This research tests the effects of institutional pressures, the use of performance measurement systems and accountability, and moderation effects of human resource capability between institutional pressures and the use of performance measurement systems in the Local Government institutions in Indonesia. The research aims to provide empirical evidence both quantitatively and qualitatively that isomorphism institutional pressures occurred in the scope of implementation of the performance measurement system and accountability in the public sector organizations and to show the importance of human resource capability enhancement in reducing external pressure impact. In addition, it tries to develop the correlation model of institutional pressures, human resource capability, implementation of the performance measurement system, and accountability of public sector organizations. The research used mixed methods with sequential explanatory design. The data collection used surveys and interviews in 209 regency/Special Region of Yogyakarta and Central Java local governments as samples. The research result indicated that the institutionalization process of the performance measurement is influenced by institutional pressures, especially coercive and mimetic pressures. Human resource capability was unable to weaken institutional pressures effects in the performance measurement system implementation. The research also proved that the use of a performance measurement system was able to improve local government institution accountability.

This study aims to examine the effects of integrated performance measurement on firm success of beverage businesses in Thailand. Integrated performance measurement, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, and firm success are the main variables of the study. In this study, all 653 beverage businesses from Department of Business Development, Ministry of Commerce, Thailand are the samples of the study. The data collection was provided during February - April, 2016. A mail survey procedure via questionnaire was used for data collection. 163 responses were received. Of the surveys completed and returned, 159 were usable. The structural equation model (SEM) is conducted to examine the effects of integrated performance measurement on organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior and firm success. The results show that integrated performance measurement positively influences organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior and firm success. Organizational commitment positively affects both organizational citizenship behavior and firm success while organizational citizenship behavior positively impacts firm success. In summary, integrated performance measurement as a strategic management accounting approach is a key determinant of firms’ business outcome. Firms need to support their resources and capabilities in developing, implementing, utilizing, and maintaining integrated performance measurement. Potential discussion, conclusion, and suggestions and directions for future research are highlighted.

Recently, many concrete slab tracks have been adopted in high-speed railway. However, it is vulnerable to roadbed settlement compared to gravel tracks. Therefore, it was necessary to evaluate the long-term performance about roadbed and track of the concrete slab track. In this paper, the performance of track and roadbed is evaluated using long-term high-speed rail data. The measurement items are the Wheel load, Lateral load, Acceleration, Road pressure. The measurement period is from the beginning of construction to three years after opening. For the measurement method, a representative value of the measurement data was selected and compared with the reference value.

This study aims to propose an assessment tool of port service quality (PSQ) in the context of container transport logistics (CTLs), by taking the perspectives from port users. The CTLs defined in this study are the relevant activities of serving the physical flows of a container box from a point of origin via a container port to a point of destination. To address the ports’ role in collaboration between its channel members in CTLs, the PSQ measures for all port user groups (i.e. common PSQ measures) are selected based on the relevant CTLs activities involved by port, and its users within terminal/port area as well as throughout the CTLs chain. An importance-performance analysis (IPA) is applied as a diagnostic tool to analyse the status quo of Busan Port in CTLs contexts, by comparing the importance and performance (IP) scores against each individual CTLs criterion. The findings from the IPA reveal that port managers and policy makers at the Busan Port should concentrate on six PSQ measures (i.e. SR1, SR4, ITS1, VAS1, VAS4, ICI3) to enhance PSQ in CTLs. However, four measures (i.e. ITS2, ITS3, ITS4, VAS2) are identified as a possible overkill, indicating an area of inefficiency where a remedial action of the cost-cutting decision is necessary. On the other hand, the Busan port shows an outstanding performance on four measures such as SR2, SR3, ICI1 and ICI2. The measures are not only important but also high performance. The study findings provide managerial guidance to port managers in Busan Port, in view of searching for managerial and operational strategies for sustainable port growth.

PSC girder bridges, widely applied to bridge and railroad bridge (25 ~ 50 m), are a type of bridge that introduces compressive force in advance to the part where tensile force of concrete is generated. The tension force for introducing the compressive force by inserting the tendon into the concrete is a key element of the structural performance in the PSC. At present, however, measurement and verification of this is indirectly managed through deflection and cracking. However, it has become more necessary to develop practical evaluation methods of prestress force of PSC bridges. In this experiment, a small scale PSC beam with various curvature radii was made. Tension force monitoring with FBG sensor and EM sensor was performed on test members using 3 point flexural loading test. The measured values of the FBG sensors and the EM sensors used in the experiment were analyzed and compared with the measured values of the load cell.

PSC girder bridges, widely applied to bridge and railroad bridge (25 ~ 50 m), are a type of bridge that introduces compressive force in advance to the part where tensile force of concrete is generated. The tension force for introducing the compressive force by inserting the tendon into the concrete is a key element of the structural performance in the PSC. At present, however, measurement and verification of this is indirectly managed through deflection and cracking. However, it has become more necessary to develop practical evaluation methods of prestress force of PSC bridges. In this experiment, a small scale PSC beam with various curvature radii was made. Tension force monitoring with FBG sensor and EM sensor was performed on test members using 3 point flexural loading test. The measured values of the FBG sensors and the EM sensors used in the experiment were analyzed and compared with the measured values of the load cell.

As public service life of PSC bridges is on the increase, lots of effort has been devoted to verify safety of PSC bridges. On the safety of PSC bridges, effective prestress force is one of the most important factors. At the moment, however, indirect measurements are mostly employed to evaluate the effective prestress force during and after construction. In this study, performances of FBG and EM sensors, which can directly measure the effective prestress force, are tested and investigated.

본 연구는 진단용 X선 발생장치의 성능을 검사하기 위해 직선성(Linearity), 재현성(reproducibility) 및 반가층 (Half Value Layer; HVL)을 실험하였다. 직선성(Linearity)은 설정된 조사조건으로 한 장비 당 4회씩 조사하여 측정된 선량을 기록하고 mR/mAs를 구하여 측정하였으며, 측정값이 0.1을 초과하면 직선성이 떨어지는 것을 알 수 있다.재현성(Reproducibility)은 80kVp, 200mA, 20mAs와120kVp, 300mA, 8mAs의 조건으로 10회 조사하여 변동계수(CV) 공식에 대입하여 측정한 값이 0.05안에 포함되면 양호하게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있다. 반가층(Half Value Layer:HVL)은 filter가 없을 때 설정된 조건으로 3회 조사하여 측정한 후 부가필터용 반가층 물질로 사용하여 필터의 두께를0, 1, 2, 4 mm로 바꾸어 가며 부가필터가 없을 때의 ½이하인 측정값이 나올 때 까지 측정한다. 현재 본원에서 사용하는 진단용 X선 발생장치 5대를 대상으로 직선성, 재현성, 반가층을 측정한 결과 직선성은 1번 장비에서는 300mA~400mA, 5번 장비에서는 100mA~200mA 부근에서 양호하지 않았으며, 반가층 측정에서는 80kVp 측정치에서 1번 장비에서 검사기준을 만족하지 못하였다. 출력은 단상에 비해 삼상장치가 높게 나왔다. 실험을 통하여 밝혀진결과를 토대로 정기적인 장비관리와 노후 된 장비의 교환 등이 이루어진다면 장비 사용의 효율성을 극대화 할 수 있으며, 방사선 피폭선량을 줄임과 동시에 영상의 화질을 향상시킬 수 있어 정확한 진단에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

This paper is structured into three main parts and a conclusion. The main section provide definitions of efficiency, effectiveness and performance in terms of the distribution channel, followed by a review of related performance measurement, before discussing difficulties of measurement. According to the theoretical approach, it appears that key theroretical issues are centered around customer service, logistics excellence, time compression, the use of IT, and a move towards integrated logistics. The empirical approach shows that in the past, various financial performance indicators were regarded as relevant management information. However, today, management needs additional performance indicators. Therefore, external assessments of effectiveness must be performed to measure customers' satisfaction with the physical flow of product through the distribution channel network. So, what is needed is to take previous normative and explorative research and progress through a framework by developing valid measures of distribution channel's effectiveness and efficiency, and identifying research methodologies suited to the data collection requirements.

This study examines whether the reinforcement theory would be effectively applied to teaching assistant robots between a robot and a student in the same way as it is applied to teaching methods between a teacher and a student. Participants interact with a teaching assistant robot in a 3 (types of robots: positive reinforcement vs. negative reinforcement vs. both reinforcements) by 2 (types of participants: honor students vs. backward students), within-subject experiment. Three different types of robots, such as ‘Ching-chan-ee’ which gives ‘positive reinforcement’, ‘Um-bul-ee’ which gives ‘negative reinforcement’, and ‘Sang-bul-ee’ which gives both ‘positive and negative reinforcement’ are designed based on the reinforcement theory and the token reinforcement system. Participants’ task performance and reaction rate are measured according to the types of robots and the types of participants. In task performance, the negative reinforcement robot is more effective than the other two types, but regarding the number of stimulus, the less the stimulus is, the more effective the task performance is. Also, participants showed the highest reaction rate on the negative reinforcement robot which implies that the negative reinforcement robot is most effective to motivate students. The findings demonstrate that the participants perceive the teaching assistant robot not as a toy but as a teaching assistant and the reinforcement interaction is important and effective for teaching assistant robots to motivate students. The results of this study can be implicated as an effective guideline to interaction design of teaching assistant robots.