This study amied to determine the effect of species and seed mixture on productivity, botanical composition and forage quality in middle mountainous region (Geosan) pasture. Total seven experimental pastures (T1 : Orchardgrass, T2 : Timothy, T3 : Tall fescue, T4 : Perennial ryegrass, T5 : Kentucky bluegrass, T6 : Timothy + Orchardgrass + Tall fescue + Alfalfa, T7 : Timothy + Orchardgrass + Kentucky bluegrass + White clover) were established in autumn, 2014 and evaluated for productivity and agronomic characteristics for 2015. Plant heigh was high in Orchardgrass and Perennial ryegrass pasture. Dry matter (DM) content was high in Kentucky bluegrass. Botanical composition in 1st harvest was high in shrub, but the grass composition was high in 2nd and 3rd harvest. Fresh and DM yield were higher in Orchardgrass and Perennial ryegrass (p<0.05); whreras, Kentucky bluegrass was the lowest. In seed mixture pasture, yields of T6 plot (Tall fescue) were higher than those of T7 (Kentucky bluegrass). Average CP (crude protein) content of 2nd and 3rd cutting time was 16.91 and 14.79%, respectively and Kentucky blue grass was the highest in 3rd cutting time by 17.57%. IVDMD (in vitro dry matter digestibility) showed low in 1st cutting and Kentucky bluegrass was the lowest in every cutting time. TDN (total digestible nutrient) content was the highest in 3rd cutting and the lowest in 1st cutting. These results indicated that Orchardgrass, Perennial ryegrass and T6 are recommendable for productivity and Timothy, Perennial ryegrass and T7 are recommendable for forage quality.

This study was conducted to determine grazing intensity of growing Korean native goats (Capra hircus coreanae) on mountainous pasture. It was carried out to obtain basic information for improvement of mountainous pasture management and establishing feeding system of Korean native goats. Castrated, male goats (n=10) with average initial body weight (BW) of 23.33±2.15kg and an average age of 4 months were used in this study. Grazing goats were supplemented by concentrates with 1.0% of BW. The crude protein content of forage was the highest in October (22.71±0.25%) and there were significantly differences (p<0.05) in monthly comparison. The forage productivity of pasture was the highest from May to June (1718.7±207.5~ 1672.0±422.8 kg/ha) but it was decreased in July (1356.0±103.8 kg/ha) because of drought and summer depression. Average daily gains (ADG) of goats were the highest in June (99.5±6.4 d/g). Grazing intensity was calculated by forage productivity and dry matter intake (DMI) and was the highest in May (65 head/ha). As shown in the results of this research, grazing intensity was suggested to average 39 head/ha from May to October. It is desirable that adequate grazing intensity was maintained by adjusting supplemental feed.

This study was carried out to determine the effect of mixed pasture using domestic varieties orchardgrass ‘Kodione’ and tall fescue ‘Purumi’ on forage yields and botanical composition from 2013 to 2015 in middle region of Korea. The following mixed pastures were used in this study: treatment A (orchardgrass oriented mixture with imported varieties), treatment B (orchardgrass oriented mixture), treatment C (orchardgrass and tall fescue oriented mixture), treatment D (tall fescue oriented mixture), treatment E (tall fescue oriented mixture without orchardgrass), treatment F (only orchardgrass), and treatment G (only tall fescue). In botanical compositions at last cutting time in 2015, treatment A had orchardgrass at 7.1%, tall fescue at 47.9%, kentucky bluegrass at 15.2% and white clover at 25%. Meanwhile, treatment B had orchardgrass at 25.9%, tall fescue at 47.0%, kentucky bluegrass at 4.9% and white clover at 18.3%. Consequentially, in botanical composition from 2014 to 2015, treatment A was changed more compare to other treatments B, C, D and E. The average of dry matter (DM) yield for 2 years of treatment E (18,369 kg/ha) was the highest among the seven treatments, but there was no significant difference among other treatments except treatment A (p>0.05). The crude protein (CP) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of treatment A were 14.5% and 74.8%, and treatment E were 14.1% and 73.0%, respectively. The content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were lower in treatment E and A than other treatments, and treatment E showed high content of total digestible nutrient (TDN). Therefore, tall fescue oriented mixture using domestic tall fescue variety Purumi had good forage productivity, quality and botanical composition in middle region of Korea for the establishment of grassland.

This study was conducted to find out the effects of Improvement of Botanical Composition Technology (IBCT) on the forage production and ecological characteristics in a Rumex acetosella-dominated hilly pasture in Pyeongchang, in a period from August 2013 to the end of growing season in October 2015. 2MT ha－1 limestone was applied in August 2013 and April 2014. Liming significantly increased soil pH from 4.69 to 5.47 and then the soil pH consistently hovered at 4.91~4.98. For every grazing time, plant height was found to be higher with the application of IBCT as compared with the control. After grazing, no significant difference in plant height was found between the IBCT group and the control. Changes in the botanical composition of grassland can be affected by a lot of circumstances, but application of IBCT decreased Rumex acetosella from 12% to 2%, while also increasing the proportion of pasture. In relation to the botanical composition of grass, orchardgrass and timothy showed the highest percentages throughout the whole study period. The proportion of Kentucky bluegrass increased over time while tall fescue steadily decreased. The totals for grazing days were 58 in 2014 and 55 in 2015. Average herbage dry matter intake was 7,848 kg ha－1 in 2014 and 6,941 kg ha－1 in 2015. Due to the application of IBCT, dry matter productivity showed a significant increase of 59% during the first grazing period in 2014 (3,437 kg ha and 5,460 kg ha in control and IBCT). In 2015, the total dry matter yield of the IBCT group was 51% greater than the control (5,742 kg ha－1 and 8,685 kg ha－1 in control and IBCT). Under acidic soil conditions, red sorrel can grow more strongly than grasses because it has better tolerance in dry and acidic conditions. Therefore, constant management is required in order to keep red sorrel from dominating the hilly pasture. In this study, the application of IBCT was able to effectively control weeds at all points. As a result, total management, including improvement of soil, overseeding, and application of selective herbicide and fertilizer, is needed to maintain excellent grassland conditions due to the limiting effects of environmental factors on grassland productivity.

data. Recent developments in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology provide cost effective and real time applications for site specific data collection. For the mapping of herbage biomass (BM) on a hill pasture, we tested a UAV system with digital cameras (visible and near-infrared (NIR) camera). The field measurements were conducted on the grazing hill pasture at Hanwoo Improvement Office, Seosan City, Chungcheongnam-do Province, Korea on May 17 and June 27, 2014. Plant samples were obtained from 28 sites. A UAV system was used to obtain aerial photos from a height of approximately 50 m (approximately 30 cm spatial resolution). Normalized digital number (DN) values of Red and NIR channels were extracted from the aerial photos and a normalized differential vegetation index using DN (NDVIdn) was calculated. The results show that the correlation coefficient between BM and NDVIdn was 0.88. For the precision management of hilly grazing pastures, UAV monitoring systems can be a quick and cost effective tool to obtain site-specific herbage BM data.

본 연구는 근적외선분광법을 이용하여 우리나라에서 재배되고 있는 목초류 중 외형적 특성이 유사한 이탈리안 라이그라스, 페레니얼 라이그라스와 톨 페스큐 종자의 초종 판별 가능성을 검토하고자 수행되었다. 근적외선분광기를 이용하여 목초류 종자를 가시파장 대역대(680~1,099 nm), NIRS 파장 대역대(1,100-2,500 nm) 및 NIRS 전체 파장 대역대(680-2,500 nm)로 구분하여 스펙트라를 얻은 후 1차 미분과 8 nm gap으로 수 처리를 수행하였으며 부분최소자승(PLS) 회귀분석법을 통해 초종판별 검량식을 개발하고 판별 정확성을 검증하였다. 목초류의 초종판별 정확성은 가시파장대역에서 SECV 1.732, R2CV 0.96으로 가장 판별 정확성이 낮았으며 NIRS 전체 파장대역에서 SECV 1.182, R2CV 0.98로 가장 높은 판별 정확성을 나타내었다. 파장대역별 예측 정확성은 NIR 파장대역(1,100-2,500 nm)에서 교차검증오차(SECV) 1.319에서 예측 오차(SEP) 1.288로 낮아졌으며 가시영역대(680~1,099)는 SECV 1.732에서 SEP 1.749로 약간 높아졌다. Discrimination equation 분석법에 의한 NIRS 전체 파장대역별 목초류 초종의 판별 결과는 초종간에 판별 정확성의 차이가 크게 나타났으며 이탈리안 라이그라스의 ‘Hits’는 68%로 가장 낮았으며 페레니얼 라이그라스가 78%의 정확성으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 따라서 NIRS를 이용한 목초류 초종의 판별분석이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

본 연구는 흑염소 사육을 활성화하고 경영의 효율성을 높일 수 있는 산지초지의 활용성 제고를 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 우리나라 흑염소 방목 이용 농가(20호)에 대한 실태조사를 실시하였다. 야초지로 이루어진 방목지의 경우 계절별 초지 생산성이 여름에 가장 높았으며(p<0.05), 봄철과 가을철에는 급격하게 저하되었다. 반면 목초지로 이루어진 방목지의 초지 생산성은 봄철에 가장 높은 생산성을 나타냈으며 가을철에 생산성이 다소 저하(p<0.05)되긴 하였지만, 대체적으로 계절별 생산성의 차이가 야초지 방목지에 비해 완만하여 비교적 안정적인 생산성을 나타내고 있었다. 계절별 방목지 초지의 사료가치 비교 결과 목초지의 경우 계절에 상관없이 안정적인 건물함량을 나타냈고, 야초지는 봄에서 가을로 갈수록 건물함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 조단백질 함량은 목초지의 경우만 가을철에 증가하였고(p<0.05), 야초지의 경우에는 봄에 비해 여름과 가을에 감소하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 목초지의 경우 야초지에 비해 상대적으로 조지방 함량은 높고 조섬유소 함량은 낮은 경향을 나타냈다. 계절에 따른 농장별 흑염소의 일당증체량은 농장별 초지 생산성 및 초지관리 기술에 따라 다양한 차이가 나타났다. 결과적으로 흑염소 사육의 활성화와 경영의 효율을 높이기 위하여 방목 야초지를 우수한 사료가치를 가지고 있을 뿐 아니라 계절별 생산성의 변화도 적은 방목 목초지로 갱신 및 조성을 해 나가야 할 필요성이 있으며, 산지초지의 효율적 이용을 위해서 초지관리 기술의 메뉴얼화와 보급으로 초지 생산성의 개선을 추구할 수 있는 방안이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구는 오차드그라스와 톨 페스큐 혼파초지에서 비축 시기별(8월 1일, 15일, 30일) 으로 처리하여 11월 중순경(11.10∼11.12)에 수확할 때 목초의 비축시기에 따른 생산량과 목초의 사료 가치 등을 비교하기 위해 수행하였다. 목초 비축시기에 따른 오차드그라스와 톨 페스큐 혼파초지(동량 혼파초지)의 건물수량은 8월하순구가 2,983.0kg/ha으로 가장 높은 경향을 보였다. 목초의 비축시기가 늦어짐에 따라 목초의 생산량도 증가하였으나 유의성이 인정되지는 않았다. 조사료의 조단백질은 16.5∼18.16%으로 목초 비축시기별로 일정한 경향을 나타내지 않았다. NDF와 TDN는 비축시기가 늦을수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나 유의성이 인정되지는 않았다. 반면에 ADF 비율은 목초 비축시기가 감소함에 따라 점차 감소하는 것으로 나타내었으나 유의성이 인정되지는 않았다. 무기물의 변화는 비축 기간이 증가할수록 P, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn이 증가하였고 반면에 Mn, Cu는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 결과적으로 8월 초순부터 초지를 비축할 경우 고온으로 인한 생육 위축으로 목초의 수량증가는 기대하기 어렵다. 따라서 제주도에서 가을철에 활용하기 위한 초지를 비축할 경우에는 8월 하순 이후에 시작하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 사료된다.

본 시험은 남부지역 논에서 벼 대체 목초류인 리드카나리그라스, 톨 페스큐, 페레니얼 라이그라스, 레드 크로버, 이탈리안 라이그라스, 헤어리 베치 등 6초종과 톨 페스큐 혼파를 실시하였다. 공시초종 중에서 이탈리안 라이그라스는 습해에 강하며, 생초수량과 건물수량은 각각 67,368 kg/ha, 17,677 kg/ha으로 공시초종 중에서 최고 수량을 보여 논 재배에 가장 적합한 초종이었다. 톨페스큐는 습해 및 영속성이 우수하고 생초수량과 건물수량이 각각 5

본 시험은 중부지역 논에서 벼 대체 목초류인 리드카나리그라스, 톨 페스큐, 페레니얼 라이그라스, 레드 크로버, 이탈리안 라이그라스, 헤어리 베치 등과 톨 페스큐 혼파를 실시하였다. 논 재배에 적응성과 수량성 및 영속성에서는 톨 페스큐 초종이 우수하였으며 단파 보다는 톨 페스큐 혼파에서 여러 가지 생육특성이나 우수하였는데 특히 수량 측면에서도 생초수량이 ha당 84,294 kg, 건물수량이 20,644 kg으로 가장 우수한 초종이었고 단파에서도 특히 톨페

A study was conducted to determine the effects of the cattle manure (CM) application on the botanical composition and micro-mineral contents (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) of grazing pasture at the experimental field of Livestock Division, Subtropical Animal Experiment Station, National Institute of Animal Science from year 2003 to 2005. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment consisted of T1: 100% chemical fertilizer (CF 100%), T2: 50% CF +50% CM, T3: 25% CF +75% CM, T4: 100% cattle manure (CM 100%), T5: 100% CM (1st yr.)+ 100% CF (2nd yr.) + 100% CM (3rd yr.), T6: 100% CM (1st yr.)+ 100% CF (2nd yr.)+ 100% CF (3rd yr.). The botanical composition of grassland for grass, legumes, and weeds showed that the rate of legumes was increased in all treatments. The weeds rate in T4 was the highest in comparison to the other treatments. For micro-mineral contents T5 showed the highest average Fe contents of 262.08 ppm and T1 showed the lowest (199.20 ppm). Mn contents was the highest in T1 among the other treatments. Zn contents was the highest in T3 as compared with other treatments. Cu contents was the highest in T6 as compared with other treatments. The results of this experiments indicated that micro-mineral contents of change was effect of legumes increased than treatment

본 연구는 2007년 6월 23일부터 6월 29일까지 제주도에 위치한 말 목장의 방목지에서 말의 연령에 따른 군별 행동양식을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 공시마는 육성마군 3세 11두, 육성마군 1세 12두를 대상으로 행동을 조사하였다. 연령에 따른 행동의 차이가 약간 나타나 육성마(1세) 군에서는 채식이 56%, 기립 23%, 횡와 10%, 보행 5%, 러닝 2.5%, 음수가 3%였다. 육성마 1세의 3두의 개체별 행동발현은 개체차이가 나타났으며 비율의 평

본 연구는 경주마 생산 육성에 중요한 종빈마의 패독과 방목지에 있어 군별 및 개체별 행동양식을 조사하여 경주마 사양관리의 기초자료로 활용하기 위해 실시하였다. 방목 중인 포유 종빈마군에서는 채식이 62%, 기립 휴식이 31%, 음수가 3%, 횡와 휴식이 1%, 보행이 1%, 수유 행동은 2%가 발현되었는데 러닝은 발현되지 않았다. 포유 종빈마 개체별(3필) 행동발현비율의 평균은 채식이 295분으로 55%, 기립 휴식이 193분으로 36%, 보행과 음수가

This experiment was conducted to compare forage production and grass intakes of warm season grasses for grazing horses in Jeju. The experimental field located at 450m altitude(Jeju Horse Training Center of Korea Racing Association) was divided into 3different treatment plots(3replications) without a fence between treatments, and sown by three treatments(bermudagrass, bahiagrass, bermudagrass+bahiagrass mixture). Three castrated adult horse a were kept on pasture from the 1 of October to the end of October without supplementary concentrates. 'Bahiagrass' cultivar showed the highest dry matter (DM) yield with 8,887㎏/㏊ than those in other treatments (bermudagrass 8,699, bermudagrass+bahiagrass mixture 8,385㎏/㏊). The percentage of grass intakes was higher in the treatment of bahiagrass(92%) than those in other treatments(bermudagrass+bahiagrass mixture 89, bermudagrass78%). The results indicate that the warm season grasses of bermudagrass, bahiagrass, bermudagrass+bahiagrass mixture can be used for grazing pasture of horses in the Jeju.

This study was carried out to find out the effect of establishment or renovation of organic pasture by hoof and tooth cultivation with Korean native goat. This study was conducted from August, 2005 to the end of growing season in 2008 at test field of RDA in Cheonan. Experiment design composed with 4 treatment : Standard(Control, T1), Grazing after application cattle manure(T2), Application cattle manure after grazing(T3), Application cattle manure at half of grazing(T4).