Eggs from the mosquito genus Aedes exhibit high desiccation resistance that likely facilitate spreading some of them as a vector of human disease throughout the world. However, molecular mechanism underlying the embryonic resistant to desiccation has not well understood. In this study, we performed functional study of two ovary-specific yellow genes, AalY-g and AalY-g2, in the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus. The eggs obtained from AalY-g or AalY-g2 RNAi females showed poor desiccation resistance. TEM analysis revealed that, unlike that seen in the dsEGFP-control eggs, no high electron-dense outer-endochorion was evident in the eggs from AalY-g- or AalY-g2-deficient females. These results suggest that both yellow genes at least play roles in the chorion formation, which appears to be critical for integrity and desiccation resistance in Ae. albopictus eggs.

Recently, it has been reported that plants produce variety of phytochemicals against insect pests as a part of their defencemechanism. In this study, to identify novel compounds that disrupt juvenile hormone (JH) receptor complex, plant essentialoil compounds were tested using in vitro yeast two-hybrid system transformed with the Aedes aegypti JH receptor complex.Among the plant essential oil compounds, farnesol interfered with pyriproxyfen-mediated binding of A. aegypti Met-FISC.In contrast, farnesyl acetate induced the binding of A. aegypti Met-FISC. Also, both compounds caused retardation ofovarian development and change of transcription level in female A. albopictus. These results could provide insights onthe plant-insect coevolution and may be useful for the development of insect specific and safe pesticides.

We evaluated the larvicidal and nematicidal activities of 48 3-acylbarbituric acids analogues against the Asian tigermosquito, Aedes albopictus and the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, organisms of increasing global concern.Among 48 3-acylbarbituric acids analogues, four compounds 10, 14d, 14g, and 19b showed >90% larvicidal activity againstAe. albopictus at 10μg/mL concentration, and one (compound 10) showed the strongest larvicidal activity against Ae. albopictus,with a LC50 value of 0.22μg/mL. Only compound 18 showed strong nematicidal activity against pine wood nematode.Most active compounds possessed similar physicochemical properties; thus, actives typically had ClogP values of around1.40-1.50 and rel-PSA values of 16-17%.

The eggs of Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, possess high desiccation resistance, which could lead rapidly spreading this mosquito across the world. Melanization and/or hardening of mosquito eggshell are critical for desiccation resistance to protect embryo from adverse environment. Dopachrome-conversion enzymes (Yellows) catalyze melanin synthesis in insects. Here we report functional importance of two ovary-specific yellow genes, AalY-g and AalY-g2, in desiccation resistance of Ae. albopictus egg. Loss of function of these genes by RNAi causes the fragile exochorion and delay initial melanization of the endochorion. Furthermore, eggs from control females exhibit high desiccation resistance under the air-dry condition, whereas those from AalY-g- or AalY-g2-deficient females are collapsed. TEM analysis reveals ultrastructural defects in the endochorion and serosal cuticle in these eggs. The results indicate that AalY-g and AalY-g2 are critical for integrity and desiccation resistance of the Ae. albopictus egg.

Dengue is the most important arboviral disease in tropical and subtropical areas where 2.5 billion people are at risk of infection. Aedes albopictus will be a major vector transmitting dengue virus in Korea, where this virus overseas inflow is possible. We collected mosquitoes in Jeju, Busan, Gunsan, and Incheon using BG sentinel trap from April to October in 2016. Collected mosquitoes were conducted virus detection using real-time PCR method and analysis bloodmeal source of Ae. albopictus. A total of 15 species comprising 7 genera were identified and 4,854 female mosquitoes collected. The most dominant species ratio (SR) was 52.9% (Culex pippins complex) followed by 20.3% (Ae. albopictus), 10.8% (Ae. vexans nipponi) and Ochlerotatus dorsalis (3.8%). Dengue virus was not detected. Bloodmeal source of Ae. albopictus was mammals (80.9%) followed by birds (18.6) and amphibians (0.5).

We performed a survey for flavivirus infection and distribution of Aedes albopictus that known as Zika and Dengue virus vector using black–light trap and BG-sentinel trap around urban area in Korea. Mosquitoes were collected in 27 cities during March to November (twice a month) year 2016. Total numbers of mosquitoes collected 102,102 including 19 species 8 genera during collecting period. Total 21,467 Ae. albopictus was collected that 20,961(24.3%) by BG-sentinel trap and 506 (3.2%) by Black-light trap in urban area. Trap index(trap/night) of Ae. albopictus was showed highest in Hamyang (TI:992.3) and lowest in Taebaek (TI:0.3) there was only collected by Black-light trap. A total of 894 pools from all collecting Ae. albopictus were performed a Flavivirus detection. Flavivirus was not detected during study period. This study may provide basic information for surveillance of imported diseases (include Zika virus) and vectors in Korea.

Mosquitoes and hard ticks are vectors of serious diseases, but factors affecting the abundance and distribution of vector species are not well-understood. Therefore, we monitored mosquito populations from three potential mosquito habitats using black light traps and BG-Sentinel traps in Gyeonggi-do, 2016. Also, we surveyed ticks using CO2-based traps at one location in Gyeonggi-do, 2016. From the traps, we collected a total of 4,818 mosquitoes in three potential mosquito habitats, and 3,207 ticks in Gyeonggi-do. Among the collected samples, the highest density of mosquitoes were observed in August, and tick density was highest in August either. In the samples, dominant mosquitoes were Aedes vexans nipponii (Species Ratio 49%), and Culex pipens pallens (SR 25%) in mosquito habitats and dominant ticks were Haemaphysalis longicornis (SR 56%) in Gyeonggi-do. This monitoring program for vector species can help develop effective management strategy, especially under the global climate change.

The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is considered as potential vector of Zika virus in Republic of Korea (ROK). Vector control during mosquito season is one of critical factors for decline of viral transmission. Total 14 oversea travel-associated Zika cases by mosquito bite were reported throughout ROK from January to September 2016 and vector control and monitoring at surroundings of patient’s residences was carried out during three weeks after confirmation of the virus. Although population density rates of Ae. albopictus were remarkably various according to ecological surroundings, population density of Ae. albopictus near forest was higher than urban. All captured Aedes mosquitoes were used for detection of three flavivirus, Zika, Dengue and Chikunguya, using RT-PCR and any virus was not detected. Population density of Ae. albopictus decreased > 65% on average after vector control and in one area > 95% of population density decreased. Our data might reveal that vector monitoring and control at surroundings near residences of oversea travel-associated Zika patients might effectively prevent viral transmission by mosquito bite and naturalization of the virus in ROK.

We conducted a investigation for distribution and flavivirus infection of mosquitoes using black –light trap around Incheon international airport there was possible overseas inflow caused by global warming in Korea. Mosquitoes were collected once a week April to October during 6 years (2009~2015). The numbers of mosquitoes collected in Oseong and Eurwang mountain were 8,969 and 7,978 including 12 species 7 genera respectively during collecting period. Culex pipiens complex was dominant species in two collecting area as 4,621(51.5%) in Oseong and 3,761(47.1%) in Eurwang mountain. A total of 16 pools from 88 Aedes albopictus were performed a Dengue virus (DENV) detection and total 628 pools from 11,146 other mosquitoes performed a West nile virus (WNV) detection. Flavivirus was not detected during study period. This study may provide basic information for surveillance of imported diseases and vectors in Korea.

Dengue is the most important arboviral human infection worldwide. Approximately 50-100 million cases occur annually and more than 2.5 billion people are at risk of infection. This virus is possibility of overseas inflow to be high in Korea. We collected mosquitoes in Jeju, Busan, Gunsan, and Incheon using BG Sentinel trap from April to August in 2016. Collected mosquitoes were conducted virus detection using real-time PCR method. A total of 15 species comprising 7 genera were identified and 3,696 female mosquitoes collected. The most dominant species ratio (SR) was 49.4% (Culex pippins complex) followed by 21.8% (Aedes albopictus), 13.6% (Ae. vexans) and Ochlerotatus dorsalis (4.8%). Dengue virus was not detected in any mosquitoes until now.

차세대염기서열분석기(NGS)의 비약적인 발전으로 전 세계적으로 곤충유전체 연구가 매우 활발하게 진행되어지고 있다. 2015년 기준 285개의 곤충관련 유전체 연구가 수행되었는데 그 중 모기의 경우 Anopheles merus 22개, A. arabiensis 17개, A. funestus 13개, A. quadriannulatus 12개, A. culicifacies 10개, A. gambiae 7개, A. sinensis 5개, A. stephensi 5개의 유전체 프로젝트들이 수행되었거나 수행 중이다. 2015년도 하반기에는 지카바이러스 및 뎅기열 메개체인 Aedes albopictus의 유전체 관련 논문이 2편 출간되었는데 모두 draft 수준의 유전체 연구결과들이다. 대부분의 곤충 유전체 연구들은 NGS 장비 중 Hi-seq 기반 WGS (Whole Genome Shotgun) 방식으로 진행되고 있으며 표준유전체지 도 및 서열이 없어 De-Novo assembly를 통해 contig와 scaffold를 만든 후 gene prediction 및 transcriptome 매핑을 통해 얻어진 일부 유전자 서열을 이용하여 분석하는 방식의 채택하고 있어 유전자 기능 연구자들의 모든 수요를 만족하기는 어려운 실정이다. 이에 추후 진행되어질 모기 등의 매개체의 유전체연구는 고전방식을 NGS에 적용하는 방식 및 최신 개발되어진 long read 분석용 NGS의 이용 등을 적절하게 병합하여 진행하는 유전체 연구방법의 적용이 필요하다.

Pigmentation or melanization is an important physiological event in insects and is involved in cuticle tanning, wound healing and encapsulation as a defensive response. Dopachrome-conversion enzyme (DCE, Yellow) significantly accelerates the melanization of the chorion in mosquito eggs. In this study, we demonstrated functional importance of two ovary-specific yellow genes, AalY-g and AalY-g2, in the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus. The transcripts of both genes were detected in the ovary of adult females only 48-72 h after blood feeding. RNAi for AalY-g or AalY-g2 had no effect on fecundity. However, the outermost colorless exochorion of the eggs was fragile and partially peeled off, and initial melanization of the endochorion was significantly delayed. Eggs from control females exhibited high desiccation resistance, whereas those from dsAalY-g- or dsAalY-g2-treated females were collapsed (50-80%) under the air-dry condition. Ultrastructural analysis revealed abnormal morphology of the endochorion and vitelline membrane in the AalY-g and AalY-g2-deficient eggshell. These results indicate that AalY-g and AalY-g2 are critical for integrity and desiccation resistance of the Ae. albopictus eggs. This work was supported by NRFs (NRF-2015R1A6A3A04060323).

Seasonal abundance and distribution of mosquitoes and chigger mites are important for human populations. However, factors affecting the abundance and distribution of vector species are not well - understood. Furthermore, global climate change makes it difficult to predict the population dynamics of vector species. Therefore, it is important to monitor this vector species over a long period of time. In 2015, mosquitoes were collected from three potential mosquito habitats using black light trap and BG-Sentinel trap in Gyeongi-do in April through October. Also, we collected chigger mite using sherman live traps in Cheorwon, Gangwon-do in April, September and October. From the survey, we collected a total of 11,649 mosquitoes in three potential mosquito habitats, and a total of 3,656 chigger mites from 54 wild rodents. In the samples, dominant mosquito species were Aedes vexans nipponii (Species Ratio 70%), Culex pipens pallens (SR 9.8%) in Gyeonggi area and dominant chigger mite species was Leptotrombidium pallidium (SR 59%) in Cheorwon. The results of this study can serve as provide fundamental basis to develop effective management strategy under the global climate change environment.

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes transmit dengue fever and West Nile virus diseases, respectively. This study was conducted to determine the toxicity and mechanism of action of four flavonoids and seven fatty acids from Millettia pinnata (Fabaceae) seed as well as four fatty acid esters toward third instar larvae from insecticide-susceptible C. p. pallens and A. aegypti as well as wild A. albopictus. Potent toxicity was produced by karanjin, oleic acid, karanjachromene, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, pongamol, pongarotene, and elaidic acid toward C. p. pallens larvae (24 h LC50, 14.61–28.22 mg/L) and A. aegypti larvae (16.13–37.61 mg/L). Against wild A. albopictus larvae, oleic acid (LC50, 18.79 mg/L) and karanjin (35.26 mg/L) exhibited potent toxicity. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the main site of action of the flavonoids, oleic acid, and palmitic acid.,Linoleic acid and linolenic acid might act on both AChE and octopaminergic receptor. Further studies will warrant possible applications of M. pinnata seed-derived products as potential larvicides for the control of mosquito populations.

본 연구는 최근 기후변화 및 온도 상승으로 인한 열대성 매개 질병인 말라리아, 댕기열 등과 같은 모기 매개 질병 확산방제 차원의 필요성이 대두됨에 따라 우리나라에 위치 하고 있는 내륙습지를 대상으로 습지에 서식하는 수서곤충 의 모기 조절 능력을 평가하고자 하였다. 내륙습지 관련 자 료는 전국단위 평가를 위해 다각적인 문헌조사를 병행하였 다. 하지만 우리나라의 경우, 현재 실시되고 있는 전국자연 환경조사 및 전국내륙습지조사 등의 문헌을 참고하였으나 전국자연환경조사는 대부분 유수역을 대상으로 실시하였 으며, 전국내륙습지조사는 식생 위주의 조사 결과가 보고되 어 있는 실정이다. 또한 문헌별 조사방법이 상이하며, 정량 조사가 수행되지 않아 조절서비스의 비교·평가가 불가능하 였다. 따라서 본 연구진에 의해 과거부터 축적된 기존 습지 조사 자료를 바탕으로 평가하였으며, 공주시와 서천군을 대 상으로 현지조사를 실시하여 분석 데이터를 보충하였다. 기 존 습지조사 자료는 진관내동 습지, 둔촌동 습지, 덕소 습지, 무의도 습지, 문경 습지, 우포 습지 등 6개 지역단위 습지조 사 자료를 이용하였다. 현지조사 대상지역은 공주시와 서천 군에 위치한 생물다양성이 높은 자연습지, 영구습지 및 생 물다양성이 낮은 인공습지 등을 대상으로 선정하였다. 저서성 대형무척추동물의 채집은 조사지점의 유량과 물 리적인 환경 및 계절별, 우화시기의 특성을 고려하여 습지 의 정량조사 채집도구인 dredge sampler (40x20 cm, mesh size 500 ㎛)를 사용하여 실시하였으며, 1지점 당 3개의 point를 선정하여 1m 간격으로 동일 지점을 2회 긁어 채집 하였다. 현장조사를 통하여 정량적으로 채집된 저서성 대형 무척추동물의 출현종과 개체수를 기준으로 우점도, 다양도, 풍부도, HOC (노린재목-잠자리목-딱정벌레목)지수, 모기 의 비율을 산출하여 습지별 저서성 대형무척추동물의 군집 구조를 비교·분석하였다. 습지 분석 결과 문경습지에서 39종으로 가장 많은 저서 성 대형무척추동물이 출현하였으며, 덕소습지 35종, 진관내 동습지 33종, 공주시습지 32종, 우포습지 30종, 무의도습지 27종, 둔촌동습지 26종, 서천군습지 12종 등의 순으로 조사 되었다. 단위면적당 가장 많은 개체수가 출현한 지역은 덕 소습지로 752.81/㎡이 나타났으며, 문경습지 733.23/㎡, 우 포습지 579.75/㎡, 진관내동습지 503.33/㎡, 무의도습지 489.79/㎡, 공주시습지 169.08/㎡, 둔촌동습지 132.60/㎡, 서천군습지 101.67/㎡의 순으로 조사되었다. 공주시 습지 에서 출현한 저서무척추동물은 2문 3강 9목 32종으로 조사 되었다. HOC 지수와 모기류 비율과의 관계를 살펴보면, 모기류-개체수 비율이 높으면 HOC-개체수 비율이 낮게 나 타났으며, 반대로 모기류-종수 비율이 낮으면, HOC-종수 비율이 높은 경향을 나타내는 것으로 분석되었다. 서천군습 지에서 출현한 저서무척추동물은 2문 2강 8목 12종으로 조 사되었다. HOC 지수와 모기류 비율과의 관계를 살펴보면, 모기류-개체수와 종수 비율이 낮게 나타났으며, 상대적으로 HOC-개체수와 종수 비율이 매우 높게 분석되었다. 모기류 의 개체수와 종수 비율과 HOC의 개체수와 종수 비율은 서 로 상반되는 경향을 나타내고 있었다. 덕소습지에서 출현한 저서무척추동물은 3문 2강 9목 35종으로 조사되었다. 덕소 습지의 경우 전체 조사지점에서 가장 높은 개체수 현존량을 나타냈으나, HOC-개체수 비율의 경우 12.7%로 가장 낮은 HOC-개체수 현존량을 나타냈다. 이에 따라 모기류의 종수 비율 및 개체수 비율이 각각 5.7% 및 19.8%로 다소 높은 현존량을 나타냈으며, 결과적으로 아우점종이 모기류인 것 으로 나타났다. 무의도 습지에서 출현한 저서무척추동물은 3문 4강 10목 27종으로 조사되었다. HOC-종수 및 개체수 비율은 40.7%, 및 18.7%로 나타났으며, 모기류의 종수 및 개체수 비율은 3.7% 및 0.4%로 나타나 모기류 개체수 비율 이 전체 조사지점에서 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 문경 습 지에서 출현한 저서무척추동물은 3문 4강 10목 39종으로 조사되었다. 전체 조사지역 중에 가장 높은 HOC-종수 (66.7%) 및 개체수 (69.3%) 현존량을 나타냈으며, 이에 따 라 가장 낮은 모기류 종수 비율 (2.6%)을 나타냈다. 우포 습지에서 출현한 저서무척추동물은 3문 5강 11목 30종으로 조사되었다. HOC-종수 비율이 33.3%로 가장 낮은 현존량 을 나타냈으며, 모기류의 개체수 비율의 경우 32.2%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 진관내동 습지에서 출현한 저서무척추동물 은 3문 3강 10목 33종으로 조사되었다. HOC-종수 및 개체 수 비율은 각각 60.6%, 15.0%로 나타났으며, 모기류 종수 및 개체수 비율은 12.1% 및 5.6%로 나타났다. 둔촌동 습지 에서 출현한 저서무척추동물은 3문 3강 9목 26종으로 조사 되었다. HOC-종수 및 개체수 비율은 각각 61.5% 및 32.5% 로 나타났으며, 모기류 종수 및 개체수 비율은 3.8% 및 0.9%로 나타났다. 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집과 모기 군집의 상관성분석 은 총 7개의 항목에 대하여, 모기 군집의 종수 비율 및 개체 수 비율과의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 우점도지수와 모기류 종수 및 개체수 비율 모두 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 다양 도지수와 모기류 종수 및 개체수 비율은 음의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 풍부도지수의 경우 다양도지수와 마찬가지로 모 기 종수 및 개체수의 비율과 음의 상관관계를 가지는 것으 로 나타났다. 종수와 모기 종수 및 개체수의 비율은 음의 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. HOC-종수 비율과 모 기 개체군 간에는 음의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과, 모기류의 종수와 개체수는 습지별 군집지 수와 상관성을 가지고 있었으며, 우점도지수를 제외한 다양 도지수, 풍부도지수, HOC-종수, 개체수 비율 등은 모두 모 기류의 종수 및 개체수와 음의 상관관계를 나타내고 있었 다. 따라서 습지별 출현종의 다양성 및 풍부성, HOC의 종 및 개체수의 풍부성은 모기류를 생태적으로 조절하고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 습지별 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집과 모 기 군집의 상관성분석 결과 모든 항목에서 통계적으로 유의 한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 상관성 분석 결과 저서 성 대형무척추동물의 군집이 모기류를 조절하는 경향성을 나타내고 있었다.

Mosquitoes are vectors of many human diseases such as Japanese encephalitis, vivax malaria, west nile fever, dengue fever and yellow fever. However, factors affecting the abundance and distribution of mosquitoes are not well-understood. Moreover, the global climate change makes it even more difficult to address and predict the population dynamics of mosquitoes. Therefore, it is important to monitor this medically-important pest throughout landscapes over a long period of time. This study was conducted as a part of the nation-wide surveillance program to monitor insect vectors. In 2015, mosquitoes were collected using black light traps and BG-Sentinel traps in Gyeonggi-do at every two weeks from April to September. Three types of potential mosquito habitats were selected for surveillance: urban area (Suwon), cattle shed (Yongin) and wild bird refuge (Gwangju). Among the three habitats, female mosquitoes were first caught on April 4 by BG-Sentinel trap in the urban area. The highest density of female mosquitoes in the traps was recorded in July in the urban area (134 ± 84 per trap); the highest density was observed in June in the cattle shed (2473 ± 1319) and wild bird refuge (21 ± 15) (mean ± SE). The dominant mosquito species were Culex pipens pallens (91%), Aedes vexans nipponii (79%) and Anopheles sinensis (33%) in the urban area, cattle shed and wild bird refuge, respectively. The results of this study indicate that female mosquitoes were most abundant in the cattle shed habitat type. It is also noteworthy that the dominant mosquito species varied among the habitat types surveyed. This nation-wide monitoring program for medical pests will provide fundamental basis to develop effective management strategy under the global climate change environment.

We developed the smart mosquito counter device (height 1080 mm x width 560 mm x diameter 320 mm, 220V 60Hz 30 W), which can attract the blood sucking female mosquitoes by emitting CO2 gas (300ml/min), can count the number of the captured mosquitoes by an infra-red beam area sensor, can identify the some mosquito species by analyzing mosquito image patterns using RGB (Red, Green, and Blue), and can send the captured mosquitoes’ number and pictures through the CDMA module at the real time. We operated the smart mosquito device and we could know when any mosquito peak time was in a day as well as what the mosquito species are and the captured mosquito numbers are. We found that the accuracy of the smart device was about over 95% compared the real mosquito data including numbers and images and transmitted data by CDMA. Because we can know the mosquito occurrence peak times, locations, and mosquito species by this device, we can efficiently control mosquitoes at the right time, and we can alert the public for any mosquito-born diseases based on the mosquito occurrence data. We can improve the quality of mosquito vector control with the functions of this device and we will develop the smart device to identify more mosquito species.

This study was conducted to elucidate the occurrence area and the density of mosquito larvae in Eunpyeong Newtown, Seoul, Korea. Sampling of mosquito larvae was carried out 2 times using a dipping method at 130 points in august, 2014. A total of 1977.6 individuals were collected. Aedini larvae such as Stegomyia albopicta (Skuse) (=Aedes albopictus) or Hulecoeteomyia koreica (Edwards) (=Oclerotatus koreicus) were the most frequently collected than Culex spp. and the Anopheles spp. Mosquito larvae were surveyed in the street inlet (a rain drip box). The positive correlation of the larval density was found with the street inlet point with leaf mold and the depth of water. In the result of spatial statistics analysis, all points larvae collected were clustered and the tendency of spatial autocorrelation was apparent, but points over 20 individuals were dispersed. This result can be assumed that the mosquito larvae are able to occur to stagnant water in all places of this area. To control to mosquito occurrence, we think integrated methods are needed such as biological, ecological, chemical, physical control methods in various aspects.

열대와 아열대 지역에서는 모기로 인한 질병이 상습적으 로 전파되고 있다. 하지만 최근 기후변화로 인해 말라리아, 뎅구열, 황열병 등의 분포 지역이 열대와 아열대를 넘어 확 산되고 있는데, 이 질병들은 모기를 통해 인간에게 전파된 다. 오랫동안 이러한 질병 및 가려움을 유발하는 모기의 수를 줄이기 위해 퇴치기구, 식물의 추출물, 자생어류, 파장, 살충 제 등에 대한 연구가 꾸준히 이루어지고 있다. 본 실험에서 는 모기 유충인 장구벌레를 생태학적으로 제어하기 위해 자연 상태와 유사한 인공수조 34개에서 식물의 피도와 높이 를 다양하게 조합하여 모기 유충의 수를 관찰하였다. 각 수 조에서 뜰채로 1회 3번씩 채집된 장구벌레의 수를 기록하였 으며 3회 반복하였다. 장구벌레의 수는 식물의 피도가 41~60%인 지점에서 평균 2.26마리로 가장 많았고, 식물체 높이가 0~9cm인 곳에서 0.85마리로 가장 많았다. 본 연구 결과 식물의 피도가 60%이상이거나 높이가 10cm 이상인 곳에서는 장구벌레가 발견되지 않았다.

모기의 유충인 장구벌레를 식물의 피도와 식물높이를 이 용하여 효율적으로 줄일 수 있는 방법을 알아보았다. 자연 상태와 유사한 인공수조 34개에서 식생 피도와 높이에 따른 장구벌레 개체수를 측정하였다. 피도가 30% 이하인 수조 13개에서 평균 2.21마리로 매우 많았고, 피도가 30~60%인 수조 10개에서는 평균 0.6마리로 적게 관찰되었다. 70%이 상인 수조 11개에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 피도가 0일 때 평 균 15.67마리로 가장 높은 개체수를 보였다. 식물 높이에 따른 장구벌레는 식물이 없거나 수면만 덮는 0.1㎝에서 평 균1.43마리를 관찰했고, 식물 높이가 1㎝ 이상인 수조는 평 균 0.61마리로 장구벌레의 개체수가 매우 적었다.