한국의 청동기시대 연구에 있어서‘이주’는 피해 갈 수 없는 주제이다. 신석기시대-청동기시대 전환기 이후 한반도 남쪽에서 새로운 문화요소가 등장하게 된 과정에는 주민의 이주가 분명히 중요한 역할을 했을 것이며, 이주민의 실체나 기원지에 대한 고찰이 없이는 당시의 문화변동에 대한 설명이 빈약할 수밖에 없다. 그런데 청동기시대의 이주가 이렇듯 중요한 주제임에도 불구하고, 그간의 연구에서 이주 현상에 대한 이론적 이해가 다소 부족했던 것도 사실이고, 연구의 틀이나 대상 자료가 적절 하지 않게 사용되었던 측면도 분명히 있다. 따라서 본고에서는 청동기시대 연구자들이‘이주’라는 현상에 제대로 접근할 수 있도록 하는 방안을 모색하기 위해, 서구 학계에서 그동안 진행되어 온 이주 관련 논의 및 사례연구를 기반으로 고고학 자료상에서 이주의 과정이 어떠한 방식으로 그 모습을 드러내는지를 검토하였다. 그 결과, 특정 문화요소가 아닌 문화(유형) 그 자체를 이주 집단과 연결시키는 접근방법의 문제점을 확인하였다. 또한 주거지, 무덤, 토기가 거주자의 정체성과 어떠한 방식으로 관련되어 있는지를 검토하고, 이러한 고고학 자료를 통해 이주의 가능성을 제시하고자 할 경우에 반드시 고려해야 할 사항들이 무엇인지를 제시하였다. 마지막으로 신석기시대-청동기시대 전환기 이후 한반도 남쪽에서 일어났던 주민 이주 과정에 대한 연구의 새로운 대안을 모색하고자‘2열 기둥 주거지’의 건축양식 및 공간구성에 주목하고, 그것이 왜 이주를‘실증’하기에 좋은 문화요소가 될 수 있는지에 대해 논하였다.

In East Asia, the long-range transport of dust storms originating from Mongolia and northern China affects airborne dust loadings over downwind areas in the southern Korean Peninsula. Since 1997, dust loading cases caused by dust storms have been observed using the thresholds of total suspended particles (TSP, ≥250 μg m−3 hr−1 ) and particulate matter less than 10 μg (PM10, ≥190 μg m−3 hr−1 ) in the central-southern Korean Peninsula. There were two dust loading cases that exceeded these thresholds in 2016 and three in 2017, which reflects the downward trend of the last twenty-one years in the central-southern Korean Peninsula. Furthermore, five other dust loading cases with mass concentrations lower than the thresholds were observed from 2016 to 2017. In the moderate dust loading cases exceeding the thresholds, a descending motion of cut-off lows below 45 o N and a southward trough at 500 hPa gpm isopleths intensified at the western ridge, and largely extended the surface high-pressure system over southeast China. Airborne dust loadings following pronounced north-westerlies in the forward side of the high-pressure system were transported to the surface of the central-southern Korean Peninsula. However, in slight dust loading cases lower than the thresholds, the restricted descending motion of cut-off lows over 45 o N and the southwestward trough at 500 hPa gpm isopleths intensified the zonal flow over the Korean Peninsula. Surface high- and low-pressure systems moved eastward from the source compared to moderate dust loading cases. Due to the zonal movement of dust storms traversing eastern China, slight dust loading cases were observed with relatively higher ratios of PM2.5/TSP and carbon monoxide (CO) in the central-southern Korean Peninsula.

This article discusses the nature of Korean classical Chinese texts, or Sino-Korean texts and pays attention to the need for compiling various reference works in pre-modern Korean studies. And it suggests that the introduction of Digital Humanities to the field is necessary and discusses the conditions for successful Digital Humanities in the field. Due to the ambiguity and complexity of Sino-Korean texts, students of the field need various reference works to refer to for a clear understanding of the texts. It is recently and widely accepted as an urgent task to compile various reference works for Korean studies, ranging from linguistic and term dictionaries to encyclopedias. However, since the number of people who want to use paper dictionaries and reference books continues to reduce, reference work projects for Korean studies need to consider changing the direction. Adopting the Digital Humanities methods in the whole process of the projects can bring promptness, accuracy, and up-to-date-ness to the projects, and enable the field to extend the territory and maximize versatility. In doing so, the projects of reference work for Korean studies can continue to contribute to the development of Korean studies. It can also be used as a useful cultural content on the Internet. There are two issues to take into consideration regarding adopting Digital Humanities for reference work making for Korean studies. One is fostering editors and project managers of Digital Humanities projects for Korean studies; the other is to establish a standard for reference work making projects for effective communication, project planning & evaluation, and manpower training, etc.

『21세기 찬송가』 388장 「비바람이 칠 때에 의 원 가사는 찰스 웨슬리의 「예수, 내 영혼의 사랑 이다. 이 찬송시의 우리말 번역본이 처음 나타난 것은 장로회 소속 선교사들이 발간한『찬양가』(1894)로, 이 찬송가집에는 “主爲避亂所”(41장), “欲避亂往耶穌”(42장)의 두 편의 다른 번역이 실려 있다. 이후 이 번역 찬송가는 「예수내령혼령의 주」(1895)로 통합 번역되어 장로교와 감리교가 가각 발간한 찬송가집 『찬양가』와 『찬미가』에 모두 실렸다. 이 번역 찬송가의 제목은「풍우대작할때와」로 감리교·장로교 통합 찬송가집 『찬송가』(1908)년에서 바뀌고,『통일 찬송가』(1983) 이후「비바람이 칠 때에」 의 제목으로 가사도 수정되어 현재까지 불리고 있다. 본 논문은 찰스 웨슬리의 원 찬송시인 「예수, 내 영혼의 사랑」 의 내용을 분석해 본 후, 세대가 지나면서 조금씩 가사가 수정된 우리말 번역 찬송이 과연 찰스 찬송시 원전의 의미를 잘 드러내는지 찾아보았다. 그런 후 번역 찬송이 이 원 찬송의 곡조에 잘 부합되었는지 곡조의 강세를 중심으로 분석해 본 후 원 곡조와 잘 어울리면서 찰스 원 찬송시의 본문 내용을 적절하게 담고 있는 번역 찬송의 필요성을 논해보았다.

This article has attempted to provide some guidance and information for improving curricula at Korean universities by analyzing the curricula of American departments of German Studies. For this purpose, the contents and explanations of the website were mainly used. Prior to that, the current state of the Korean Germanistik was briefly descreibed. It was difficult to find cases in which the concept of the desirable learner, the purpose of the department, the goal of the curriculum, and learning outcomes were illustrated by the Korean Department of Germanistik. In contrast, these elements were usually described in the American departments. According to an example university, the department has developed the curriculum by which listening, speaking, reading, and writing can be integrated. In another example, the department offered the learners the opportunity to study in the various fields. The last case was an example of how learners can connect their majors to those of another faculty or department. The contents and materials presented here can be used for the improvement and new development of the curricula at the Korean universities. The departments of Germanistik in Korea have to redesign the curricula so that learners can acquire different skills needed for their future life. To do so, we should above all take into account the concept of the desirable learner, the pedagogical purpose, and the learning objectives of the departments and then provide the learners with a variety of chances to participate in developing a range of capacities. If it succeeds, one can assert the existence value of the department more convincingly.

Cerambycidae, a family of Coleoptera (Insecta: Chrysomeloidea), include approximately 33,000 species from the world and 357 species are recorded from the Korean peninsula. The members of this family are regarded as insect pests because they bore inside of host plants, otherwise, some lepturine species are pollinators of flowering plants. In Korea National Arboretum (Korea Forest Service), we are carrying out investigation of cerambycids biodiversity in Korea and neighboring countries. As results, we present some results of studies on host plants of Korean Cerambycidae and further study plans in a new project, "interactions between phytophagous insects and plants including microorganisms" in Korea National Arboretum.

본고는 식당 종업원 호칭에 대한 선행연구의 조사자료 및 그들 간의 의미를 재고한 뒤, 그 것을 토대로, 한 중 교재 속에 반영된 일반 식당 상황 하의 호칭어 사용 양상을 양적인 측면 에서 고찰하고 교육적 함의를 찾는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해, 본고는 우선 선행연구의 설문 결과 중에서 “여/저기요”와 “帥哥/美女”를 중심으로 시간에 따른 사용 변화 양상을 메타적 관점에서 관찰한다. 관찰에는 시대 흐름별 차이와 더불어 격식 유무별 차이 등이 포함된다. 그 로부터 얻은 결과를 기초로, 한 중 교재 속 식당 장면에서 사용되는 호칭들이 선행연구에서 보여준 사용 결과와 부합하는지 그리고 그 점에서 한 중 교재 간에는 어떤 공통점과 차이점 이 있는지를 양적 측면에서 살펴본다.

This study analyzes the results of ten foreign language anxiety (FLA) research papers from the Korean post-secondary EFL context. Its aim is to identify some of the methodological limitations that persist in such research in an effort to influence the epistemological perspectives and methodological approaches of future studies. A comprehensive summary of the FLA-associated factors, variables, and pedagogical implications reported in the respective research papers is presented. Discussions include a critical analysis of the traditional cognitivist approach to FLA research, addressing issues associated with attempts to isolate and objectively quantify the cognitive states of the students. Highlighted is the argument that, when the socio-cultural dimension of language learning is adequately accounted for, many of the underlying assumptions inherent to traditional FLA research become inescapably problematic. The study concludes by emphasizing the need to adopt holistic, interpretive, and social constructivist research perspectives through which the dynamic and ever-changing nature of human activity can be more fully accounted for, and by which the pedagogical implications remain deeply entwined with, rather than detached from, the context in which the language learning activity takes place.

꺽지의 식성 분석을 위해 금강에서 2016년 3월부터 12월까지 채집을 하였고 크기는 전장이 38∼70 mm, 71∼109 mm, 110 mm 이상 등 3개 집단으로 구분하였다. 먹이생물은 수서곤충에 속하는 하루살이목(Ephemeroptera), 잠자리목 (Odonata), 강도래목(Plecoptera), 딱정벌레목(Coleoptera), 파리목(Diptera), 날도래목(Trichoptera) 등과 어류 이었다. 꺽지는 수서곤충을 주로 섭식하였고 개체수에 있어 98.8%, 생체량은 55.8%, 상대중요성 지수는 97.1%로 대부분을 차지하였다. 식성은 육식성이었으며 먹이 섭취 특성과 형태는 Keenleyside의 분류를 적용하면 육식포식자(stalker)에 속하였다. 꺽지의 주요 먹이원은 하루살이류, 파리류, 날도래류 등이었고 잠자리류, 강도래류, 딱정벌레류, 어류 등은 희소하게 섭식하고 있었다. 꺽지는 체장이 증가함에 따라 섭식한 먹이의 생체량에 있어 하루살이류가 점진적으로 감소하였고 날도래류와 어류가 증가하는 먹이 전환이 발생 하였다. 딱정벌레류와 파리류는 큰 변동이 없이 일정하였다. 전반적으로 꺽지는 먹이생물의 구성이 계절에 따라 큰 변화는 없었다. 하천에 있어 꺽지의 자연증식과 서식지를 복원할 경우 주요 먹이원인 하루살이류, 파리류, 날도래류 등이 다량 서식할 수 있도록 조성하여야 한다.

Palatability and texture analysis of nine Korean rice cultivars were investigated to select the most appropriate rice variety for the cooked-rice processing. The rice cultivars studied consisted of Samkwang, Seonpum, Wolbaek, Andabyeo, Dasan-1, Ilpum, Haiami, Jungsanggold and Chindle. They revealed the moisture, protein, amylose and starch contents of 10~12, 5~6, 12~19, and approximately 90%, respectively. Among the evaluated rice varieties, WB exhibited the lowest amylose content (12.7%) and Jungsanggold the next (17.2%). In the rapid-visco analyzer test, Jungsanggold, Chindle, Wolbaek and Seonpum revealed a low value of final and setback viscosities than other varieties. Using a toyo meter analyzer, Chindle, Haiami, Samkwang were selected as having high toyo palatability values, while Dasan-1, Wolbaek and Andabyeo revealed low values. Toughness and adhesiveness of all nine cooked rice varieties were highest in Jungsanggold, Chindle and Ilpum. Also, palatability of cooked rice was highest in the following order: Chindle (80.03) > Samkwang (76.21) > Jungsanggold (74.08). The results of this study suggest that Chindle may be effectively used to produce processed cooked rice.

지금까지 한국 성명학에 관한 연구는 한국인의 가치관과 인식⋅관습 등을 이해하려는 한 방법으로 꾸준히 진행되어 오고 있다. 역학적(易學的) 관점에서 본 연구는 현대 한국사회에서 단지 언어현상으로만 그치는 것이 아니라 현세기복(現世祈福)을 위한 수단으로도 인식되고 있는 성명학에 대해 그동안 관련 학계에서 이루었던 연구성과를 정리한 후, 한국 성명학에 관한 연구가 향후 나아가야 할 방향과 과제를 제시하고자 하였다. 지금까지 한국 성명학 연구의 경향성을 살펴보면 다음과 같다. ① 고전소설 속의 등장인물의 성명 분석 ② 실증 사례의 통계분석 ③ 기업 상호명 분석 ④ 성명학 이론의 개괄적 고찰 ⑤ 현행 한국 성명학의 문제점 도출과 해결방안을 제안하는 경우 등이다. 그러나 성명학 연구의 역사가 일천하고 성명학 연구에 대한 관심이 미흡한 때문인지 대체로 그 연구수준이 높지 않다. 그리고 연구주제도 서로 중복되는 경우가 많다. 따라서 앞으로 한국 성명학에 대한 연구주제를 다양화하고 연구 수준을 심화시킬 수 있도록 관련 학계와 연구자들의 노력이 절실히 요구된다. 그 외 향후 과제로는 일본 수리성명학의 적용에 대한 재검토, 현행 발음오행 성명학의 문제점 해결, 대법원 선정 인명용 한자의 재검토 등이다. 또한 실증 사례를 통해 그 실증성을 통계분석하는 경우가 있는데, 이 경우에도 단순 통계가 아니라 조사집단과 참조집단 간의 비교분석과 조사치의 차이 검증을 통해 심층적인 통계 연구가 이뤄져야 한다.

The objective of this study was to investigate the result of in vivo embryo collection and pregnancy rate after embryo transfer using sex-sorted sperm of Korean brindle cattle. Donor Korean brindle cattle superovulation treated by decreasing dose of FSH injection. Embryos were recovered on 7 days after the third artificial insemination. Control group semen straw used artificial insemination contained 20 million sperm. Sex-sorted semen straws contained 4 million sperm or 10 million sperm. As for the result of the recovery of the in vivo embryos derived from sex-sorted sperm, the number of transferable embryos was significantly highly recovered to be 6.20±2.28/donor from the control group and was significantly lowly recovered to be 1.57±1.72/donor from the group treated at a sperm concentration of 10×106 (p<0.05). The number of unfertilized embryo was 0.8±1.30/donor in control group which was significantly lower than the group treated at a sperm concentration of 4×106 (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the number of undeveloped ova between control and treatment groups. Pregnancy rate after embryo transfer was shown to be 35.00% in control group and 12.50% in treatment group. The karyotype analysis of the calf derived from sex-sorted sperm resulted in a similar chromosomal distribution pattern (2n=60, XX) compared to those of common Korean native cattle.

Traditionally, mistletoe is known as an effective anti-cancer medicinal plant, and lectin is recognized as a major component with cytotoxic and immuno-stimulant activity in mistletoe. A Korean mistletoe lectin (KML) has specificity to galactose and galactosamine and is distinguish from European mistletoe lectin (EML). When we examined the concentration of lectin in mistletoe originated from five different types of host trees, the result indicate that the lectin concentration is variable depending on the host tree. Noticeably, mistletoe from chestnut tree contains ten folds higher lectins than that of an oak tree. We also tested the concentration of KML and crude extract (KM-110) of Korean mistletoe that shows 90% cytotoxicity in L5178Y-ML25 lymphoma cell. In addition, the cells show 90% and 70% viability by the treatment of two neutralizing antibodies of KML, 9H7-D10 and 8B11-2C5 neutralization effect with two monoclonal antibodies of KML, 9H7-D10 and 8B11-2C5. Therefore, the result expected that the mistletoe contain some other cytotoxic components except lectin. Finally, the production of TNF-α and IL-6 by RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lectin free-crude extract (LFKM-110) following neutralization by 9H7-D10 monoclonal antibody shows higher than that of lectin containing-crude extract (KM-110). These results suggest that the Korean mistletoe lectin ha a great potential to be developed as therapeutic agent of cancer.

The purpose of this study is to produce wanted sex progeny of genetically confined White Hanwoo (albinism) with preselected sex sperm. One bull of White Hanwoo was chosen for semen donor and X sperm was sorted by MoFlo XDP cell sorter. To compare the pregnancy and birth rates, KPN straw was used as control, total number of unsorted sperm was 20×106/straw. Sexed X frozen semen with 2×106 cells or 4×106 cells per straw were in seminated twice on Hanwoo heifers. The abnormality of the sexed X semen was 24.9 ± 7.31% and distal reflex abnormality of mid piece was significantly (p<0.05) higher (11.7%) compared with that of KPN 768 (5.6%). There were no differences on the pregnancy and birth rates between 2×106 cells or 4×106 cells of X-sperm but KPN semen showed significant differences (p<0.05). The pregnancy rates of KPN 768, 2×106 cells and 4×106 cells X-sperm of White Hanwoo cattle were 85.0%, 26.3% and 50%. The birth rates were 80.0%, 15.8% and 21.4%, respectively. The female offspring rates of KPN 768, 2×106 cells and 4×106 cells X-sperm of White Hanwoo cattle were 43.8%, 100% and 100% (p<0.05). These results indicated that sex sorted White Hanwoo could be used for the production of wanted progeny with 2×106 cells/straw for AI. To increase the efficiency of calf production, the sperm number of sex sorted semen will be optimized for sex selection of White Hanwoo progeny.