목적 : 본 연구는 8세에서 19세의 근시 학생을 대상으로 어린이 근시관리 누진 안경렌즈의 착용실태를 조사하고 착용 후 2년간 근시도의 변화를 확인하고자 하였다. 방법 : 2019년 6월부터 2023년 5월까지 수원 G 안경원에서 어린이 근시관리 누진렌즈를 구매한 110명을 대상 으로 근시 진행완화를 위해 렌즈의 착용을 지속하고 있는지 그리고 중도 포기했다면 그 이유를 조사하였다. 그 후 2차 정기방문으로 안경을 다시 교정받은 기록이 있는 72명을 대상으로 초점렌즈(A그룹, 33명)와 어린이 근시관리 누진렌즈(B그룹, 39명)를 착용한 두 그룹으로 나누어 2년간 추적 조사하였다. 결과 : 어린이 근시관리 누진렌즈를 처방받은 110명의 1차 대상자 중 15명(13.6%)이 근시진행 완화 안경 착용 을 중도 포기했으며 이들 중 남자는 11명(73.3%), 여자는 4명(26.6%) 이었다. 또한, 중도 포기한 이유로는 구매의 편의성과 비용문제가 주된 이유로 조사되었다. 1차, 2차, 3차 방문 시기에 평균 등가구면 굴절력은 A그룹에서는 – 2.09±1.43, –2.78±1.52, –3.31±1.55 D이었고, B그룹은 –2.04±1.08, –2.63±1.06, -2.94±1.08 D로 측정되 었다. 각각의 안경을 2년간 착용한 후에 평균 등가구면 굴절력의 변화량은 A그룹에서 –1.22±0.56 D이었고, B그 룹에서는 –0.90±0.51 D를 보였다(p=0.010). 결론 : 8세에서 19세의 근시가 있는 초중고 학생은 2년 간 어린이 근시관리 누진렌즈를 착용한 후에 단초점렌즈 를 착용한 그룹에 비해 근시 진행이 지연되었다. 근시관리 안경렌즈의 성공적인 시장 정착을 위해서는 더욱 다양한 모집단을 장기 추적 관찰하여 그 효과를 연구한 자료가 필요하다고 생각된다.

The current survey form of grassland has not played its role in managing the grassland effectively because of the ambiguous questionnaire items and the absence of method and time of the investigation. Therefore, this study was conducted to clarify and add the items for effective of grassland management. The survey form of grassland was regulated in Article 16 of the Enforcement Rules of the Grassland Act (Survey on Grasslands Management Status, etc.). The five contents that needed improvement were the grassland owner, the survey timing and method of established grassland, grassland used livestock, grassland usage condition, and grassland grade. In the improved survey form of grassland, the grassland owner was changed to the grassland manager. In addition, ‘Survey by each land’ was added to the improved survey form in which the managers can survey each land. The dimension of each grassland establishment method was deleted in the grassland establishment time and method. In the livestock using grassland, the number of livestock and the area where livestock are used were added, and the number of other livestock was added, too. The grassland grade was decided as the combined score by three evaluation categories; grassland usage, the ratio of forage production in grassland and kinds of forage. The high, middle, and low grades were over 8, 6~7, and under 5 points in the combined score, respectively. The results show that the changed survey form of grassland can make grassland management more efficient by materializing the subject of grassland management and the survey terminology and methods.

The Varroa mite, Varroa destructor is an ectoparasite that parasitizes honey bees. The widespread usage of acaricides, particularly fluvalinate, has resulted in the emergence of resistance in Varroa mite populations all over the world. The goal of this study is to track fluvalinate resistance in Varroa mite field populations in Korea using both bioassay and molecular markers. To accomplish this, a residual contact vial (RCV) bioassay for on-site resistance monitoring was developed. Early mortality evaluation in the RCV bioassay was effective for reliably separating mites with the knockdown resistance (kdr) genotype, but late mortality evaluation was useful for distinguishing mites with additional resistance factors. The RCV bioassay of 14 field mite populations collected in 2021 revealed potential resistance development in four populations. Quantitative sequencing was used as an alternate method to examine the frequency of the L925I/M mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc), which is related with the fluvalinate kdr phenotype. While the mutation was not present in Varroa mite populations in 2020, it appeared in 2021, rose in frequency in 2022, and was practically ubiquitous across the country by 2023. This recent emergence and rapid spread of fluvalinate resistance within a span of three years demonstrate the Varroa mite's significant potential for developing resistance. This situation emphasizes the critical necessity to replace fluvalinate with alternate acaricides, such as fenpyroximate, coumaphos, and amitraz. A few novel vgsc mutations potentially involved in resistance were identified. Potential factors driving the rapid expansion of resistance were further discussed.

음악 예술경영을 연구하는 것은 음악 전공의 발전에 매우 중 요한 의미가 있다. 음악과 예술은 상호 보완적이면서 불가분한 관계이다. 음악 예술경영의 모델과 방법은 음악 예술의 발전함 에 따라 끊임없이 발전하고 혁신하고 있다. 음악 예술경영은 지속성과 복잡성의 특성을 지닌 통합적이고 체계적인 프로젝트 이다. 현재 학문 간의 합병과 동질화 발전 추세에 따라 대학 음악 경영 인력의 양성 방식도 변화가 시급히 필요하며, 음악 예술을 다양한 문화, 학문 등과 결합시켜야 한다. 그러나 현재 중국 대학 등 고등 교육 기관은 사회 발전 방향 에 발맞춰 교사 인력 및 커리큘럼을 설정하는 데 여전히 문제 가 존재한다. 따라서 대학에서 양성한 음악 예술경영 인재는 현대 관리 및 네트워크 운영 등 측면에서의 종합 능력이 부족 한 것으로 보인다. 대학의 음악 예술경영 전공의 인재 양성은 어려움을 직면하고 있다. 따라서 사회와 음악 시장의 발전을 적용하기 위해 대학은 음악 경영 인재의 양성 목표, 방법 및 교육 전략을 조정해야 하며 학제적인 능력을 갖추면서 시장 수 요에 부합한 인재를 양성해야 한다. 본 연구는 중국 음악 예술 경영 전공의 발전 추세를 분석하고 정리하며 중국 음악 및 예 술경영 인재 양성을 위한 제안을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한 다.

Around the 1980s, with government’s promotion and dissemination policies for FRP (Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics) of the government as a main material of fishing boats, approximately 97% of the entire fishing boats in Korea have utilized FRP until now. Nevertheless, diverse social and environmental issues have emerged due to the susceptibility to fire and the generation of substances detrimental to human health during the construction process of FRP fishing vessels. Especially, the high disposal cost and the limitation of recycling technology in the disposal process of FRP fishing boats have elicited attention to circular economy. This research intended to grasp the management status and problems of disposed FRP fishing boats in Korea, and to assess the level of competitive advantage of FRP fishing boats’ recycling technologies of FRP fishing boats based on VRIO (Value, Rarity, Imitability, Organization) analysis through domestic and foreign management policies and related recycling examples. According to the survey of 161 respondents, including the industry, stakeholders and experts related to the collection, treatment and recycling of fisheries wastes, it was revealed that FRP fishing boats’ recycling technologies of FRP fishing boats are at the level of ‘unused competitive advantage’ that satisfied the level of value, rarity and imitability, but not the level of organization.

Japan’s government has announced plan to release the contaminated water stored from the tanks of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant site into the sea in June. The contaminated water is treated by SARRY (Cesium removal facility) and ALPS (advanced liquid processing system) to remove 62 radionuclide containing Cesium, Strontium, Iodine, and so on using filtration, precipitation (or coprecipitation) and adsorption for other nuclides (except for H-3 and C-14). The total amount of the contaminated water stored at tanks is 1,328,508 m3 (as of March 23, 2023). Currently, three ALPS systems which are existing ALPS, improved ALPS, high performance ALPS have been operated to meet the regulatory standard for release to the sea. According to the release plan, they have announced that 30 nuclides and H-3 concentration of the contaminated water will be measured and assessed before/after the discharge of the contaminated water into the sea. Before the release, the contaminated water is re-treated by reverse osmosis membrane facility and additional ALPS. And then, the water will be diluted with seawater more than 100 times. The diluted water will then move through an undersea tunnel and be released about 1 kilometer off the coast.

In recent years, there is rising conversation about animal welfare with increasing concern about animals. However, disease control is still not being carried out effectively. It is hard to discuss the specific plan of the domestic animal shelter and pet shop due to limited information about their present condition. Thus, we analyzed existing data and suggested a new disease control system. Disease management reports of pet shops and animal shelters investigated by local government and animal protection organizations were the main reference of this study. As the euthanasia rate of shelters has recently decreased, animals stay in shelters for extended periods. As a result, mortality rate from disease has increased. Also, many animals in pet shops die due to health problems. In animal shelters, there is always a certain proportion of individuals with disease, and many shelters do not treat them or vaccinate animals before infection. In pet shops, information such as each individual’s health condition and vaccination records is not properly disclosed, and contagious pathogens are detected in hygiene tests. In order to improve the condition, each animals’ information should be dealt with using a system based on ICT technology. Also, it is necessary to perform antibody tests and infectious disease kit tests provided by local governments, set up breeding environment manuals, and supervise the management of local governments.

The livestock industry continues to grow around the world, but livestock odor is becoming an environmental problem that is difficult to solve. In this review paper, the current status of the domestic livestock industry, livestock odor complaints, mediation cases involving environmental disputes related to livestock odor, livestock odor management policies and standards, livestock odor sources, major odor compounds, and emission characteristics are summarized. Domestic meat supply and meat consumption per capita are increasing, and livestock farms are becoming large-scale and intensive. Livestock odor complaints increased 4.5 times over the last five years (2014-2019), and its proportion to total odor complaints was 19%-30%. Livestock facilities larger than a certain size are classified as odor emission facilities and are managed based on the Odor Prevention Act. The information presented in this paper can be used to establish strategies to promote the sustainable development of the livestock industry while resolving air quality deterioration and public health problems caused by odor emissions from livestock farms.

Recently, Japan’s government has announced Tokyo Electric Power Company’s plan to discharge contaminated water stored from the tanks of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant site into the sea. The contaminated water is treated by advanced liquid processing system (ALPS) to remove 62 radionuclide containing cesium, strontium, iodine and etc. using co-precipitation (or precipitation) and adsorption for other nuclides (except for tritium and carbon-14). The total amount of the contaminated water generated by ALPS facility is 1,311,736 m3 (as of August 18, 2022). The amount of contaminated water is estimated same as Tokyo dome volume. Under the sea discharge plan, the contaminated water will be diluted in seawater more than 100 times, and tritium concentration lowered 1/7 of the drinking water standard set by the World Health Organization (10,000 Bq/liters). The diluted water will then move through an undersea tunnel and be discharged about 1 kilometer off the coast.

According to the article 18 of NSSC notice “Regulations on the delivery of low-and intermediatelevel radioactive wastes”, the consignor shall establish and implement the quality assurance program about waste management to ensure conformity with the criteria set forth in the regulations and detailed criteria proposed by the disposal facility operator, including matters related to characterization of the waste concerned. To meet the above requirement, commercially available laboratory information management system, STARLIMS from Abbott Informatics was introduced in the late of 2019 and was customized to our standardized test method in 2020. In that time, Electronic Lab Notebook (ELN), which is an electronic system to create, store, retrieve, and share fully electronic records, was tailored to replace paper lab notebook. Scientific Data Management System (SDMS), which is computer system used to capture, centrally store, catalog, and manage data, was installed. Due to the parsing ability of SDMS, human error like mistake while data entry was reduced by extracting data from measurement sheet and exporting measurement data to designated area of ELN and this feature made work efficiency improved. Afterward, validation of STARLIMS was conducted following the procedure of user acceptance testing including Operational Qualification and Performance Qualification. As a result of these activities, STARLIMS has been officially operated and applied to means to manage test results since 2021. In 2021, for user-friendly environment, updating STARLIMS was also conducted by applying SDMS to import data from other radiometric measurements including gas proportional counter (GPC), liquid scintillation counter (LSC), and low-energy Ge detector (LEGe) besides HPGe detector for gamma measurement. From implementation to operation, it is confirmed that STARLIMS has been providing reliable and stable platforms to manage laboratory information regarding measurement records and playing a significant role in tool to meet the quality assurance required.

Due to the large-scale production and use of synthetic chemicals in industralized countries, various chemicals are found in the aquatic environment, which are often termed as micropollutants. Effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been identified as one of the major sources of these micropollutants. In this article, the current status of occurrence and removal of micropollutants in WWTPs and their management policies and options in domestic and foregin countries were critically reviewed. A large number of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and industrial chemicals are found in WWTPs’ influent, and are only partially removed by current biological wastewater treatment processes. As a result, some micropollutants are present in WWTPs’ effluents, which can negatively affect receiving water quality or drinking water source. To better understand and assess the potential risk of micropollutants, a systematic monitoring framework including advanced analytical tools such as high resolution mass spectrometry and bioanalytical methods is needed. Some Western European countries are taking proactive approach to controlling the micropollutants by upgrading WWTP with enahnced effluent treatment processes. While this enahnced WWTP effluent treatment appears to be a viable option for controlling micropollutant, its implementation requires careful consideration of the technical, economical, political, and cultural issues of all stakeholders.

National concerns about air pollution are growing. The importance of indoor air quality is emerging because people live in an indoor environment more than 90% of the day. In particular, the indoor air quality of schools needs to be managed as teenagers are vulnerable to environmental pollution. The government has designated the School Health Act in order to manage indoor air quality in schools. Air purifiers have been operated to improve indoor air quality in the classroom since 2018. In this study, we performed on-site evaluations in some classrooms, and then we proposed a plan for improving the air quality in the classroom. In this study, PM10, PM2.5, and CO2 in classrooms in Chungnam were measured to analyze the effect of air cleaner supply. A portable aerosol spectrometer (PAS, model 1.109, Grimm) and CO2 meter (TES 1370, TES) were used as measuring instruments. Schools A and B exceeded the recommended standards, while school C met the standards. The ratio of PM10, PM2.5 in classrooms A and B was 0.58 and 0.5, respectively. Correlation analysis was performed between indoor and outdoor pollutants to analyze the effects of particulate pollutants present in each classroom. First, the measured concentration of fine particles was classified according to/on the basis of factors that affect/influence the internal environment of the classroom. Then, fine dust concentrations measured at the same time as AQMS were classified with regard to the external factors. The gradients for each classroom were 1.57, 1.63, and 1.54, although there were differences in concentration, but they were relatively similar. It is necessary to develop and disseminate customized air purifiers considering the activity of the occupants of classrooms. It is important to consider the areas in which s tudents breathe when installing air purifiers in the classroom. In addition, follow-up management of air purifiers is an essential element. For efficient operation and management of indoor air quality, it is necessary to develop and disseminate standard manuals for air purifiers. It is proposed that an environmental manager should be deployed in schools to manage environmental issues. Standardization of air purifiers, management guidelines for standard manuals, and field support for environmental sheriffs should be established on a legal basis.

본 연구는 고창군의 소나무 재배 농가를 대상으로 재배관리 실태를 파악하여 산업 활성화를 위한 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 소나무 재배는 병해충관리, 수형관리, 시비 등이 중요한 과정으로 건전한 생육 상태와 상품 가치가 높은 수형 관리를 유지하는 것이 중요하다. 1년에 1회 이상 가지치기, 시비, 농약 살포 등의 관리가 이루어지고 있다. 또한 지속적으로 재배관리를 위한 비용이 투입되고 있으며 특수목 구입과 가지치기 등에 많은 비용이 사용되고 있다. 소나무 재배 농가 는 노동력 부족과 가지치기의 어려움을 지적하였다. 재배관리 현황을 기초로 소나무 생산 활성화 를 위한 방안을 제안하면 첫째, 노동력 부족의 문제를 해결하기 위한 기계화 및 스마트 시스템의 적용이 필요하다. 이를 위해서는 현재의 노지 생산방식보다는 컨테이너재배 방식이 효율적이다. 둘째, 수형 관리를 위한 가지치기 기술의 습득을 위한 지원이 요구된다. 가지치기는 소나무 품질 을 결정하는 중요한 관리기술로 전문가 의존도가 높으므로 지속적인 교육, 정보 제공 등의 지원이 이루어져야 한다. 셋째, 수요에 대응한 맞춤형 재배관리가 진행되어야 한다. 규격화된 대량 생산의 재배목과 우수한 상품성을 가진 대형목인 산채목 등으로 구분하여 수요에 적합한 품질을 갖도록 재배관리가 이루어져야 한다.