분단 시기 동독과 서독의 취학 전 아동교육에서 나타난 차이 및 협력 의 내용과 의미, 통일 이후 동서독 취학 전 아동교육의 통합과정과 특징, 통일 전후의 독일 사례가 우리에게 주는 시사점을 분석하였다. 이를 위 해 독일의 문헌 및 통계자료를 활용했다. 분단에도 서독에서는 취학 전 아동교육을 부모가 담당하는 전통이 이어졌다. 반면 동독은 국가 주도의 취학 전 아동교육을 통해 체제순응적인 인간형을 만들고자 노력했고 국 가 전반적으로는 성과를 거두었다. 다만 서독 교회의 지원으로 유지된 동독 교회에서의 취학 전 아동교육은 기독교에 기초해 사회를 바라보고 동독 체제를 비판하는 토양이 되었다. 교육을 담당했던 성직자, 교육을 받은 아동들이 자라나 동독 변화와 붕괴의 주역이 되었다. 통일 이후 취 학 전 아동교육은 자유와 창의를 중시하는 서독식으로 통합이 진행되었 다. 다만 여성의 사회진출 증가로 아동교육에 대한 수요가 증가하자 동 독에서와 같이 국가의 역할이 커졌다. 동독과 달리 북한의 경우 취학 전 아동에 대한 인도주의적 지원이 절실하다. 지원은 북한의 변화와 통일을 위해서도 반드시 필요하다. 우리가 독일과 같은 ‘자유민주적 기본질서’로 통일된다면, 북한의 취학 전 아동교육은 우리식으로 바뀌어야 한다. 통일 이후 북한 여성노동력의 활용에 따라 아동교육에 대한 수요도 증가할 가 능성이 크다. 따라서 북한의 취학 전 아동교육 시설은 국가 전반적 통합 계획에 따라 정비･폐쇄･확대가 이루어져야 한다.

본 연구는 2022년 2월 24일 러-우크라이나 전쟁 발발 이후의 러시아 문화정책의 변화와 특징을 고찰한다. 러시아의 문화정책은 우크라이나와 전쟁을 시작한 이후 강력한 민족주의적 성향을 보이며 우경화되고 있다. 우크라이나 전쟁 이후 한국과 러시아는 상호 비우호국가로 지정하여 얼 어붙은 양국 관계와 국제 정세 속에서도 여러 분야의 K-콘텐츠는 러시 아 사회에서 선전하고 있으며 경제적인 효과까지 창출하고 있다. 아직까 지 러시아 사회에서 한국의 대중문화는 러시아 청년들의 하위문화로 주 류문화에 영향을 줄 만큼 폭발적인 반응을 보이는 것은 아니지만 그 수 요는 기하급수적으로 증가하고 있다. 대한민국 정부는 양국의 대중문화 분야의 인적·물적 교류 활성화를 전제로 실리적이고 실효성 있는 방안을 고려해야 한다.

This study explores EFL English learners’ reactions and achievements when exposed to two types of online learning, pre-recorded lectures and real-time lectures, in a semester-long English reading class. The participants were 60 Korean university English learners who attended both types of online lectures for six weeks each. They studied three parts: reading comprehension for top-down and bottom-up reading skills, grammar, and vocabulary. Midterm and final exams assessed the learners’ achievements, and one online survey was conducted to investigate their reactions. The results showed that the participants preferred to study recordings and were most satisfied with their grammar studies in recorded lectures but preferred real-time lectures for reading comprehension. The study also found that they attained better scores on top-down reading skills and vocabulary learning through recorded lessons and higher scores on bottom-up reading skills and grammar learning through real-time lectures. Finally, the study shows the participants preferred to attend a combination of both online methods. This study suggests salient online learning ways for an English reading course.

The present study aimed to explore how pre-service teacher’s individual regulatory focus orientation, currently emerging as an interesting learner variable for language learning, could influence their Englishspeaking abilities. English teaching demonstration videos of 67 pre-service teachers were analyzed in terms of pronunciation, accuracy, and fluency. The regulatory focus orientations of participants were evaluated using a questionnaire. The results of data analysis, using multiple regression analysis, indicated that promotion-focus orientation was a significant positive predictor for pronunciation, fluency (words per minute, ratio of dysfluency), and accuracy (lexical errors, ratio of error-free AS-units). On the other hand, prevention-focus orientation did not emerge as a statistically significant factor affecting accuracy. However, it was observed to have a negative influence on both pronunciation and fluency. In light of the research findings that highlight the favorable impact of a promotion-focus orientation, suggestions were made for future teacher training programs aimed at enhancing the English proficiency of pre-service teachers.

Painting pretreatment is an important task in determining the life of painting as it removes rust or foreign substances from the painting surface and gives adhesion between the painting surface and the painting surface. Since painting pretreatment is an important task, IMO strictly requires that the painting pretreatment surface be maintained at a Sa 2.5 grade and the surface roughness is 30μm~75μm. Painting pre-processing is an important task that determines the lifespan of a painting, but it is done through visual inspection by the inspector, and the quality varies depending on the inspector. In this study, in order to develop a quality measurement system for the painting pretreatment surface, Matlab2023b was used to determine the range of appropriate quality brightness by comparing the brightness of the painting pretreatment surface and surface roughness.

Approximately 40,000 elevators are installed every year in Korea, and they are used as a convenient means of transportation in daily life. However, the continuous increase in elevators has a social problem of increased safety accidents behind the functional aspect of convenience. There is an emerging need to induce preemptive and active elevator safety management by elevator management entities by strengthening the management of poorly managed elevators. Therefore, this study examines domestic research cases related to the evaluation items of the elevator safety quality rating system conducted in previous studies, and develops a statistical model that can examine the effect of elevator maintenance quality as a result of the safety management of the elevator management entity. We review two types: odds ratio analysis and logistic regression analysis models.

학교교육에서 인공지능 교육을 위한 국가 정책이 강화되고 있는 상황에 서 인공지능교육의 실천 주제인 교사, 그리고 예비교사들의 역할 변화와 중요성이 그 어느 때 보다 강조되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2020 년~2023년까지 수행된 예비교사 및 교사 대상 인공지능 교육 연구 현황을 분석함으로써 인공지능교육의 활성화를 위해 요구되는 연구의 방향과 과 제를 제안하는데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위하여 총 71편의 논문을 대상으로 하여 출판연도, 학술지, 교사 분류, 연구방법, 연구주제를 기준으로 분석을 진행하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연도별 논문 편수는 2020년에 10편, 2021년에 16편, 2022년에 17편, 2023년에 28편으로 2023년 들어 큰 폭의 증가세를 나타냈다. 둘째, 게재된 학술지는 학습자 중심교과교육학회가 14개로 가장 많았고 한국정보교육학회, 한국컴퓨터교 육학회 순이었다. 셋째, 교사 구분에 있어서는 예비교사를 대상으로 한 연구 가 26편, 현직 교사를 대상으로 한 연구가 43편이었고 초등 교사 대상 연구 가 중등 교사에 비해 많았다. 넷째, 연구방법은 설문 등을 활용한 조사연구 가 절반이 넘는 비중을 차지하였다. 다섯째, 연구주제는 인공지능 및 인공지 능과 관련된 경험과 인식 연구가 가장 많았고 다음으로 교사의 역량도출과 진단, 교사교육에 대한 연구가 뒤를 이었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 교 사 대상 인공지능 교육연구의 확대, 특히 중등교사 대상 인공지능 교육 연구 활성화, 예비교사의 교육과정 체계 개선 연구, 질적 연구 및 인공지능교육의 실제적 맥락을 반영한 연구의 필요성 등 관련 시사점을 제안하였다.

In this study, we introduce the validation of the analysis guidelines through preliminary experiments of the draft analysis guidelines before analyzing waste materials (non-combustible). This validation data was applied the accuracy and efficiency of the separation and analysis for the waste such as steel generated from NPP. Steel (non-flammable) was leached the mixed acid and the leaching solution was separated by using the separation guidelines. Steel was corroded with radioactive RM (Co-60, Cs-137) and mixed acid. After drying, the corroded steel was measured the initial radioactivity by a HPGe detector (10,000 seconds). The sample was inserted in a beaker and leached with mixed acid (10 M HNO3 + 4 M HCl) for 2 hours. In this solution, it added 2 ml of H2O2 to increase the leaching effect. The ultrasonic device was adjusted so that the temperature does not exceed 60°C. After elution, the surface of the sample was washed with pure water. The weight of the sample was measured accurately, and recorded the weight loss rate after infiltration. The leaching sample was measured radioactivity by a HPGe detector (10,000 seconds). It was calculated the recovery rate based on the difference in total radioactivity before and after leaching. Before the test, radioactive RM (Co-60, Cs-137) was radioactive deposited by corrosion, but Cs- 137 was not detected in the initial gamma measurement and only Co-60 nuclides were deposited. The recovery rate test results were confirmed to be about 100%.

In the decommissioning process of nuclear power plants, Ni-59, Ni-63 and Fe-55 present in radioactive waste are crucial radionuclides used as fundamental indicators in determining waste treatment methods. However, due to their low-energy emissions, the chemical separation of these two radionuclides is essential compared to others. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the suitability of various pre-treatment methods for decommissioning waste materials by conducting characteristic assessments at each chemical separation stage. The goal is to find the most optimized pre-treatment method for the analysis of Ni-59, Ni-63 and Fe-55 in decommissioning waste. The comparative evaluation results confirm that the chemical separation procedures for Fe and Ni are very stable in terms of stepwise recovery rates and the removal of interfering radionuclides. However, decommissioning waste materials, which mainly consist of concrete, metals, etc., possess unique properties, and a significant portion may be low-radioactivity waste suitable for on-site disposal. Considering that the chemical behavior and reaction characteristics may vary at each chemical separation stage depending on the matrix properties of the materials, it is considered necessary to apply cascading chemical separation or develop and apply individual chemical separation methods. This should be done by verifying and validating their effectiveness on actual decommissioning waste materials.

본 연구는 예비유아교사 일상에서 의미 있는 장소성을 탐색하고자 수행 되었다. 이를 위해 2023년 4월 2주부터 4주까지 예비유아교사 19명이 참여하였다. 연구 참여자에게 가장 의미 있는 장소 사진(이미지), 이유에 대한 자료를 수집하였다. 최종 90장의 사진과 텍스트가 분석에 사용되었 으며 수집 자료는 빈도 분석 및 내용분석을 하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 예비 유아교사가 일상에서 의미화한 장소 빈도 분석한 결과, 음식점이 가장 높게 나타났고 이어 여행지, 집 등의 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, 예비유아교 사 일상에서의 장소성은 음식점, 여행, 자연을 포함하는 회복과 힐링의 장소, 가상공간 게임, OTT 플랫폼 등을 포함하는 즐거움과 행복감의 장 소, 술자리, 회식, 인스타그램을 포함하는 소통과 구심의 장소, 교육봉사 기관을 포함하는 책임과 도전의 장소로 의미화되었다. 이상의 결과를 토 대로 예비유아교사의 안녕감과 시간 관리 행동 지원을 위한 논의를 하고 예비유아교사의 자기 이해, 대학 생활 적응, 사회적 교류 증진을 위한 시사점을 제시하였다.

Structural inversion refers to the reverse reactivation of extensional faults that influence basin shortening accommodated by contractional faults or folds. On the Korean peninsula, Miocene inversion structures have been found, but the Cretaceous rocks on Geoje Island may have undergone inversion as early as the Upper Cretaceous. To evaluate the structural inversion on Geoje Island, located on the eastern side of South Korea, and to determine the effects of preexisting weakness zones, field-based geometric and kinematic analyses of faults were performed. The lithology of Geoje Island is dominated by hornfelsified shale, siltstone, and sandstone in the Upper-Cretaceous Seongpori formation. NE and NW-oblique normal faults, conjugate strike-slip (NW-sinistral transpressional and E-W-dextral transtensional) faults, and NE-dextral transpressional faults are the most prominent structural features in Geoje Island. Structural inversion on Geoje Island was evidenced by the sinistral and dextral transpressional reactivation of the NW and NE-trending oblique normal faults respectively, under WNW-ESE/NW-SE compression, which was the orientation of the compressive stress during the Late Cretaceous to Early Cenozoic.

본 연구의 목적은 예비 지구과학교사들이 지질도에서 단층을 판별하는 동안 그들이 사용하는 내용 지식과 문제해결 과정을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 연구자들은 시선 추적기(Tobii Pro Glasses 2 모델)를 활용하여 예비 지구과학교사들 (N=12)이 단층 해석에 대한 문제를 해결하는 동안 그들의 시선 고정 시간, 시선 경로에 대한 자료를 수집하여 분석하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 그들은 정단층, 역단층, 주향이동단층 등에 대한 개념은 인지하고 있지만, 대부분의 예비 지 구과학교사들은 지질도에서 단층 해석에 필요한 절차적 지식은 인지하고 있지 않다. 둘째, 예비 지구과학교사들은 지질도에 서 단층을 해석하기 위해 지질 단면도를 그리지 않았고, 3차원적 정보가 아니라 지질도에서 수집한 2차원적 정보를 바탕으 로 단층을 판별하였다. 그러므로 차후 교육 현장으로 진출하는 예비 지구과학교사들이 자연현상에 대한 이해와 더불어 그 자연현상을 이해하는데 필요한 절차적 지식을 학습할 수 있도록 교수학습환경을 개선할 필요가 있다. 그리고 본 연구의 결 과는 차후 새로운 교육과정을 구성하거나 교사 교육에 대한 자료를 개발하는데 실질적으로 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구에서는 수산물 시료 중 Salmonella spp. 검출을 위해 단시간의 전배양(2시간 이내)과 탈염과정을 포함한 DNA 추출법을 사용하여 분자생물학적 검출을 위한 수산 물 전처리 방법에 대해 연구하였다. 배양 시간에 따른 증 균 효율을 탐색하기 위해 100, 101 및 102 CFU/mL농도 의 Salmonella spp. 5종을 NB 0.5에 접종하여 증균 전, 1시간 및 2시간 동안의 증균 효율을 비교하였다. 그 결 과, 2시간 동안 모든 농도에서 약 1 log CFU/mL가 증균 되어 초기 농도와 유의적인 차이가 나타났다. 또한 지역 별 패류시료에 S. Typhimurium을 인위적으로 감염시킨 뒤 DNA를 추출하여 염농도를 측정한 결과, 모든 시료의 염농도가 0%로 DNA 추출과 동시에 탈염이 이루어진 것 을 확인하였다. 이후 추출한 DNA를 사용하여 PCR을 수 행한 결과 모든 시료에서 S. Typhimurium의 특이적 양성 밴드가 확인되었다. 다음으로 수산물 시료 중 Salmonella spp. 검출을 위한 증균 과정과 탈염을 포함한 DNA 추출 방법의 검증을 위해 멸균 홍합시료 및 비멸균 홍합시료 에 Salmonella spp. 5종을 인공적으로 약 100, 101, 102 CFU/g의 농도로 오염시켜 전배양과 DNA를 추출하여 PCR로 특이적 증폭 밴드의 여부를 확인한 결과, 모든 농 도의 Salmonella spp. 5종에서 특이적 밴드가 확인되었다 . 결과적으로 본 연구에서 제시한 전배양 및 DNA 추출 방법을 포함한 전처리 방법과 PCR을 사용하여 수산물 시 료에서 10 CFU/g 미만의 Salmonella spp.를 검출하였으 며, 시간과 비용면에서 효율적이며 과정이 복잡하기 않기 때문에 수산물의 처리 현장에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기 대된다.

Natural uranium-contaminated soil in Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) was generated by decommissioning of the natural uranium conversion facility in 2010. Some of the contaminated soil was expected to be clearance level, however the disposal cost burden is increasing because it is not classified in advance. In this study, pre-classification method is presented according to the ratio of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) and contaminated uranium in the soil. To verify the validity of the method, the verification of the uranium radioactivity concentration estimation method through γ-ray analysis results corrected by self-absorption using MCNP6.2, and the validity of the pre-classification method according to the net peak area ratio were evaluated. Estimating concentration for 238U and 235U with γ-ray analysis using HPGe (GC3018) and MCNP6.2 was verified by 􀟙-spectrometry. The analysis results of different methods were within the deviation range. Clearance screening factors (CSFs) were derived through MCNP6.2, and net peak area ratio were calculated at 295.21 keV, 351.92 keV(214Pb), 609.31 keV, 1120.28 keV, 1764.49 keV(214Bi) of to the 92.59 keV. CSFs for contaminated soil and natural soil were compared with U/Pb ratio. CSFs and radioactivity concentrations were measured, and the deviation from the 60 minute measurement results was compared in natural soil. Pre-classification is possible using by CSFs measured for more than 5 minutes to the average concentration of 214Pb or 214Bi in contaminated soil. In this study, the pre-classification method of clearance determination in contaminated soil was evaluated, and it was relatively accurate in a shorter measurement time than the method using the concentrations. This method is expected to be used as a simple pre-classification method through additional research.

The nuclear facilities at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) have generated a variety of liquid radioactive waste and most of them have low-level radioactive or lower levels. Some of the liquid radioactive waste generated in KAERI is transported to Radioactive Waste Treatment Facility (RWTF) in 20 L container. Liquid radioactive waste transported in a 20 L container is stored in a Sewer Tank after passing through a solid-liquid separation filter. It is then transferred to a very low-level liquid radioactive waste Tank after removing impurities such as sludge through a pre-treatment device. The previous pre-treatment process involved an underwater pump and a cartridge filter device passively, but this presented challenges such as the inconvenience of having to install the underwater pump each time, radiation exposure for workers due to frequent replacement of the cartridge filter, and the generation of large amounts of radioactive waste from the filter. To address these challenges and improve efficiency and safety in radiation work, an automated liquid radioactive waste pre-treatment device was developed. The automated liquid radioactive waste pre-treatment device is a pressure filtration system that utilizes multiple overlapping filter plates and pump pressure to effectively remove impurities such as sludge from liquid radioactive waste. With just the push of a button, the device automatically supplies and processes the waste, reducing radiation hazards and ensuring worker safety. Its modular and mobile design allows for flexible utilization in various locations, enabling efficient pre-treatment of liquid radioactive waste. To evaluate the performance of the newly constructed automated liquid radioactive waste treatment device, samples were taken before and after treatment for 1 hour cycling and analyzed for turbidity. The results showed that the turbidity after treatment was more than about four times lower than before treatment, confirming the excellent performance of the device. Also, it is expected that the treatment efficiency will improve further as the treatment time and number of cycles increase.

In the late 80s, non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear, chemical, and biological, became an internationally important issue, and in order to keep pace with the international situation, Korea amended the Foreign Trade Act in 1992 to legislate the export control of strategic goods. In addition, Korea joined the NSG, one of the international export control regimes, in 1995, and nuclear power operators are required to obtain export licenses in accordance with the NSG export control guidelines. In the nuclear export business, technical documents, equipment, materials, SW, etc. are exported to the importer, and the export items may include strategic items designated by the NSG, so operators must check whether they are strategic items and, if so, obtain an export license in accordance with foreign trade laws that reflect the NSG export control guidelines. In the case of processing and exporting goods or materials imported from another country, exporters must fulfill complex nuclear export control procedures, including obtaining the original supplier’s consent for re-transfer. In recent years, the international situation on export control has been more sensitive than ever, including the Russo-Ukrainian war, the U.S.-China semiconductor supremacy dispute, and U.S. lawsuits against domestic companies related to original technologies. In the worst-case scenario, a company may not be able to fulfill a contract due to export control issues. In order to facilitate the smooth export business of operators when exporting nuclear energy, ‘Nuclear Export Control Pre-Consulting’ is proposed to check compliance with export control requirements in advance and provide operators with customized export control implementation plans reflecting business characteristics. Through the pre-consultation, issues, requirements, and preparatory documents related to nuclear export control can be checked before the export business starts in earnest, i.e., when the decision to participate in the business is made, and the business can be supported to export smoothly by complying with the export control system. The most important aspect of pre-consultation is that domestic nuclear exporters need to know and apply for the program. To this end, the program will be actively promoted online and offline, and support will be provided for easy application through NEPS. In addition, procedures and outcomes will be continuously refined to ensure that the program is a means of ensuring full compliance with international nuclear non-proliferation norms for nuclear exports.

Because magnets fabricated using Nd-Fe-B exhibit excellent magnetic properties, this novel material is used in various high-tech industries. However, because of the brittleness and low formability of Nd-Fe-B magnets, the design freedom of shapes for improving the performance is limited based on conventional tooling and postprocessing. Laserpowder bed fusion (L-PBF), the most famous additive manufacturing (AM) technique, has recently emerged as a novel process for producing geometrically complex shapes of Nd-Fe-B parts owing to its high precision and good spatial resolution. However, because of the repeated thermal shock applied to the materials during L-PBF, it is difficult to fabricate a dense Nd-Fe-B magnet. In this study, a high-density (>96%) Nd-Fe-B magnet is successfully fabricated by minimizing the thermal residual stress caused by substrate heating during L-PBF.