This study was carried out to investigate seed germination and seedling of cabbage and sugar beet in four treatments of salinity including 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5％ NaCl. The results showed that different treatments of salinity had considerable effects on the germination and root and shoot length of cabbage and sugar beet. Percent of germination in both species showed significant decrease with increasing salinity up to 1.5％ NaCl. This decrease was more evident in cabbage when compared to sugar beet. The required time for germination increased with high levels of salinity. The seedling growth of both species were inhibited by all salinity levels. Particularly at 1.0 and 1.5％ NaCl, no measurable length was observed in cabbage and sugar beet. At 0.5％ NaCl root growth of both plant species was more affected as compared to shoot growth by salinity.

This study was conducted to obtain basic information of growth, chlorophyll, and Na+~;and~;K+ content of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings after transplanting in different NaCl conditions. Plants grown in pots for 8 days after germination were grown for 10 days after transplanting in 50 and 100 mM NaCl concentrations. At higher NaCl concentration, plant height, root length, dry weight and chlorophyll content were reduced with NaCl stress. Among rice cultivars, the shoot dry weight of Gancheokbyeo, Janganbyeo and Hwasungbyeo, and the root dry weight of Janganbyeo, Gancheokbyeo and Juanbyeo showed relatively low reduction compared to the other rice cultivars at 100 mM NaCl stress. The Na+ content in seedling rapidly increased with the increase of NaCl concentration but K+ contents decreased. There was a significant relationship between Na+ content and shoot and root dry weight after transplanting rice seedlings to saline conditions. The shoot and root dry weight showed highly negative relationship with the Na+/K+ ratio in saline conditions.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of salinity on the growth and development of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer) and to evaluate the inorganic ion content in Korean ginseng with different general complete fertilizer (GCF) and NaCI concentrations at two growth stages. The stem height of Korean ginseng treated with different GCF and NaCI concentrations decreased at the higher EC (2.0 dS m-1 ), but there were no significant difference in the stem diameter, the leaf length, and the leaf width among different treatments. The root growth increased with the supply of GCF. Especially, the root growth was facilitated two times at 3.0 dS ~textrmm-1 as compared to control. But the root growth more sharply decreased with NaCI treatment than GCF. The ~textrmK+ and ~textrmMg2+ content in leaves and roots increased with GCF at the early growth stage. At the late growth stage, the ~textrmK+ content in leaves decreased but the ~textrmCa2+ and ~textrmMg2+ content increased. The ~textrmCa2+ and ~textrmMg2+ content in roots increased but the ~textrmK+ content decreased. The ~textrmNa+ content in Korean ginseng increased sharply with NaCl treatment. The ~textrmNO3- content in leaves and ~textrmNH4+ content in leaves and roots increased as GCF concentration increased. The ~textrmNO3- content in leaves, stems, and roots at the late growth stage decreased as NaCl concentration increased. The ~textrmNH4+ content in leaves and roots decreased significantly at the early growth stage, but it decreased significantly in leaves and stems at the late growth stage. The root activity of Korean ginseng increased with GCF, but decreased as the EC increased with NaCl. The water potential of leaves with GCF showed no significant difference compare to control, but the water potential of leaves treated with NaCl decreased as EC increased.

A prompt gamma-ray neutron activation (PGNA) system was simulated by the Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code (MCNP-4A) to estimate the level at which the scattered photon fluence rate, the absolute efficiency of the HPGe-detector, the volume of the concrete sample and the 35Cl(n,γ) reaction rate in this sample contribute to the count rate in the NaCl concentration measurement. The n-γ fluence rates at the ST-2 beam tube exit of the HANARO reactor were used as input data, and the GAMMA-X type HPGe detector was modeled to tally 1.1649 MeV γ-rays emitted from the 35Cl(n,γ) reaction in the concrete sample. For three cylindrical concrete samples of 13.8, 46.8 and 157.1 cm3 volumes, respectively, the relations between the NaCl weight fractions of 0.1, 1, 2 and 5 % in each of the concrete samples and the 1.1649 MeV pulses created in the HPGe detector model were studied. As a result, it was found that the count rate at the same NaCl concentration nearly depends on the volume of the samples in a simulated condition of the same NaCl concentration samples, and that the linearities of the NaCl concentration calibration curves were reasonable in the narrow range of the NaCl weight fraction.

Using a SQUID magnetometer, the diamagnetic susceptibility of NaCl aqueous solution was measured with high accuracy in a magnetic field of up to 6 Tat 25±0.05℃. The NaCl concentrations adopted in this experiment were 0 (water), 7.5, 15, 23, 26.2, 26.6 and 100% (crystal) with the concentration error of ±0.04%. Experimental data was compared with the calculated value of susceptibility derived from dependence of the vapor pressure on NaCl concentration As a result, our measured value was almost in accordance with the calculated value. It was found that the diamagnetic susceptibility shows a decrease of approximately 10% within the saturated concentration (26.2%) and that the susceptibility is one of the effective cause for the concentration dependence in the gas-liquid interface deformation of the NaCl solution.

벼 내염성 품종육성의 기초자료를 얻기 위하여, 자포니카와 통일형 품종간에 염처리에 따른 초장, 건물중 및 무기성분 흡수의 경시적 변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 수경액에 NaCl을 첨가하여 시용한 결과 N과 P2O5 은 흡수저해는 적었으나, 다른 무기염류의 흡수억제는 K2O＞MgO＞CaO＞Tolal-N＞P2O5 ＞> SiO2 순으로 컷으며, SiO2 는 염수조건 에서도 흡수에 큰 영향이 없었다. 2. Na2O함량은 염처리 초기에는 함유량은 적지만 무처리 대비 흡수율이 급증하여 처리 10일에는 10배. 20일에는 16배 그리고 처리30일에는 20배 정도로 증가하고 자포니카 품종보다는 통일형 품종에서 흡수율이 높았다. 3. 염수처리에 따른 건물중 감소율은 자포니카 품종들이 통일형 품종들 보다 적었고, 자포니카 품종에서는 섬진벼＞신선찰벼＞낙동벼＞대청벼＞동진벼＞추청벼 순으로, 통일형 품종에서는 밀양30호＞가야벼＞장성벼＞칠성벼＞태백벼 순이었다. 4. 염처리에 의한 품종간 K/Na 비와 건물중 감소율과는 부의 상관을 보였다.

To examine whether salt stress would alter or not contractility of isolated rat aorta, under anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital(50 mg Kg-1 i.p.), male Sprague Dawley rats(300-330 g) were subjected to 0, 50, and 150 mM of sodium chloride at 37℃ for 60 min. where as the sham group was left at modified Krebs-bicarbonate solution. To measure contractile response of vascular ring preparation isolated from rat was determined in organ bath and was recorded on physiograph connected to isometric transducer. And the strip was checked for expression of heat shock protein(Hsp) by Western blotting. One, three and eight hours later, we measured vascular contractility of isolated rat aorta treated with KCl, phenylephrine from organ bath study. The dose-vascular responses of potassium chloride and phenylephrine showed a little augmentation by NaCl concentration in the strips exposed to NaCl for 8 hours. And the response of relaxation induced by nitroprusside and acetylcholine was not influenced by NaCl stress in isolated aorta ring for 8 hours, respectively. Expression pattern of Hsp 70 of vascular muscle in isolated rat aorta showed a little increase in 150 mM NaCl group at 8 hours after NaCl treatment but not at 3 hours, and Hsp 60 expression of rat aorta was markedly increased in 50 mM NaCl group at 8 hours after NaCl treatment. Taken together, NaCl induced dose- and time dependent accumulation of the Hsp but not affected contraction of rat aorta. These data suggest that short term high salt stress was not sufficient to induce hypertension of rat aorta..

The effects on photosynthesis of NaCl(0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 or 1.0 M) were examined in etiolated barley seedlings. Chlorophyll(Chl) a, Chl b and carotenoid contents, Chl a fluorescence and quenching coefficients of Chl fluorescence have been determined in the primary leaves of etiolated barley seedlings cultivated under low light(60 μ㏖ m-2s-1). Chl a, b, and carotenoid contents were decreased remarkably in comparison with the control at 0.4 M NaCl. However, the value of Fo and Fv were decreased at 0.6 M NaCl and the ratio of Fv/Fm were deceased at 1.0 M NaCl. Chlorophyll synthesis was seriously inhibited from 0.4 M NaCl, and the photosynthetic electron transport system was inhibited from 0.6 M NaCl. Quantum of photosystem II reaction center was inhibited at 1.0 M NaCl. The effects of NaCl on the Chl content were raised in a 6 hrs, but the effects of NaCl on the value of Fo, Fv and Fv/Fm were raised in 30 hrs. The value of qP was decreased in comparison with the control at all concentrations, but there was a small change in the value qE. These results provide evidence that NaCl inhibited effects of various concentration of NaCl were inhibited quinone redox, however, proton gradient between thylakoid membranes was little damaged.

This study conducted to elucidate the change of the cation content (Na+ , K+ , and Ca2+ ), the L-proline content, and the sugar and starch content in the stems, roots, and leaves of three cultivars of the 30 days old seedling soybeans (Glycine max L. cv. Danwonkong, Hwang-keumkong, and Kwangankong) after 100 mM NaCl stress containing 1/2 Hoaglands nutrient solution in the sand culture. The reduction of the dry matter weight after 100 mM NaCl treatment among cultivars was higher in the order of Kwangankong, Danwonkong, and Hwang-keumkong. The highest reduction of the dry matter weight was occurred at the roots among three parts of plant. The Na+ content increased with NaCl treatment in overall and specially greatly increased in roots and stems. The K+ and Ca2+ content decreased with NaCl treatment at the roots and stems. The K+ content, however, at the leaves increased in all three cultivars with the NaCl treatment. The L-proline content with NaCl stress increased greatly. The increment of the L-proline content at the stems and roots of Hwangkeumkong was lower than that of other two cultivars, K wangankong and Danwonkong. The sugar content decreased with NaCl treatment at the stems and leaves. The starch content also decreased at the stems and leaves with NaCl treatment.aCl treatment.

생홍고추 및 생홍피망의 장기저장 방법으로 HDPE 및 LDPE포장내에 시료와 함께 서로 다른 양의 NaCl을 삽입함으로써 MA저장 효과를 조사하였다. HDPE 및 LDPE 포장내의 NaCl 함량은 0 g, 15 g, 20 g, 25 g이었으며, 대조구로 무포장이 사용되었다. 홍고추 및 홍피망의 각각 50일 및 35일간 MA저장 동안 주기적으로 중량 변화와 곰팡이 발생율을 조사하였고, 저장 초기와 말기에는 색도와 경도를 측정·비교하였다. NaCl을

NaCl 농도와 온도 차이가 콩 품종들의 발아율에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. NaCl 농도가 높을수록 콩 품종들의 발아율은 감소하였으며, 온도차이에 따른 발아율은 35℃ 조건에서 가장 낮았다. 종자의 형태와 크기별로 구분한 발아율은 1.2% NaCl 처리구의 15℃ 조건에서 소립종 군이 가장 높았고, 35℃ 조건에서 는 가장 낮았다. 품종들의 발아율은 1.2% NaCl 처리구의 35℃ 조건에서 검정콩, 알찬콩, 금강콩, 화엄콩, 화성풋콩, 장미콩 등이 비교적 발아율이 높았고, 다원콩, 한남콩, 광안콩, 대백콩, 단원콩, 석양풋콩, 큰올콩, 보광콩, 장엽콩 등이 발아율이 비교적 낮았다. 콩 품종들의 발아율에 있어서 NaCl 농도와 온도간에는 상호작용 효과가 인정되어 고온과 높은 NaCl 농도일수록 발아율은 급격히 감소하였다.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of NaCl stress on nitrogen, NH4+ , and NO3- content of 4 barley cultivar seedlings that were cultured for 10 and 30 days with different NaCl levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM) contain-ing 1/4 Hoagland solutions. The sodium ion content in the shoot of barley seedlings sharply increased with an increase of NaCl concentration. After 30 days of NaCl treatment, the sodium content of the shoot at 150 mM NaCl was 27 times higher than in non-saline conditions. The sodium content in the root linearly increased with increasing NaCl concentration. Nitrogen content in the shoot linearly increased with increasing NaCl concentration, but nitrogen content in the root declined above the point where the Na+ content was 3.0 mM/g Na+ in the barley seedling. NO3- content also decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. NH4+ content in the shoot decreased with NaCl condition, but its content in the root increased with NaCl condition. A positive correlation between NO3- and NH4+ content was found in the shoot, but their relationship was negative in the root.

보리 품종들의 생리적 반응과 품종간 내염성을 이해하여 염해에 대처할 재배법 개선과 내염성 품종육성을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 본 시험을 수행하였던 바 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 월동 후 포트에 이식하여 재배한 보리를 출수 20일전, 10일전 그리고 출수기로부터 각각 10일간씩 삼투 potential이 -20 bar인 NaCl용액을 매일 관수하여 염해를 유발시킨 결과 출수기 처리에서 비교적 피해가 컸다. 2. 대조구에 대한 출수 10일전 염처리구의 비율은 평균 간장 87％, 주당수수 82％, 일수위수 92％, 천입종 94％, 수량 75％에 불과하였다. 3. 품종별 염처리 시기에 따라 반응이 매우 상이하여 알보리, 백동, 향맥은 출수기 처리에서, 그리고 올보리와 두루보리는 출수 10일전 처리에서 ,각각 수량 및 수량구성요율의 감소율이 가장 컸다. 4. 종실수량의 관점에서 공시품종의 내염성은 백동>알보리>향맥>올보리>두루보리의 순으로 백동이 내염성이 가장 높았고 두루보리가 가장 낮은 경향이었다.

본 연구는 염해의 독성(NaCl 1.3%) 경감을 위하여 식물생장조절제인 ABA와 kinetin에 벼 종자를 침종처리하여 벼 발아중 NaCl 독성에 대한 생육특성, 발아율, 전분, 당 및 유이 proline 등의 실험을 수행하였던 바 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 일반형인 일품벼의 초장은 NaCl 1.3%에서 1.3cm로 ABA 103M와 ABA 105M 처리를 제외하면 모든 처리에서 초장이 비슷하였으나 ABA 104 M 처리에서 1.80cm로 오히려 kinetin 처리보다 생육이 촉진되는 결과를 보였다. 2. 통일형인 향미벼001의 경우 초장은 NaCl 1.3%가 0.68cm인 것보다 식물생장조 정제와 농도에 따른 차이는 인정되었으나 kinetin 103M에서 생육이 가장 양호하였다. 3. 염 독성에 따른 엽록소 함량은 모든 품종에서 식물생장조절제인 kinetin 처리구가 ABA 처리구보다 높은 함량을 보였고 특히 kinetin 처리 농도에 따른 함량은 4개 품종 모두 kinetin 103M에서 높았다. 4. 전분과 당함량 변화는 일품벼의 경우 전분함량이 무처리가 NaCl 1.3% 처리보다 증가하였고 당함량은 전분함량이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 5. 유이 proline 함량은 일품벼의 경우 무처리에서는 생체 g당 2,220u mole이었으나 NaCl 1.3% 처리에서는 3.648u mole로 염해처리에서 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, 특히 ABA 103M 처리에서는 5.941u mole로 가장 높은 함량의 증가를 보였고 품종간 염해에 대한 유이 proline 함량은 일품벼, 향미벼001, 다산벼 및 고시히까리 순으로 일품벼가 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. 6. 위의 결과로 볼 때 품종에 대한 식물생장조절제인 작용은 다르게 나타났는데 전분증가는 반대로 당함량의 감소를 초래하였으며 유이 proline 함량은 식물생장조절제 처리와는 무관하게 일품벼에서 가장 민감한 반응을 보여 금후 염해에 대한 벼 생체내 반응의 유이 proline 물질대사와 NaCl에 따른 종자내의 삼투조절에 관한 연구가 수행되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

수도의 내염성 품종 안나프르나에 NaCl 50 mM을 처리하여 유도된 단백질의 분리정제를 수행하여 한 개의 새로운 단백질을 분리 정제하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다 1. 10일된 유묘에 50mM NaCl을 48시간 처리하여 유도된 단백질의 존재를 전기영동을 통하여 확인하였다. 2. FPLC를 이용한 DEAE와 phenyl column을 이용하여 순수한 정제가 가능하였고, 이 과정을 통하여 전기영동상에서 단일 밴드를 나타내는 하나의 단백질을 정제하였다. 3. 이 단백질의 분자량이 64,000이라는 것을 Se-phdex-G 100 column chromatography를 통하여 확인하였다. 4. 이 단백질에 대한 단일 항체를 조제하여 고역가 항체를 분비하는 hybridoma 세포주 3개를 작성하고 isotype등 특성을 조사하였다.