected a few Christian members who followed him. In Yun who was under the tradition of Christian nationalists, anti-Japanese or anti-communism sentiments can be found so easily, but any narrow nationalism cannot be discernible. Neither did he have any intention to accept dictatorship through the notion of a national father or long-term seizure of power. He thought that democracy could not be an instrument for nationalism; liberal democracy is the universal value that cannot be divided racially or regionally. He regarded these thoughts as coming from Christianity. In the meantime, the conflicts within the Democratic Party, namely between the old line and the new line was that between the traditional Northwest and the Kiho. Thus the conflicts between Jang Meon and Yun Posun had this history. The Kiho nationalists which were classified as the old line resisted against the Northwest nationalists which were classified as the new line because of their unilateral monopoly. The historical conflicts since the Shanghai Government continued this far.

This study aims to find out the geographical distribution, the physical structure and characteristic of Gudle-jang Paddy-field in Cheongsando. On the basis of this study, the potential value and the assignment for the preservation of Gudle-jang Paddy-field were suggested. Gudle-jang Paddy-field is centrally distributed to Cheongsando and has various features as follows. First, it has the Ondol structure which is used Gudle-jang. Second, it has an irrigation canal which has functions of the tank and the prevention of cold-weather damage as well as the irrigation and drainage canal. The values of Gudle-jang Paddy-field are as follows; 1) It is the peculiar and inherent agricultural structure which is only found in Cheongsando. 2) It is the structure that the agricultural civil engineering and the agricultural water management technique of traditional methode are applied. 3) It has the worths of the traditional culture of Korea. 4) It is the important resource creating superb rural landscape of the region. In spite of these values of Gudle-jang Paddy-field, there were little efforts to preserve it. From now on, it is needed to form of sympathy about the value of Gudle-jang Paddy-field and to make efforts for preservation of it. Also the institutional and political strategy should be provided to preserve and manage Gudle-jang Paddy-field.

This study was conducted to investigate the flora of Mt. Jang located at Haeundae-Gu in Busan. The survey for the flora was carried out from Oct. 2008 to Sep. 2009. The results were obtained as follows. The flora consists of 5 forms, 22 varieties, 238 species, 198 genera, 91 families, 47 orders, 7 classes, and 3 divisions as total 265 taxa. The typical communities were Osmunda japonica com., Stephanandra incisa com., Gleichenia japonica com., Eurya japonica-Pinus thunbergii com., Styrax japonica-Pinus thunbergii com., and Smilax china com. which were distributed along Forest Bathing Area and Yangun Falls, Miscanthus sinensis for. purpurascens com., Carpinus turczaibovii var. coreana com and Pseudosasa japonica were distributed around the top of mountain. According to the ecological characteristic species, the evergreen plants were observed 15 taxa 14 genera 13 families, the naturalized plants 18 taxa 17 genera 10 families, the specific plants categorized by Ministry of Environment 20 taxa 18 genera 18 families, the endangered plant 1 specie Utricularia yakusimensis, and the cultivated plants were observed 21 taxa 18 genera 14 families.

This study examined the physical and chemical properties of soil in Jang-San wetland in Busan Metropolitan City. The wetland covers wide and flat area comparing to its outside. The samples of the wetland soil were collected and analyzed in order to identify the profiles and chemical properties. According to the analyses of soil moisture and particle size distribution, the wetland soil mostly belongs to sandy loam with the soil moistures of 14.9-153.2%. The soil profiles are configured with O, A, B, and C horizons from the land surface. The organic matter content (2.38-16.7%) at most sampling locations decreases downwardly with the highest at 0-20 cm depth. The organic matter content has a good positive relationship with soil moisture content. According to X-ray diffraction analysis, the wetland soils contain quartz and feldspar (the main components of rhyolite porphyry) as well as montmorillonite, gibbsite, and kaolinite (the weathered products of feldspar). The wetland soil displays the highest iron concentration (average 22,052 mg/kg), indicating oxidation of iron. High concentrations of potassium (average 17,822 mg/kg) and sodium (average 5,394 mg/kg) originate from the weathering of feldspar. Among anions, sulfate concentration is highest with average 9.21 mg/kg that may originate from sulfate minerals and atmosphere.

된장은 한국의 독특한 발효 식품이며 장양이라 불리는 전통적인 제조 방법에 의해 제조된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 고숙성 된장에서 새롭게 생성된 성분과 그것의 생리활성을 측정하였다. 5년 숙성된 된장으로부터 새로운 o-dihydroxyisoflavone인 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone과 기존에 알려진 두 가지의 o-dihydroxyisoflavone을 각각 분리하여 다른 isoflavone과의 항산화 효과 및 미백효과를 비교 측정하였다. Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 활성 저해 효과는 7,8,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (compound 1), 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (compound 2) 그리고 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (compopund 3)은 각각 21.5 ± 0.2, 28.7 ± 0.4 그리고 32.6 ± 0.6 (IC50)을 나타낸 반면 daidzein은 이들에 비해 약한 DPPH 활성 저해 효과를 나타냈다. Superoxide 소거 효과는 L-ascorbic acid에 비해 compound 1 (IC50 = 18.10 ± 0.2 μM)과 2 (IC50 = 10.54 ± 0.4 μM)가 보다 효과적인 반면 compound 3과 daidzein은 이들에 비해 낮은 활성을 나타냈다. 또한 melan-a cells에서 o-dihydroxyisoflavone 유도체들의 티로시나제 활성과 멜라닌 생성을 비교 측정하였다. 특히 Compound 1 (IC50 = 11.21 ± 0.2 μM), 2 (IC50 = 5.23 ± 0.6 μM)의 경우 compound 3과 daidzein에 비해 티로시나제 활성을 억제하는데 효과가 있었으며 또한 멜라닌 생성을 50 % 억제할 때의 결과에서 이들 화합물은 각각 12.23 ± 0.7 μM (1), 7.83 ± 0.7 μM (2)과 같이 멜라닌 생성 억제 효능을 나타내었다. 따라서 고숙성 된장에서 유래한 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone은 항산화 및 미백효과를 가지는 화장품 소재로써 사용 가능하리라 판단된다.

The Chinese character carved on the monument at Moo Jang Temple(무장사, 藏寺) bear a striking resemblance to the calligraphic specimen of Wang Hee Ji(왕희지, 王羲之) the famous Chinese calligrapher. This has led many to believe that these characters on the monument are an assembly of Wang's calligraphic writings culled from one place to another. However, when considering how proportionally and harmoniously those characters are arrayed and how homogeneous they look in size and heavy stroke style, one may find it difficult to imagine that they are merely a collection of Wang's calligraphic works selected and pieced together carefully. According to my own inquiry, numerous experts of the field in the past, including Kim Jung Hee (김정희, 金正喜) and Hong Yang Ho(홍양호, 洪良浩), have recorded that those characters in question are the work of Kim Yook Jin(김육진, 金育珍), a calligrapher during the Silla Dynasty. I would also propose that what we see in the monument are not the work of Wang Hee Ji but the work of Kim Yook Jin who, with Wang Hee Ji as his primary model, had mastered the art of calligraphy to the highest possible level. If this is true, what we see in the monument is a great calligraphic work produced by an individual who had accomplished such an artistic achievement that is comparable with that of Wang Hee Ji. Kim Yook Jin's new dexterity was such that even the experts in the field could be mistaken his work for that of Wang's. If this claim here turns out to be valid, it is likely that we are witnessing a fresh new mane added to the list of the Korea's greatest calligraphers. Futhermore, the significance of this addition is that it will shed light on some unexplored chapter in the calligraphical history of Silla Dynasty which includes a handful of calligraphers only such as Kim Sang(김생, 金生).

It is said to be that most part of Seo-in(西人) scholars (e.g. Song, Si-yeol(宋時烈) and his pupils) regarded Neo-Confucianism(朱子學) as the absolute one, and only admitted it for their orthodoxy. In contrast, however, there was a bunch of scholars who tried to accept Neo-Confucianism critically participating in Seo-in party such as Jo, ik(趙翼), Choi, Yu-hae(崔有海), Choi, Yu-Ji In terms of this viewpoint, I focused on the fact that Gan-ho(艮湖) Choi, Yu-Ji(崔攸之) had revised the book of "Dae-hak-jang-gu"(『大學章句』), and studied his revised contents and its significance to this paper. Gan-ho's revision on " Dae-hak-jang-gu" proofread by Chu-tzu(朱熹:1130-1200) are summarized as follows; (1) Gan-ho regarded next two chapters of 'mul-yu-bon-mal(物有本末)……' and 'gi-bon-ran-yi-mi-chi-ja(基本亂而末治者)……' included in the major text(經) as the explanation of 'Gyeok-mul(格物)', so remade it into the 4th chapter of the minor text(傳) combining with the chapter of 'Cheong-song(聽訟章)' (2) Gan-ho regarded next two chapters of 'ji-ji-yi-hy-yu-jeong(知止而后有定)……' included in the major text and 'gi-bon-ran-yi-mi-chi-ja(基本亂而末治者)……' included in the 5th chapter of the minor text as the explanation of 'Chi-ji(致知)', so remade it into the 5th chapter of the minor text combining the two chapters. The significance of revision on the book of "Dae-hak-jang-gu" by Gan-ho can be valued as follows; (1) Several Seo-in scholars had succeeded progressively traditional scholarship without falling in the trap of adhesion under highly 'Neo-Confucianism dominated circumstance'. (2) Gan-ho had revised some part of "Dae-hak-jang-gu" with his trailblazing viewpoint based on the peculiar studying method mentioned above. (3) Gan-ho had succeeded and developed the former theories digestion well enough advocated by Dong, Goi(董槐) and Gueon, Geun(權近) (4) The separation of the two chapter of 'Gyeok-mul' and 'Chi-ji' from Chu-tzu's "Dae-hak-jang-gu" by Gan-go is outstanding opinion never found on former theories. In interpretation history of "Dae-hak", therefore, it must be valued to quite a new theory that no one had ever mentioned before.