With the increasing cultural exchanges, ethnic exchanges and international exchanges in the 21st century, the distance between countries and peoples has been gradually narrowed, and it is the urgent desire of every country to achieve peace, stability and development together. In this international situation, a new idea, “multicultural education”, has been born, which is to safeguard and protect the equal and common right to education of people of all countries by means of the power of education. One of the main objectives of multicultural education is to provide students with the necessary knowledge, culture and skills to help them better stand firm in the context of different ethnic cultures, community cultures, social mainstream cultures and cross-ethnic cultures, aiming to eliminate the concept of integration or homogenization, and avoid seeing all students as individuals with the same cultural background and experience. It’s about respecting and acknowledging their diversity. Multicultural education is not only a process of educational reform, but also a positive educational idea or value concept, which is of great significance to modern society and an important way to meet the diversified needs of students and improve the quality of education. At the same time, it also helps to cultivate students’ understanding and respect for different cultures and promotes the development of global citizenship. The concept of multicultural education has been clearly reflected in many disciplines, and the field of art is no exception. This concept emphasizes the importance of arts education in promoting cultural diversity and national identity. Through exposure to and learning about the music of different countries, nationalities and regions, students can also better understand and appreciate the value and uniqueness of various cultures, while strengthening their identity and pride in their own culture. From the perspective of multi-culture, Chinese music education has experienced a series of changes and development in the past period of time, and at the same time ushered in unprecedented opportunities and challenges. According to relevant research findings, China began to explore and study multicultural music education many years ago, and although it has made some achievements, there are still many problems. Based on this, this paper summarizes the problems exposed by Chinese music education under the multicultural situation, and explores and analyzes how to achieve better and more long-term development of Chinese music education under the multicultural perspective based on these problems.

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) proposed the concept of “Chinese Path to Modernization” at the 20th National Congress of the CCP in October 2022. Thereafter, President Xi Jinping further developed the concept in various public speeches and saw it as a key theoretical innovation for the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics. “Chinese Path to Modernization” embodies five main features: modernization of a huge population, of common prosperity for all, of material and cultural-ethical advancement, of harmony between humanity and nature, and of peaceful development. It indicates that China expects to breaks the modernization model of Western powers and seeks to build theoretical foundation for its own development path. Despite “Chinese Path to Modernization” growing into a heated topic among the Chinese academia, existing research appears to be overwhelmingly propaganda-oriented and lacks of solid academic basis. Meanwhile, the “Chinese Path to Modernization” theory has also drawn substantial research attention in Korea. Korea’s China experts have provided various analysis on possible impacts to Chinese political economy and Sino-Korean relations in the future. This paper reviews the evolution of modernization theory in China. Moreover, this study also explores the core ideas and key implications embedded into this emerging concept, and looks at its potential impacts to China’s national governance from both theoretical and policy-based landscapes.

Safeguards systems and measures are determined through diversion scenario analysis based on the facility design information submitted to the IAEA when a new nuclear facility is introduced. While the concept of safeguards-by-design (SBD), which considers the safeguards from the design phase for a facility operator to minimize unplanned changes or disruption to facility operations as well as for the IAEA to increase the efficiency and effectiveness in safeguards implementation, has been emphasized for more than a decade, there is no practical tool or guidance on how to apply it. In this study, we develop a diversion path analysis tool and introduce how to apply SBD using it. A diversion path analysis tool was developed based on the elements that constitute diversion and the algorithm generated based on the initial information of facility and nuclear material flow. The results of utilizing the analysis tool depending on a different level of facility information and the safeguards set-ups were compared through examples. Taking a typical light water reactor as an example, the test analyzed the automatic generation of dedicated routes, configuration of safeguards measures, and diversion path analysis. Through this, the application and limitations of the analysis tool are discussed, and ideas for utilization according to the SBD concept and necessary regulatory guidance are proposed. The results of this study are expected to be directly utilized to domestic nuclear control during the regulation process for a construction of new nuclear power systems, and furthermore, to enhance national credibility in the engagement with the IAEA for implementation of safeguards.

A spiral flow path was applied to solve the problem of the existing straight flow path in the leveling shaft, a key component of the self-levelizer that can maintain the height according to the change in payload in EV, SUV. In this study, flow analysis was performed to check the velocity, pressure drop, and flow direction of oil according to the main operating conditions of the leveling shaft with a spiral flow path. As a result of the study, a leveling shaft with a spiral flow path is likely to improve fluid properties around the orifice and inlet valve under compression conditions, and it is judged to have a development application effect.

수도권에 위치한 S매립장 내 3개의 매립장을 대상으로 매립가스 배출 및 주요 경로별 표면 발산과 관련된 분석을 하였다. 전체 매립가스 발생비율 10.9%인 LS1이 총 표면발산 비중은 49.4%를 차지하고 있었다. 3개 매립장에서의 메탄의 총 표면발산은 13.6 Nm3/min로서, LS1 8.4 Nm3/min (61.7%), LS2 4.0 Nm3/min(29.4%), LS3 1.2 Nm3/min(8.9%)이고, 발산경로별로는 상부 7.3 Nm3/min (53.2%), 사면 6.4 Nm3/min(46.7%), 다이크 0.02 Nm3/min(0.1%)이었다. 3개 매립장의 주요 배출경로 별 산화율은 다이크가 87.5%로 가장 크고, 상부 72.3%, 사면 71.8% 순이었다. 메탄을 기준으로 표면발 산 기여율은 매립장 별로 LS1이 전체의 61.7%로 가장 컸다. 주요 배출경로별로는 LS1의 사면이 전체의 41.7%, LS2의 상부 24.4%, LS1의 상부 20.0%로서 S매립장의 전체 메탄 표면발산량의 86.1%를 차지함 에 따라 향후 집중적인 관리가 필요할 것으로 판단되었다.

To evaluate the safeguards system or performance in a facility, it is crucial to analyze the diversion path for nuclear materials. However, diversion paths can range from the extremely simplified to the complicated depending on the level of knowledge and the specific person conducting the analysis. This study developed the diversion path analysis tools using an event tree and fault tree method to generating diversion paths systematically. The essential components of the diversion path were reviewed, and a logical flow was developed for systematically creating the diversion path. An algorithm was created based on the facility design components and logical flow, as well as the initial information of the nuclear materials and material flows. The event tree and fault tree analysis tools were used to test the path generation algorithm. The usage and limitations of these two logic methods are discussed, and ideas to incorporate the logic algorithm into practical program tools are suggested. The tests were analyzed on a typical light water reactor as an example, including automatic generation of dedicated pathways, configuration of safeguards measures, and analyzing paths with strategies for avoiding safeguard systems. The results led to the development of a draft pathway analyzer program that can be applied to general nuclear systems. The results of this study will be used to develop a program module that can systematically generate diversion paths using the event tree and fault tree method. It can help to guide and provide practical tools for implementing SBD.

이 글은 “미국과 같은 패권국은 왜 국제사법재판소의 창설에 주도적 역할을 했음에도 불구하고 그 권한에 제약을 가하는가, 또 패권국의 주 도로 창설된 국제재판소는 어떻게 패권국의 이익에 반하는 결정을 내리 게 되었는가?”의 질의를 분석한다. 이 글은 이러한 연구질의를 헌정질서 및 역사제도주의 이론을 적용하여 조망·분석한다. 역사제도주의는 특정 시점의 제도적 특성이 과거 시점의 결정적 사건 및 선택에 따른 ‘경로종 속성’에 주목하는 이론인바, 이 글은 특히 국제사법재판소의 기념비적 사 건인 니카라과-로커비 사건에서 작동한 ‘패권국-국제사법재판소 간의 상 호적 경로종속성’을 분석한다. 글의 분석은 국제사법재판소와 같은 사법 기관은 본질적으로 정치권력의 위임에 의해서 탄생하기는 하지만, 일정 한 제도적 성숙과정을 거치면 스스로의 권위와 절차를 가지고 정치권력 에 제약을 가하는 ‘수탁자(Trustee)’의 성격을 가진다는 것을 보여준다. 니카라과-로커비 사건에서 국제사법재판소의 해석 권한 행사는 그러나, 미국 국내 헌정질서 사례와 달리 정치권력의 준수를 이끌어내지 못하며, 사법심사권의 공고화로 이어지지는 못하였다. 이러한 과정은 결국, 패권 국과 국제재판소 간의 ‘상호적 경로종속성’의 작용을 보여주는 것이다.

PURPOSES : The turning movement of vehicles is directly affected by such factors as vehicle length, wheelbase, steering angle, articulated angle, and wheel steering. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the impact of changes in each factor on the turning of the vehicle. Because a vehicle with a long body, such as an articulated bus, makes a wide turn, this study analyzes the swept path of the driving vehicle considering the specifications of the vehicle. METHODS : This study was conducted by dividing driving routes into four routes of two-lane four-way roundabouts, and the turning conditions were examined for six types (Type 1–6) that simulated actual articulated bus data. The same vehicle specifications as those of the actual articulated bus were applied to the road design simulation (AutoTURN Pro), and the width of the swept path for the articulated bus was investigated based on the wheel steering control. Using a virtual reference line for dividing the inscribed circle into lanes of the roundabout by 5°, the driving width of the swept path was measured and the angle at which the driving width was largest during driving through the turning intersection was examined. In addition, the changes in the driving width of the swept path according to the wheel steering control under the same wheel turning conditions, as well as the articulated and steering angles, were investigated. RESULTS : The driving width of the swept path for the vehicle (Type 1) with the front wheel control function being an all-wheel system was less than that of an articulated bus with the largest driving width of 15° after entering the roundabout and 15° before entering the roundabout (Type 2). Furthermore, although the specifications of the vehicles were the same, it was determined that Type 5 was superior to Type 6 after reviewing the driving width in light of changes in the steering and articulated angles. CONCLUSIONS : The results of this study are expected to contribute to the field of road design considering traffic safety when large vehicles, such as articulated buses, turn on roundabouts or curved road sections.

n Korea, the decommissioning of nuclear power plants is being prepared, and a large amount of radioactive waste is expected to be generated. In particular, clearance level waste, which accounts for more than 90%, requires prevention of cross-contamination and prompt classification. In this study, the possible exposure route and the derivation of exposure dose for worker exposure management in a movable analysis system that can be analyzed onsite were studied. The movable radionuclide analysis system is divided into a preparatory room, a sample storage room, a radioanalysis room, a laboratory, and a waste storage room. It consists of one radioanalysis worker and one pre-treatment worker, and the main radiation exposure is expected to occur in the movement path in the sample storage room, radioanalysis room, and laboratory. The source term for the exposure evaluation, the annual usage dose presented in the radiation safety report in the movable radionuclide analysis system was used. The input data for the evaluation of the external exposure dose under normal circumstances (exposure situation, working hours, distance, etc.) is referenced at facility specifications. The internal exposure dose evaluation was assumed to be acute exposure (1 hour) assumed as internal pollution due to the drop in liquid sample during the pretreatment work. As an evaluation method, a method using a calculation formula and a method using an evaluation code was performed. For the evaluation of exposure dose using the calculation formula, a preliminary evaluation was performed using the point source method, the point kernel method, and intake and dose conversion factors. In addition, VISIPLAN and IMBA codes were used to evaluate exposure dose using the evaluation code, and the input data were supplemented for evaluation. As a result of the evaluation, the annual exposure dose limit of 20 mSv was satisfied for both normal and non-normal situations. In future research, it is planned to derive the evaluation results by particular scenarios for the detailed movement route and evaluation time according to the work process in the mobile radionuclide analysis.

최근 한국의 문화콘텐츠는 아시아 중심의 한류에서 세계의 K-culture 로 성장함에 따라 한국과 관련된 모든 콘텐츠를 K-콘텐츠로 인식하게 되었다. 본 연구는 글로벌 사회에서 K-콘텐츠가 변화하는 양상을 한국에 대한 연상 이미지 추이, K-콘텐츠에 대한 호감도 추이, K-콘텐츠에 대한 접촉경로 추이를 제4차~제11차 해외한류실태조사에 근거해 분석하고자 한다. 한국에 대한 연상 이미지는 커다란 변화없이 K-팝, K-음식(한식), K-IT산업, K-드라마 순으로 나타나고 있다. K-콘텐츠에 대한 호감도는 제4차에서 20%~45%였지만 제11차에서는 75%~82%로 2배 이상 상승하 였다. K-콘텐츠에 대한 접촉경로는 제6차~제7차에서는 TV가 온라인/모 바일 플랫폼보다 높았지만 제8차~제11차에서는 정반대의 현상이 나타났 다. K-콘텐츠는 K-음식, K-팝, K-드라마, K-영화 등을 넘어 K-게임, K-뷰티, K-패션 등으로 영역을 확장하고 있다. 그러나 K-콘텐츠가 온라 인/모바일 플랫폼을 통해 확장되는 한계를 극복해야 하는 과제도 있다.

KINAC is trying to build a comprehensive aerial view of the nuclear material balance to predict North Korea’s weapons-grade nuclear material production capacity. We are creating a visualization model for North Korea’s nuclear facilities as part of these efforts. However, information on North Korea’s nuclear facilities is scarce, and it is not easy to consider additional facilities other than those already known. In addition, in the case of a model that targets only exceptional situations, it is not easy to secure objectivity for model validation, so it is necessary to upgrade to a general-purpose analysis tool that can be applied more generally. The following two examples are proposed as an analysis tool that can be a high degree of analysis. The first case is an Acquisition Path Analysis (APA) utilized to introduce IAEA’s State-Level Approach (SLA). The acquisition path analysis aims to find and evaluate the technically possible pathways to obtain nuclear materials for nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive development. It can be an acquisition route if it is possible to produce at least 1 Significant Quantity (SQ) of weapongrade nuclear material within five years. The assessment of technologically feasible pathways is based on available information about the country’s past and present nuclear cycle capabilities. The second is the IAEA Physical Model. The IAEA Physical Model was carried out to introduce a comprehensive approach to all information on a country’s nuclear activities. It describes and characterizes the technologies and processes expressed at all levels of the acquisition path, depending on the development objectives. The IAEA Physical Model attempts a multi-tiered acquisition path analysis to identify all known technologies and processes in the nuclear fuel cycle, from raw material production to weapon usable material acquisition. Based on this analysis, the IAEA evaluates the signs of nuclear proliferation in a specific country. Based on the two cases discussed above, we intend to derive the following implications and priorities for extending the existing nuclear cycle model to a more general-purpose for a specific country. First of all, the requirements necessary to evaluate nuclear non-proliferation or verification of denuclearization must be at a level that the international community can recognize. In the stage of actual denuclearization verification, since verification will be conducted through the IAEA, a corresponding level of tools and technology will be required. From this point of view, the following is presented as a prerequisite for adding versatility to the existing physical model: It is necessary to derive all processes related to the nuclear cycle and standardize relevant indicators and data. In order to determine the signs of nuclear activity, detailed information on technologies, materials, by-products, and wastes, which are essential for each process, is required. For denuclearization verification, cumulative information from the past to the time point is required, and a comparative analysis of the operation history information of all facilities and the amount of nuclear material is required. To this end, it is necessary to make it possible to trace the history at every point where it can be determined that nuclear material has been diverted so that missing nuclear material can be found. Based on this, it is expected that it can be possible to evaluate a hypothetical threat state, but it is also expected that it will be easy to verify the model through the evaluation of easily accessible domestic facilities.

In order to effectively and efficiently apply safeguards to new nuclear facilities, it is recommended to apply safeguards-by-design concept. In evaluating the safeguards in the early stage of the design of a facility, it is essential to analyze the diversion path for nuclear materials. This study suggests a simple method which can generate diversion paths. The essential components constituting the diversion path were reviewed and the logical flow for systematically creating the diversion path was developed. The path generation algorithm is based on this components and logical flow as well as the initial information of the nuclear materials and material flows in a planned facilities. The results will be used to develop a program module which can systematically generate diversion paths using the event tree and fault tree method.

본 연구는 중간관리자를 대상으로 리더십 변화신념, 리더십 개발활동, 상태불안과 이직의도 간의 경로를 분석하여 인과관계를 확인하고자 시도되었다. 이를 위해 중간관리자 600명을 표집하여 설문조사를 실시하였으며 수집된 데이터를 바탕으로 경로모형을 검증하였다. 본 연구 모형에 대한 직접효과를 살펴본 결과, 리더십 고정신념과 증진신념은 모두 리더십 개발활동에 정적 영향을 주었으며, 리더십 개발활동은 다시 상태불안에 부적인 영향을 미치고, 상태불안은 이직의도에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 리더십 고정신념이 상태 불안에 미치는 직접효과는 없는 것으로 나타난 반면 리더십 증진신념은 상태불안에 부적인 영향을 주었으며, 리더십 고정신념은 이직의도에 정적인 영향을 미친 반면, 리더십 증진신념은 이직의도에 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았다. 결과적으로, 리더십 변화신념인 고정신념과 증진신념이 각각 이직의도에 미치는 영향은 리더십 개발활동과 상태불안이 매개하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 여기서 리더십 개발활동은 상태불안과 이직의도를 감소시키는 중요한 보호요인으로 작용 하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 본 연구의 시사점과 제한점에 관하여 논의하였다.

감염병의 전파는 환자와의 접촉이 중요한 전파 경로이기 때문에 개인 차원에서의 활동 정보는 감염 위험성을 파악하는데 중요한 지표로 활용될 수 있다. 이 연구는 코로나바이러스감염증-19 (COVID-19) 확진자의 이동 특성을 파악하는 방안을 제시하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해서 시간지리학 개념을 적용한 지리적 시각화 프로토타입 환경을 구축하여 서울시의 코로나 확진자 이동경 로 데이터를 분석하였다. 지리적 시각화 프로토타입에서는 코로나바이러스감염증-19 확진자의 시간대별 방문 장소를 3차원 경로로 시각화하였다. 또한 방문장소별 방문시간과 체류시간은 정거장 개념을 반영한 원통으로 표현하여 확진자별 방문 장소의 중복 여부를 파악할 수 있었다. 이 연구에서 제안하는 시각화 방법은 다음과 같이 활용될 수 있다. 첫째, COVID-19 확진자 이동 자료의 시공간적 범위와 특성을 동시에 시각화함으로써 시공간적 이동 특성을 분석할 수 있다. 둘째, COVID-19 확진자 이동경로에 있는 정거장 시각화를 통해서 확진자 접촉가능 장소를 파악할 수 있다.

As an important part of “the wisdom society”, Wisdom library should be reasonable use the new era background and the favorable opportunity, it also should attaches great importance to the current Chinese wisdom library construction and development of the existing problems and obstacles in the process, IT should processed from three aspects: deepening the theoretical research, strengthening technical personnel training and policy safeguard, Strengthened the library construction and development of wisdom, not only conducive to deepening the functions of the library, improving library construction and development to the society, but also provide theoretical experience summary and tested sample to the construction and development of “intelligent society”, So as to promote the construction and development of “intelligent society”.

본 논문은 임지선의 비올라 협주곡 《새로운 길-윤동주를 기억하며》에 대한 서사적 분석이다. 그러한 분석의 기반으로 필자는 해튼의 제스처론과 마이클 클라인의 상호텍스트성을 통한 서사 이론에 바탕을 두었음을 밝히는 바이다. 필자는 먼저 이 곡의 구조적 분석에 있어서 크게 세 파트로 나눈 후, 이를 다시 여섯 개의 섹션으로 나누었다. 각 파트마다 음악적 제스처들을 설정하고 임지선이 각 파트에서 차용한 곡들과 음악적 제스 처에 부합하다고 여겨지는 윤동주의 시들을 상호텍스트로 설정하여 음악적 제스처들과 연관된 내러 티브를 도출하였다. 이러한 분석을 통해 필자가 구조화한 이 곡의 내러티브는 슬픔, 저항, 희망이다.

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 지역사회 고령운전자의 인구사회학적 요인에 따른 자가보고식 운전능력 및 상관성을 파악하고 시각, 청각, 인지, 운동, 심리요인을 바탕으로 설정한 가설모형의 적합성을 검증하여 지역사회 고령운전자의 자가보고식 운전능력에 대한 경로모형을 제시하고자 함이었다. 연구방법 : 연구 대상은 만 65세 이상 지역사회 거주 고령운전자의 122명이었다. 대상자들의 시각과 청력, 운동기능, 인지기능, 우울 및 자가보고식 운전능력을 평가하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0을 사용하여 분석하고 가설모형의 검증을 위해 AMOS 22.0을 사용하여 경로분석을 시행하였다. 결과 : 연구결과 남성의 경우 여성보다 자가보고식 운전능력 점수가 높았으며 주간 운전일수 6~7일인 경우는 주 3일 이하에 비해 점수가 높았다. 면허취득 기간과 운전경력은 자가보고식 운전능력과 정적 상관성을 보였다. 경로모형의 적합성 결과 최종모형은 p값(.911)이 .05를 초과하며, TLI(1.202), NFI(.949), CFI(1.000)가 모두 .90이상이고 RMSEA(.000)는 0.1이하로 가설모형이 측정 자료에 잘 부합하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 첫째, 우울, 청력감퇴, 악력은 고령운전자의 자가보고식 운전능력에 직접적으로 영향을 주는 요인으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 나이는 우울, 악력에 직접적인 영향을 주고, 우울과 악력을 매개하여 자가보고식 운전능력에도 간접적으로 영향을 주고 있었다. 셋째, 우울은 인지처리지연과 악력에 직접적인 영향을 주었다. 결론 : 본 연구는 지역사회 고령운전자의 자가보고식 운전능력에 영향을 주는 요인들의 직·간접적인 관계를 파악하고 자가보고식 운전능력에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인들의 다차원적인 효과를 검증하였다는데 의의가 있었다.

Recently, marketing researchers have started to explore the impact of Social Media Brand Communities in digital marketing strategies. However, in spite of this interest, scant attention has been paid to the micro-mechanisms stimulating electronic word of mouth (E-WOM) within social media brand community. In this sense, this exploratory research aims to explore how consumers‟ engagement is related with positive E-WOM.

When evaluating effectiveness of a R&D program, there is a tendency to simply compare the performances of the beneficiaries before and after the program or to compare the differences in the performances of the beneficiaries and the non-beneficiaries before-after the program. However, these ways of evaluating effectiveness of a program have some problems because they can not differentiate between complement effect, which facilitates corporate R&D investment, and substitute effect, which, literally, substitutes corporate R&D investment. Therefore, these problems could bring about wrong policies concerning R&D programs.In this paper, a new approach using path analysis is suggested as a means to overcome these problems and it is utilized, as an application, to evaluate the effectiveness of Plant Engineering Program conducted by Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy, Korea. First, the direct impact of government R&D investment on corporate R&D investment is analyzed, through which it is identified which of crowding-in effect (complement effect) and crowding-out effect (substitute effect) is dominant. Next, the direct effect of government R&D investment on corporate performance and the direct effect of corporate R&D investment on corporate performance is analyzed respectively. Finally, by combining the two previous analysis, the total effect of government R&D investment on corporate performance is identified.As a result, it turns out that, in Plant Engineering Program, crowding-in effect is more dominant than crowding-out effect and that Plant Engineering Program has definitely positive effect on the beneficiary in terms of corporate performance indirectly and directly.