기존의 한방향 펌프는 순환과 배수를 위해 각각의 모터를 사용하지만, 양방향 펌프는 하나의 모터로 모터의 회전 방향에 따라 배수와 순환이 모두 가능하므로 원가절감이 가능하다. 하지만 양방향 펌프는 배수와 순환 시 펌프 케이싱 내부에서 역류와 흡입이 발생하여 유입된 물이 각각 배출구와 순환구로 원활하게 유출되지 못하는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 주효과 분석을 통해 배출과 순환 시 유출되는 유량과 토크에 주요한 영향을 미치는 인자를 설계변수로 선택하여 실험계획법, 근사 모델, 그리고 최적설계를 통해 펌프 케이싱 형상을 최적화함으로써 역류와 흡입은 개선하고 펌프의 토크 대비 배출구와 순환구의 유량을 증가시키는 효과를 거두었다.

The object of research is based on 1.5 MW wind turbine blade. This paper has carried out the aerodynamic shape optimization design of wind turbine blade. Based on the aerodynamic basic theory of wind turbine blade design and combined with particle swarm optimization algorithm(PSO), the design optimization model of the aerodynamic shape of blade is established. Through this study, the optimization results of the angle inducing ′ and tangential inducing  were obtained. The calculation programs are written and calculated chord length and torsion angle of the blade used by ′ and . The calculation result for the optimized wind turbine was 1.38 MW when the wind speed was 16 m/s. The 8 % error could be considered as an engineering acceptable error and the calculated values can be proved the correctness of the design value.

해양구조물 등에서 해상 현장과 육상시설 사이에 물자나 운용 인력을 수송하기 위한 수단으로 헬리콥터가 주로 이용된다. 헬리데크는 헬리콥터가 해양구조물에 착륙하기 위해 필수적으로 탑재되는 구조물로서, 해양구조물의 종류나 탑재되는 위치 등에 따라 다양한 형태의 헬리데크가 존재한다. 그 중에서 캔틸레버식 헬리데크는 해양구조물의 탑사이드 공간 확보에 용이 하며, 헬리콥터와의 충돌 등의 미연의 사고로부터 보다 안전하다. 본 논문에서는 캔틸레버식 헬리데크를 연구대상으로 선정 하고, 이를 구성하고 있는 하부 트러스 구조에 대해서 위상 최적설계를 적용하였다. 또한 상용 구조해석 프로그램을 이용하 여 유한요소 모델을 생성하고, 다양한 착륙 상황과 풍하중을 적용하여 구조해석을 수행하였다. 이를 바탕으로 헬리데크의 각 구조 부재에 발생하는 응력이 사용 재료의 허용응력을 넘지 않도록 부재의 세부 단면 치수를 결정하여, 보다 안전하면서도 경량화된 헬리데크 설계를 얻을 수 있다.

This study presents a sustainable design method to optimize the embodied energy and CO2 emission complying with the design code for reinforced concrete column. The sustainable design method effectively achieves the minimization of the environmental load and energy consumption whereas the conventional design method has been mostly focused on the cost saving. Failure of reinforced concrete column exhibits compressive or tensile failure mode against an external force such as flexure and compression; thus, optimization analyses are conducted for both failure modes. For the given sections and reinforcement ratios, the optimized sections are determined by optimizing cost, embodied energy, and CO2 emission and various aspects of the sections are thoroughly investigated. The optimization analysis results show that 25% embodied energy and 55% CO2 emission can be approximately reduced by 10% increase in cost. In particular, the embodied energy and CO2 emission were more effectively reduced in the tensile failure mode rather than in the compressive failure mode. Consequently, it was proved that the sustainable design method effectively implements the concept of sustainable development in the design of reinforced concrete structure by optimizing embodied energy consumption and CO2 emission.

Purple-fleshed potato powder (PFPP) was investigated to determine optimal mixing ratio with milk powder and dextrin to produce a ready-to-eat mashed potato powder. The rheological characteristics, color, and anthocyanin contents were studied at a different concentration of ingredients. The power-law model was applied to explain the mechanical spectra of mashed potatoes which represented the change in structure induced by different mixing ratios. Mixture design was used to obtain the experimental points used to establish the empirical models to describe the effects of each ingredient on the characteristic of the mashed potato. The results of mechanical spectra showed that both storage and loss moduli (G' and G'') were significantly influenced by PFPP and milk powder concentration. The power law parameters n' and n'' showed higher values for the mashed potato with a lower concentration of PFPP and a higher concentration of milk powder, which showed that the gel networks involved in the mashed potato were weaker. The optimum mixing ratio with the highest redness and anthocyanin content, while maintaining the rheological properties similar to the commercial mashed potato, was determined as PFPP:milk powder:dextrin = 90.49:4.86:4.65 (w/w). The proportions of PFPP and milk powder in the formulation significantly changed the characteristics of mashed potato, whereas no significant effect of dextrin was observed in this formulation.

Purple-fleshed potato powder (PFPP) was investigated to determine optimal mixing ratio with milk powder and dextrin to produce a ready-to-eat mashed potato powder. The rheological characteristics, color, and anthocyanin contents were studied at a different concentration of ingredients. The power-law model was applied to explain the mechanical spectra of mashed potatoes which represented the change in structure induced by different mixing ratios. Mixture design was used to obtain the experimental points used to establish the empirical models to describe the effects of each ingredient on the characteristic of the mashed potato. The results of mechanical spectra showed that both storage and loss moduli (G' and G'') were significantly influenced by PFPP and milk powder concentration. The power law parameters n' and n'' showed higher values for the mashed potato with a lower concentration of PFPP and a higher concentration of milk powder, which showed that the gel networks involved in the mashed potato were weaker. The optimum mixing ratio with the highest redness and anthocyanin content, while maintaining the rheological properties similar to the commercial mashed potato, was determined as PFPP:milk powder:dextrin = 90.49:4.86:4.65 (w/w). The proportions of PFPP and milk powder in the formulation significantly changed the characteristics of mashed potato, whereas no significant effect of dextrin was observed in this formulation.

The purpose of this study was to optimize dough properties using response surface methodology (RSM) and to demonstrate the performances of dough prepared under optimized conditions. Dough mixed with yeast, margarine, salt, sugar and wheat flour was prepared by fermentation process. Hardness, cohesiveness and springiness of dough were selected as critical quality attributes. The critical formulations (yeast and water) and process (fermentation time) variables were selected as critical input variables based on preliminary experiment. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used as RSM. As a result, the quardratic, the squared and the linear model respectively provided the most appropriate fit (R2>90) and had no significant lack of fit (p>0.05) on critical quality attributes (hardness, cohesiveness and springiness). The accurate prediction of dough characteristics was possible from the selected models. It was confirmed by validation that a good correlation was obtained between the actual and predicted values. In conclusion, the methodologies using RSM in this study might be applicable to the optimization of fermented foods containing various wheat flour and yeast.

The purpose of this study was to optimize dough properties using response surface methodology (RSM) and to demonstrate the performances of dough prepared under optimized conditions. Dough mixed with yeast, margarine, salt, sugar and wheat flour was prepared by fermentation process. Hardness, cohesiveness and springiness of dough were selected as critical quality attributes. The critical formulations (yeast and water) and process (fermentation time) variables were selected as critical input variables based on preliminary experiment. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used as RSM. As a result, the quardratic, the squared and the linear model respectively provided the most appropriate fit (R2>90) and had no significant lack of fit (p>0.05) on critical quality attributes (hardness, cohesiveness and springiness). The accurate prediction of dough characteristics was possible from the selected models. It was confirmed by validation that a good correlation was obtained between the actual and predicted values. In conclusion, the methodologies using RSM in this study might be applicable to the optimization of fermented foods containing various wheat flour and yeast.

In this paper, it is covered in detail the process of generating structural alternatives with geometry change and its optimization by StrAuto. The main roof structure of the Exhibition Center is modelled parametrically and the optimal alt is derived by observing volume changes according to geometry change of main roof truss. Existing studies performed optimization process through sections and properties due to the limitations of shape change, but this study have meaning of performing the optimization with geometry changes which is the most critical skills of StrAuto. By the process of securing a sufficient margin by geometry changes and reducing volume with the optimization of sections, despite of a partial optimization of large space structure, it could be reduced by 11.7% of the total volume.

The object of research in Based on 1.5MW wind turbine blade. This paper has carried out the aerodynamic shape optimization design of wind turbine blade. Based on the aerodynamic basic theory of wind turbine blade design and combined with particle swarm optimization algorithm, the design optimization model of the aerodynamic shape of blade is established. The calculation programs are written by use of MATLAB and calculate chord length and torsion angle of the blade. Then the shape of wind turbine blade is obtained. As research we can know that the chord length is decreased after optimization design of wind turbine blade, The optimized blade not only meets the actual manufacturing requirement, but also has the largest wind energy utilization coefficient.

An injection unit is the important part which guide the melted resine into the mold. Once injection molding is performed, there will be a pressure of 33 MPa built up inside of injection cylinder body. It was confirmed that the crack occurs by internal stress on the 9 mm material when the machine is used for long time. Because the cylinder rod has material thickness of 9~12 mm during manufacturing process on the cylinder body, there would be 3 mm thickness differences. In this experiment, IDEAS, a computer aided structure analysis software, is used to present the optimized design condition. Insert rod with inner diameter of 9 mm was set as a normal and vary 3 mm in x, y axis direction. When the internal pressure of 33 MPa occurs at the injection unit, fix the x and y direction and find out the stress acting only in z axis. It was confirmed that the stress of 45~82 N/mm 2 was built up when the left of cylinder body had been set 9 mm by using a structure analysis. Also, it has been verified the thickness of the material on the left need to be greater and equal than 12 mm to prevent a material crack by an internal stress.

Seismic design of braced frames that simultaneously considers economic issues and structural performance represents a rather complicated engineering problem, and therefore, a systematic and well-established methodology is needed. This study proposes a multi-objective seismic design method for an inverted V-braced frame with suspended zipper struts that uses the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II(NSGA-II). The structural weight and the maximum inter-story drift ratio as the objective functions are simultaneously minimized to optimize the cost and seismic performance of the structure. To investigate which of strength- and performance-based design criteria for braced frames is the critical design condition, the constraint conditions on the two design methods are simultaneously considered (i.e. the constraint conditions based on the strength and plastic deformation of members). The linear static analysis method and the nonlinear static analysis method are adopted to check the strength- and plastic deformation-based design constraints, respectively. The proposed optimal method are applied to three- and six-story steel frame examples, and the solutions improved for the considered objective functions were found.

본 논문은 확장된 프로젝션 기법을 사용한 위상 최적설계 방법을 다루고 있다. 다양한 형상과 길이 스케일을 가지는 프로 젝션 함수를 개발해 위상 최적설계 기법에 적용시킴으로써, 복합재료의 설계에서 형상 및 크기가 미리 주어진 보강재의 최 적 배치를 위상 최적설계를 통해 결정할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 이와 같은 프로젝션 기법이 균질화법과 결합되어 체적 탄성률 또는 전단탄성률 등의 유효 재료특성을 최대화시키는 단위 구조를 설계함으로써, 주기 구조를 가지는 복합재료에서 보강재의 최적 배치를 결정하고 그 유효 재료특성값을 수치적으로 계산할 수 있음을 여러 수치 예제들을 통해서 검증하였다.

본 논문은 확장된 프로젝션 기법을 사용한 위상 최적설계 방법을 다루고 있다. 다양한 형상과 길이 스케일을 가지는 프로젝션 함수를 개발해 위상 최적설계 기법에 적용시킴으로써, 복합재료의 설계에서 형상 및 크기가 미리 주어진 보강재의 최적 배치를 위상 최적설계를 통해 결정할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 이와 같은 프로젝션 기법이 균질화법과 결합되어 체적탄성률 또는 전단탄성률 등의 유효 재료특성을 최대화시키는 단위 구조를 설계함으로써, 주기 구조를 가지는 복합재료에서 보강재의 최적 배치를 결정하고 그 유효 재료특성값을 수치적으로 계산할 수 있음을 여러 수치 예제들을 통해서 검증하였다.

Sea cucumber (SC) or Stichopus japonicas is widely used in East Asia as a traditional medical component for the treatment of asthma, arthritis, and sinus congestion. The hydrolysate of SC (HSC) after treatment with a protease is also widely used as an ingredient for processed food application such as noodles. Tensile force and deformation are important texture properties of noodle. The peptides prepared by hydrolyzing SC could affect the tensile properties of noodle, as well as DPPH radical scavenging. The objectives of this study were to characterize the tensile properties, the texture properties, color, and DPPH radical scavenging of noodle with HSC and to determine an optimum formulation of dough with HSC for noodle. The HSC was prepared by hydrolyzing dried SC powder with distilled water (DW) and a protease, Protamex (Novozyme Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Danmark). The tensile properties and antioxidant activity were used as major constraint functions for the optimization. The optimum ratio was determined as flour:water:HSC=69.27:22.48:7.05 (w/w). Increasing the amount of HSC in the formulation increased the tensile force but no significant difference was observed in the deformation.

다단 분리막 공정은 압력변환, 열교환, 수분제거등을 위한 공정 설비들과 연계 운영된다. 또한 sweeping 가스를 도입하기도 하고, 분리막 연결 형태를 변경 하기도 하며, 압력비등을 조절하기도 한다. 따라서, 분리막 공정설계는 막 면적 및 운전 압력을 결정을 포함하여 다단 분리막의 configuration 선정, 분리막 소 재의 선택, 공정의 시스템적 구성, 부가 설비와의 통합 설계 등 여러 설계 요소 들을 통합적으로 분석하며 최적 공정을 구성하게 된다. 본 발표에서는 컴퓨터를 활용한 모델링, 전산 모사 및 최적화를 통해 최적의 분리막 공정 및 운전 조건 을 도출하는 기법들을 설명하며, 이러한 전산적 설계 기법들을 분리막 공정 스케일업과 신공정 개발에 활용하는 방안에 대하여 소개하고자 한다.

This paper presents the approach of design parameters optimization based on Taguchi method for the uniformity of outlet pressure in a plasma discharge chamber. The key issue of a plasma discharge chamber is to have the uniformity of outlet pressure which can make a high performance of surface treatment. To extend the length of a outlet from 60mm to 250mm with the uniformity, This study optimally designed the middle holes, outlet width and height, and diameter of the second chamber by using SolidWorks and flow simulation tool. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.

물 수급 불균형현상을 극복하기 위해 해수담수화 공법 중 적은 에너지를 소모하는 역삼투분리막 공정이 사용되고 있다. 하지만 분리막을 통과할 수 있는 구동압력이 요구되어 전기에너지가 필요하고 효율적인 운전비용 사용을 위한 최적의 공정설계가 필요하게 된다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 역삼투 분리막 공정을 전산 모사하는 분리막과 관련 설비들의 대한 수학적 모델링을 수행하고, 공정의 최적화를 위해 성능이 다른 분리막을 연계하여 단일 vessel을 구성하거나, 단일 vessel 내 유입∙유출 경로 조건을 변경하거나, 여러 분리막 vessel을 다단으로 구성하는 방안 등에 대하여 시스템적 관점으로 비교하고 분석하였다. 이를 통해 분리막의 종류와 구성에 따른 공정의 경제성 및 분리 성능을 향상시키는 방안을 도출하였다.