Li Shan’s commentary on the Selected Writings appears in 304 of his works, ranging from the Xidufu, an excerpt from the Zuo Zhuan, to the Ritual Essay, Ji Qu Yuan Wen. The Zuo Zhuan records a wide range of topics, from the evolution of history to various rituals, social customs, astronomy and geography, rhymes, proverbs, and a variety of literature. Li Shan’s commentary on the Zuo Zhuan is based on the main text and its content, with citations centered on its main historical events and the origin of its words. On the question of Li Shan’s citation of the Zuo Zhuan notes, we can see through examination that Li Shan was not influenced by the political advocacy of the unification of the Five Classics, and that he took Du’s notes as his main focus and did not exclude the other Zuo Zhuan notes, and in accordance with what is stated in the text of the Selected Works, he thought that it conformed to the wording of the text and made appropriate use of the Fu Qian’s service of the pianist’s notes on the Zuo Zhuan as well as the notes of the other annotators. Among them, the author suspects that Li Shan should have referred to the text of Fu Qian’s “Jie Yi” and Jia Kui’s “ChunQiu ZuoShi JieGu”, while Ma Rong’s words can hardly be said to be a comment from Ma Rong’s “ChunQiu SanZhuan YiTongShuo”, but rather a text quoted from other documents of the time. The contents of Ma Rong’s commentaries in the “Selected Writings” can be found in Kong Yingda’s commentary, which is more detailed than the “Selected Writings” commentary. However, in terms of the “Selected Writings” commentary, especially nowadays, it can be regarded that the commentaries of Li Shan’s commentaries are within the scope of his old commentaries, and it is quite possible that Li Shan cited his old commentaries as commentaries on other works in the case of the same words in his old commentaries in the later years.

A carbon matrix for high-capacity Li/Na/K-alloy-based anode materials is required because it can effectively accommodate the variation in the volume of Li/Na/K-alloy-based anode materials during cycling. Herein, a nanostructured porous polyhedral carbon (PPC) was synthesized via a simple two-step method consisting of carbonization and selective acid etching, and their electrochemical Li/Na/K-ion storage performance was investigated. The highly uniform PPC, with an average particle size of 800 nm, possesses a porous structure and large specific surface area of 258.82 cm2 g– 1. As anodes for Li/Na/K-ion batteries (LIBs/NIBs/KIBs), the PPC matrix exhibited large initial reversible capacity, fast rate capability (LIB: ~ 320 mAh g– 1 at 3C; NIB: ~ 140 mAh g– 1 at 2C; KIB: ~ 110 mAh g– 1 at 2C), better cyclic performance (LIB: ~ 550 mAh g– 1; NIB: ~ 210 mAh g– 1; KIB: ~ 190 mAh g– 1 at 0.2C over 100 cycles), high ionic diffusivity, and excellent structural robustness upon cycling, which demonstrates that the PPC matrix can be highly used as a carbon matrix for high-capacity alloy-based anode materials for LIBs/NIBs/KIBs.

Li1.5Al0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3 (LATP) is considered to be one of the promising solid-state electrolytes owing to its excellent chemical and thermal stability, wide potential range (~5.0 V), and high ionic conductivity (~10-4 S/cm). LATP powders are typically prepared via the sol-gel method by adding and mixing nitrate or alkoxide precursors with chelating agents. Here, the thermal properties, crystallinity, density, particle size, and distribution of LATP powders based on chelating agents (citric acid, acetylacetone, EDTA) are compared to find the optimal conditions for densely sintered LATP with high purity. In addition, the three types of LATP powders are utilized to prepare sintered solid electrolytes and observe the microstructure changes during the sintering process. The pyrolysis onset temperature and crystallization temperature of the powder samples are in the order AC-LATP > CA-LATP > ED-LATP, and the LATP powder utilizing citric acid exhibits the highest purity, as no secondary phase other than LiTi2PO4 phase is observed. LATP with citric acid and acetylacetone has a value close to the theoretical density (2.8 g/cm3) after sintering. In comparison, LATP with EDTA has a low sintered density (2.2 g/cm3) because of the generation of many pores after sintering.

In this study, changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties of cast and extruded Al-2Li-1Ce alloy materials were investigated as the Mg content was varied. The density decreased to 2.485, 2.46 and 2.435 g/cm3 when the Mg content in the Al-2Li-1Ce alloy was increased to 2, 4 and 6 wt%, respectively. Intermetallic compounds of Al11Ce3 were observed in all alloys, while the β-phase of Al3Mg2 was observed in alloys containing 6 wt% of Mg. In the extruded material, with increasing Mg content the average grain size decreased to 84.8, 71.6 and 36.2 μm, and the fraction of high-angle grain boundaries (greater than 15°) increased to 82.8 %, 88.6 %, and 91.8 %, respectively. This occurred because the increased Mg content promotes dynamic recrystallization during hot extrusion. Tensile test results showed that as the Mg content increased, both the yield strength and tensile strength increased. The yield strength reached 86.1, 107.3, and 186.4 MPa, and the tensile strength reached 215.2, 285, and 360.5 MPa, respectively. However, it is worth noting that the ductility decreased to 27.78 %, 25.65 %, and 20.72 % as the Mg content increased. This reduction in ductility is attributed to the strengthening effect resulting from the increased amount of dissolved Mg, and grain refinement due to dynamic recrystallization.

Zhuan Li Wan Xiang Ming Yi’s “Gujinzi” is a typical sample outside the region, and it stores a wealth of thematic corpus. This paper sorts out more than 300 groups of “Gujinzi”, and through the analysis and summary of the style of these materials, it is found that there are not only typical terms marked by the words “Gu” and “Jin”, but also terms such as “Tongshang.” “Shangwen” and “Mouzi” mixed with the typical terms. The collection and identification of its expression style is the premise for further research on the materials of “Gujinzi”, and as an exotic sample of the development of “Gujinzi”, the comparative research on Chinese “Gujinzi” can provide some circumstantial evidence for solving the long-debated problems in the academic history of “Gujinzi”; As an exotic eye, it also provides us with a new perspective to understand the connotation of the traditional term “Gujinzi” and the relationship between words.

전고체 전지는 전기 자동차의 안정성을 향상시키기 위해 기존의 리튬 이온 전지를 대체할 주요 후보로 간주되고 있 습니다. 그러나 전고체 전지에 사용되는 황화물계 고체 전해질은 산화 환원 안정성이 부족하며 양극복합전극과 표면 에서 부반응을 이르켜 문제를 야기시킵니다. 때문에 양극 표면 코팅법이 제안되었고 이는 충방전 사이클 안정성 및 속도 특성의 개선에 유용한 효과를 나타낼 수 있습니다. 본 논문에서는 결정학적 분석을 통하여 신규 Li-Zr-O 조성 탐색을 하였고, 다양한 양극 소재 코팅소재 후보군 중 리튬 이온 전도체인 Li6Zr2O7 구조가 매우 유망하다는 연구 결 과를 확인했습니다. 본 논문은 기존에 사용되는 LiNbO3, Li4Ti5O12가 아닌 새로운 다양한 구조 및 조성의 양극 코팅 소 재개발에 대한 필요성 및 가능성을 시사합니다.

Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3(LATP) is considered a promising material for all-solid-state lithium batteries owing to its high moisture stability, wide potential window (~6 V), and relatively high ion conductivity (10-3–10-4 S/cm). Solid electrolytes based on LATP are manufactured via sintering, using LATP powder as the starting material. The properties of the starting materials depend on the synthesis conditions, which affect the microstructure and ionic conductivity of the solid electrolytes. In this study, we synthesize the LATP powder using sol-gel and co-precipitation methods and characterize the physical properties of powder, such as size, shape, and crystallinity. In addition, we have prepared a disc-shaped LATP solid electrolyte using LATP powder as the starting material. In addition, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic measurements are conducted to analyze the grain size, microstructures, and ion conduction properties. These results indicate that the synthesis conditions of the powder are a crucial factor in creating microstructures and affecting the conduction properties of lithium ions in solid electrolytes.

In this study, lanthanum boron silicate glasses were prepared with a composition of x Li2O-(60-x)B2O3-5CaO- 5BaO-7ZnO-10SiO2-10La2O3-3Y2O3 where x = 1,3,5,7, and 9 mol%. Each composition was melted in a platinum crucible under atmospheric conditions at 1,400 °C for 2 h. Clear glasses with a transmittance exceeding 85 % were fabricated. Their optical, thermal, and physical properties, such as refractive index, Abbe number, density, glass transition (Tg) and Knoop hardness were studied. The results demonstrated that refractive index was between 1.6859 and 1.6953 at 589.3 nm. The Abbe number was calculated using an equation for 589.3 nm (nd), 656.3 nm (nf) and 486.1 nm (nc) and was observed to be in the range from 57.5 to 62.6. As the Li2O content increased, the glass transition temperature of the optical glass decreased from 608 °C to 564 °C. If glass mold pressing is performed using a material with a low transition temperature and high mechanical strength, then the optical glasses developed in this study can be completely commercialized.

1990년대 초·중반 많은 중국의 화가들은 전통 중국화(中國畵) 의 한계를 극복하기 위해 서양화를 융합하여 자신만의 독특한 회화 스타일과 예술 언어를 나타내었다. 이들 가운데 이고선은 ‘중국화와 서양화의 융합’의 길을 개척한 선두 주자였다. 특히 그의 어(魚)류 회화는 중국 전통 문인화(文人畵)의 필묵 정신을 계승함과 동시에 서양 회화의 형식적인 요소를 받아들여 독창 적인 표현 기법과 예술 언어를 발휘하였다. 본 연구는 이고선 과 동시대 화가들의 어(魚)류를 소재로 한 회화작품에 표현된 미의식과 예술특징의 차이를 알아보고, 중국 당대 사의화(寫意 畵)에 대한 경험과 영향에 대해 분석하였다.

The effect of Li2O addition on precipitation behavior of uranium in LiCl-KCl-UCl3 has been investigated in this study. 99.99% LiCl-KCl eutectic salt is mixed with 10wt% UCl3 chips at 550°C in the Pyrex tube in argon atmosphere glove box, with 10 ppm O2 and 1 ppm H2O. Then, Li2O chunks are added in mixed LiCl-KCl-UCl3 and the system has been cooled down to room temperature for 10 hours to form enough UO2 particles in the salt. The solid salt has been taken out from the glove box, and cut into three sections (top, middle and bottom) by low-speed saw for further microscopic analysis. Three pieces of solid salt are dissolved in deionized water at room temperature and the solution is filtered by a filter paper to collect non-dissolved particles. The filter paper with particles is baked in vacuum oven at 120°C for 6 hours to evaporate remaining moisture from the filter paper. Further analysis was performed for the powder remaining on the filter paper, and periphery of the powder (cake) on the filter paper. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron diffraction spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) are adopted to analysis the characteristic of the particles. From SEM analysis, the powders are consisted of small particles which have 5 to 10 m diameter, and EDS analysis shows they are likely UO2 with 23 at. % of uranium and 77 at. % oxygen. Cake is also analyzed by SEM and EDS, and needle like structures are widely observed on the particle. The length of needle is distributed from 5 to 20 m, and it has 6 to 10 at. % of chlorine, which are not fully dissolved into deionized water at room temperature. From XRD analysis, the particles show the peak position of UO2, and the result is well matched with the SEM-EDS results. We are planning to add more Li2O in the system for fully reacting uranium in UCl3, and compare the results to find the effect of Li2O concentration on UO2 precipitation.

본고는 수사학 측면에서 李密의 ｢陳情表｣를 분석하고자 한다. 李密의 ｢陳情表｣는 왕에게 올리는 글인 ‘表’의 형식으로 쓰여져 그 내용은 진지하고 논리적이며 매우 설 득력이 있다. 李密의 ｢陳情表｣가 갖는 설득 텍스트로서의 특징을 기초로 본고는 서 양의 수사학 체계를 적용하여 분석해 보고자 한다. 특히 李密의 ｢陳情表｣가 문언인 점을 감안하여 논거를 찾는 과정인 착상 영역을 중심으로 분석을 진행하였으며 특히 착상 영역에서 중요하게 생각하는 논거 찾기와 논증전략에 대해 자세히 살펴보았다. 李密은 자신의 생각이나 주장을 뒷받침할 만한 논거들을 다양한 말터에서 가져와 수 신자인 왕을 설득하고 있는데 이때 여러 논증 전략들을 사용하여 자신의 의견을 피 력하고 있다. 본고는 중국의 고전 문학 작품인 李密의 ｢陳情表｣를 단순히 ‘조모에 대 한 지극한 효성’이 드러난 작품, 즉 문학의 내용적인 측면에서의 분석을 넘어서 ‘表’ 라는 텍스트가 가지는 설득의 목적에 초점을 두고 서양 수사학 체계에서 본 텍스트 를 분석했다는 것에 의의가 있다.

CNTs/Al-Li composite was first prepared by hot-pressed sintering from Al-Li alloy powder and CNTs solution, and then the hot compression tests were performed on MMS-100 thermal simulator at strain rate range of 0.01– 10 s− 1, deformation temperature range of 350–500 °C, and total deformation amount of 60%. True stress–strain curves were plotted, and constitutive equation as well as hot processing maps were successfully confirmed based on Arrhenius constitutive model and Prasad instability criterion. Results show that CNTs/Al-Li composite have a very poor hot deformation ability and narrow processing region, which is strain rate range of 0.1–1 s− 1 and deformation temperature range of 360–400 °C. Hot extrusion experiment was carried out and the processing parameters were selected according to the established hot processing map, and an improvement on strength and a good balance between strength and plasticity can be obtained, which is about 650 MPa for tensile strength and 9% for elongation.

There is still a controversy in the academic community as to whether the author of “JouPuTuan” (《肉蒲團》) is Li Yu, the majority of scholars believe that its author is Li Yu, but some other scholars don’t agree, they think it’s author can not be Li Yu. This article firstly sorted out and summarized different representative views, and then compared the major surviving editions of “JouPuTuan”, pointed out that the “The wooden movable type edition” (木活字本) was not the earliest surviving edition of “JouPuTuan”, so the view that the author of “JouPuTuan” is not Li Yu is not valid. Finally. On the basis of the previous studies, this article has a further argued from the perspective of “Li Yu’s special words” (李漁特征詞) to prove that “JouPuTuan” is definitely the work of Li Yu.

“Li chao jie lu”(历朝捷录) is a history book of Gangjian style compiled by Gu Chong(顾充) in the Ming Dynasty. It records the governance of the emperors of all dynasties during the 1,700 years from King Weilie of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to Emperor Bing of the Song Dynasty. The style imitates Zhu Xi’s “Zi zhi tong jian gang mu”, but the narrative is more concise. Therefore, it has been favored by readers after its release. Especially it‘s convenient for beginner spreparing for imperial examinations. There are many versions of this book. Among them, in addition to the original version compiled by Gu Chong, various sequel versions and annotated versions have also been derived. However, under the strict banning policy of the Qing Dynasty, “Li chao jie lu” and its derivative versions have been repeatedly banned, but some versions are still circulated to today. In this article, the author investigated existing relevant versions, took “Li chao jie lu da cheng” 2 juan, “Xin juan zeng ding Li chao jie lu quan bian” 4 juan, “Xin juan zeng ding Li chao jie lu quan bian da cheng” 4 juan, “Chong ke yin zhu Li chao jie lu” 4 juan, “Xin ke kai ji han lin ping xuan Li chao jie lu zong yao” 4 juan, “Juan chong ding bu zhu Li chao jie lu shi jian ti heng” 4 juan, “Xin ke yu geng zhi xian sheng jian ding Li chao jie lu” 7 juan, “Li chao jie lu” 12 juan, “Li dai jie lu” 8 juan, a total of nine versions as the research object, analyzed the content composition and characteristics of each edition, and aimed to provide readers with a reference for the choice of editions.

As the size of market for electric vehicles and energy storage systems grows, the demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is increasing. Currently, commercial LIBs are fabricated with liquid electrolytes, which have some safety issues such as low chemical stability, which can cause ignition of fire. As a substitute for liquid electrolytes, solid electrolytes are now being extensively studied. However, solid electrolytes have disadvantages of low ionic conductivity and high resistance at interface between electrode and electrolyte. In this study, Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), one of the best ion conducting materials among oxide based solid electrolytes, is fabricated through RF-sputtering and various electrochemical properties are analyzed. Moreover, the electrochemical properties of LLZO are found to significantly improve with co-sputtered Li2O. An all-solid thin film battery is fabricated by introducing a thin film solid electrolyte and an Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) cathode; resulting electrochemical properties are also analyzed. The LLZO/Li2O (60W) sample shows a very good performance in ionic conductivity of 7.3  108 S/cm, with improvement in c-rate and stable cycle performance.