본 연구에 사용된 표본은 1989-2013년간의 67개 피투자국에서 운영되는 1,979개의 한국 다국적기업의 2,913개의 해외법인들로 구성되어 있다. 제도적 환경차이 하에서 지식거리가 해외법인 소유구조에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 실증분석하였다. 한국 다국적 해외자회사의 소유지분 형태를 종속변수로, 지식거리를 ‘기술지식 선진국 직접투자시 지식거리의 역할’와 ‘기술지식 후진국 직접투자시 지식거리의 역할’ 두 개의 세부차원을 독립변수로 설정하여 패널분석을 시행 하였다. 분석결과 투자기업의 본국보다 기술지식면에서 우월한 국가에 직접투자시, 본국과 피투자국 간에 지식거리가 멀수록 진입전략으로써 균등소유지분(50:50)이나 소수지분형태로 투자하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 투자 기업의 본국보다 기술지식면에서 열등한 국가에 직접투자시, 본국과 피투자국 간에 지식거리가 멀수록 진입전략 으로써 다수지분형태로 진출하는 것으로 나타났다. 통제변수로 본 모회사 규모와 자회사 규모 및 연령, 피투자국의 시장규모, 시장성장률 및 정치적 안정성의 계수들에서는 모두 양의 유의한 결과가 나타났다. 이 결과는 모회사와 자회사의 규모가 크고, 진출한 피투자국의 시장규모와 시장잠재성장률이 높고, 안정된 사업 환경을 가질수록 다수지분의 형태를 취하는 것으로 판명되었다. 한편 기타 변수들, 즉 모기업 연구개발집중도, 광고집중도, 국제경험 등은 유의한 결과가 나타나지 않았다.

I investigate whether the efficient ratios used as the proxies of the agency costs maintained by Ang et al.(2000) is significant. Utilizing a sample of 77 manufacturing companies listed on the KOSDAQ from the TS2000 of the KSDA, The results are as follows

합작투자 기업의 지분 구조 변화는 합작 기업에 대한 경영권과 통제권의 변화를 초래한다는 측면에 합작 투자 파트너에게 중요한 의미를 가진다. 합작기업의 경영 성과는 이러한 지분 구조 변화를 비롯한 합작투자 기업의 동태적 구조변화에 중대한 영향을 미칠 수 있는 변수임에도 불구하고 일부 연구에서 지분구조의 변화와 합작 기업의 성과와의 관계에 대한 가설을 제시하는 수준에 그쳐 실증적 뒷받침이 없었을 뿐만 아니라, 그 방향에 대해서도 상반된 예측이 가능하여 이에 대한 엄밀한 실증 연구가 필요하다. 또한 합작투자 기업의 성과가 지분 구조의 변화에 영향을 미침에 있어서 초기 지분 구조가 지분 구조 변화를 용이하게 하거나 어렵게 만드는 조절 변수로서 작용할 가능성에 대해서도 연구된 바가 없다. 이러한 선행연구의 한계를 보완하기 위해 본 연구에서는 1985년에서 1989년 기간 중 국내에 투자한 합작투자기업을 대상으로 실증분석을 실시하였다. 실증 분석 결과 첫째, 산업평균에 비해 합작투자기업의 성과가 양호하거나 부진할 수록 지분구조의 변화 가능성이 증가하였다. 둘째, 합작투자기업의 성과가 지분구조 변화에 영향을 미침에 있어서 불균등 지분 구조인 기업이 균등 지분 구조인 기업보다 성과로 인한 지분 구조의 변화 가능성이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 실증결과에 의거할 때 합작투자기업의 성과와 지분구조의 변화간에는 단순 선형적 관계가 아나라 산업평균과 비교하여 편차가 클수록 지분구조의 변화 가능성이 증가하는 관계가 존재하는 것으로 확인되었다. 더불어 합작투자기업의 초기 지분구조는 이후 지분구조의 변화를 촉진하거나 억제하는 조절변수로서의 역할을 하는 것으로 확인되었다.

This study aims to investigate the direct relationship between ownership structure, earnings manipulation, and organizational performance, and then examine the mediating effect of earnings manipulation in the relationship between ownership structure and organizational performance. This study collected and analyzed secondary data published in financial reports related to all insurance organizations listed in the Jordanian market during the study period (from 2009 until 2018). A panel data analysis was conducted, giving a total of 200 observations. The findings of this study concluded that ownership concentration, foreign ownership, and organization size affect organizational performance proxied by ROA, ROE, and EPS, more specifically, ownership concentration and organization size have a positive effect, whereas foreign ownership has a negative effect. At the same time, board of director ownership, organizational ownership, and CEO compensation did not affect organizational performance. Next, the board of director ownership, ownership concentration, foreign ownership, and CEO compensation affect earnings manipulation separately. In addition, earnings manipulation positively affects organizational performance proxied by ROA, ROE and EPS. This means that the higher the earnings manipulation is, the higher the organizational performance is. Finally, earnings manipulation mediates the relationship between ownership concentration and foreign ownership of ownership structure, and organizational performance.

This study empirically examines the effect of ownership structure on bank diversification and risk-taking behavior. The population of this study is based on all commercial banks listed in Bangladesh. Thirty-two conventional commercial banks were randomly selected from thirty-three conventional banks for this study. Data was collected from the annual reports of the concerned banks from 2000 to 2017. To analyze the data, we had applied the two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimator. The results of the analysis show that ownership structure i.e. managerial ownership, institutional ownership, general public ownership, and ownership concentration have a significant negative impact on bank diversification. On the other hand, institutional ownership, managerial ownership, and general public ownership have a significant positive impact on Z-score, and ownership concentration has an insignificant but positive impact on the Z-score of banks in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study opposes the benefits of diversification and promotes ownership structure which is capable of ensuring better financial stability by reducing the probability of risk. The policy-makers especially, Bangladesh banks should evaluate the fact of this study to issue guidelines on corporate governance, bank diversification, and risk-taking behavior of commercial banks.

The aim of this study is to estimate the impact of ownership structure on the performance of listed firms in transition economy. Buiding upon agency theory, hypotheses on such relationship are proposed. A detailed panel data of 502 non-financial companies listed on Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange and Hanoi Stock Exchange over the period from 2013 to 2018, and the system generalized method of moment estimation are employed to test the proposed hypotheses. To ensure the reliability of data, this study excludes companies that violate information disclosure regulations or that are subject to special supervision by the State Securities Commission of Vietnam. Some firms with inadequate information, firms that lack the financial data required for creating variable or firms that have inconsistent construction are also re-screened. We only collect the data of enterprises that have ownership structure of two or more components. Estimation results reveal that state ownership has an U-shaped relationship with the performance of Vietnamese listed firms, while foreign ownership and the degree of ownership concentration have an inverted U-shaped relationship with listed firms’ performance. The article provides governance implications that Vietnamese listed firms should decrease state ownership and foreign ownership to improve firm performance in order to boost investors’ confidence.

This study is concerned with the relationship between firm’s ownership structure and the co-movement of the stock return with the market return. Four different types of firm ownership, including managerial ownership, state ownership, foreign ownership, and concentrated ownership, are among the main features of the company’s governance mechanism and have been separately documemented in the previous research to understand their impact on stock price synchronicity. We constructed the regression model, using stock price synchronicity as the dependent variable and the above four components of ownership structure as explanantory variables. The pooled OLS, the fixed effects model, and the random effects are employed to investigate the outcome of the study. Data used in the reserch are of public firms listed on the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange (HOSE) during the five-year period term from 2015 to 2019. The data sample contains 235 companies from 10 industries with 1135 observations. The results revealed by the fixed effects model, the large ownership and the managerial ownership are found to have adverse effect on the stock price synchronicity, whereas the foreign ownership model is revealed to have positive influence on the stock return co-movement. The effect of the state ownership on the stock price synchronicity is not confirmed.

The study aims to investigate the impact of ownership structure on corporate voluntary disclosure in the listed companies of Bangladesh. While many studies on the impact of ownership structure on voluntary disclosure have looked at developed and developing countries, few studies have been carried out in a transition economy. Using a three-step relative voluntary disclosure index, the study applies a multivariate analysis on the cross-sectional data for the year 2018. The findings indicate that the quality of voluntary disclosure in transition economy is still below average but has improved compared to findings from the previous literature. We found a significant inverse relationship between corporate voluntary disclosure and public ownership, while no significant relationships between voluntary disclosure and institutional ownership, director ownership, and foreign ownership have been found. The empirical findings of the study will provide evidence to promote the voluntary disclosure characterized by the ownership structures. The findings have important implications for both local and foreign investors as they make their investment decisions especially related to a transition economy. Besides, the findings will assist, not only the corporate executives in rearranging their reporting paradigm, but also the regulators and governments in similar transition economy in adopting and formulating their corporate policies and strategies.

The research objective of the paper is to clarify the factors influencing system risks of listed companies in Vietnam, with a focus on clarifying the relationship and quantifying the impacts of ownership structure on systemic risk of listed companies. The data used in this study included financial statements and stock price data of listed companies on the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange and Hanoi Stock Exchange of Vietnam stock market in the period from 2010 to 2017. The paper used the method of estimation in establising the regression models to choose among three models: Random Effect Model, Fixed Effect Model or Pooled OLS for regression using Stata statistical software. The research results showed that state ownership and ownership by foreign investors were positively related to systemic risk, while ownership by domestic investors had a reverse relationship with systemic risk of listed companies in Vietnam. In addition, as a control variable, both company size and profitability had an effect on the systemic risk of listed companies in the research sample. Based on the research results, the authors interpreted some of the implications in order to minimize systemic risks in the operation of listed companies in Vietnam.

This study examines the impact of corporate governance on capital structure decisions based on a large panel of Chinese listed firms. Using the system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator to control for unobserved heterogeneity, endogeneity, and persistency in capital structure decisions, we document that the ownership structure plays a significant role in determining leverage ratios. More specially, we find that managerial ownership has a positive and significant impact on firms’ leverage, consistent with the incentive alignment hypothesis. We also find that managerial ownership only affects the leverage decisions of private firms in the post-2005 split share reform period. State ownership negatively influence leverage decisions implying that SOEs may face fewer restrictions in equity issuance and may receive favourable treatments when applying for seasoned equity 􀂿nancing, thus use less debt. Furthermore, our results show that while foreign ownership negatively influences leverage decisions, legal person shareholding positively influences firms’ leverage decisions only for state controlled firms. We also find that the board structure variables (board size and the proportion of independent directors) do not influence firms’ capital structure decisions. Our findings suggest that recent ownership reforms have been successful in terms of providing incentive to managers through managerial shareholdings to take risky financial choices.

Few prior studies investigated the correlation between corporate ownership structure and environmental information disclosure. Using environmental index disclosure in GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) reports of the Korean companies, the study examines the effects of ownership structure on the magnitude of environmental information disclosure. A total of 220 firm-years during 2013-2016 period are analyzed. The empirical results of the study indicate that the institutional and foreign investors’ ownership have positive correlations with environmental information disclosure, while the executives' within board of directors has a negative correlation. The ownership by largest shareholders including those with special interests shows no significant relationship with the environmental information disclosure.

This paper explores the impact of corporate control, measured by ownership structure, on top-executives’ compensation in Japan. According to agency theory, the pay-performance link is expected to be affected by the firm’s ownership structure. Using a sample of 4,411 firm-year observations (401 firms for the 11-years period from 2001 to 2011) for Japanese non-financial firms publicly traded on the first section and second section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE), this study demonstrates that institutional ownership (both financial and corporate) is negatively related to the level of executives’ compensation. Such finding is in line with efficient monitoring hypothesis which claims that the presence of institutional shareholders provides direct monitoring over managers, limits managerial self-dealing and curves the increase in top-executives pay. On the other hand, the results also show that managerial ownership is positively related to their compensation which supports managerial power theory hypothesis, i.e. management-controlled firms are more likely to extract more compensation from the business than other firms. Overall, this study confirms that corporate control has significant impact on cash compensation paid to Japanese top-executives after controlling the conventional pay-performance relationship.

Purpose – In this article, a dynamic model like a VAR is an appropriate choice for estimating the possible interrelationship between ownership structure and firm performance as a dynamic process. Research design, data, and methodology – Data of this work are collected from Chinese stock exchange including 350 Chinese-listed firms during the period of 1999-2012. We hypothesize that this interrelationship dynamically exists between ownership structure and firm performance. To examine the correlation, a panel Vector Auto-regression (PVAR) approach generated by GMM method is utilized to test the possible dynamic relation embedded in corporate governance. Another two dynamic analysis solutions such as orthogonalized impulse-response function and variance decomposition are also used simultaneously. Results – Findings of this study indicate the evidence that dynamically endogenous relationship exists between ownership structure and firm performance. Further, there is a dynamical correlation between investment and performance. Impulse response and variance decomposition illustrate that impact of a shock to variables themselves is the main source for their variability. Conclusions – The conclusion in this study is that there is a bidirectional and inter-temporal effect between proportion of ownership and corporate performance for a long run in accordance with impulse response function. Overall, our results suggest that corporate governance in China is more market oriented.

Purpose This study first explores – the possible dynamic relationship between ownership structure and firm performance using a panel of 4,900 Chinese-listed small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from 1999 to 2012. Research design, data, and methodology – We address this issue through a dynamic panel model using a method of moments (GMM) technique and dynamic simultaneous equations to alleviate the potential endogenous problem: unobserved heterogeneity, simultaneity, and dynamic endogeneity. Results – Under the framework of dynamic endogeneity, firm performance has a significantly positive influence on ownership, but not vice versa. Ownership and performance can be explained by their owned lagged values, respectively. Moreover, intertemporal endogeneity exists among ownership, investment, and performance through the application of system dynamic equations, which implies that the relationship among ownership structure, investment, and firm performance is dynamic by nature. Conclusions – This study also significantly contributes to a better understanding of dynamic corporate governance by providing further empirical evidence from the largest capital market in the Asian region.