This study developed an evaluation system of adaptation countermeasures for climate change in the water resources sector using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the assessment procedures were applied to the Second Chungcheongnam-do Climate Change Adaptation Implementation Plan (Chungnam Implementation Plan). Firstly, the evaluation criteria are composed of two levels according to the hierarchical structure, and AHP gives priority to 4 evaluation criteria of the first level and 16 alternative indicators of the second level. Secondly, after the importance of the evaluation criteria or indicators has been determined, the significance of each measure was evaluated by applying it to the water-sector measures of the Chungnam Implementation Plan, and the effectiveness of the evaluation system was validated. The Chungnam case study shows that the evaluation system will be more effective and efficient when it is applied during development phase rather than after the implementation plan is finalized. It is also expected that the evaluation system will be used to evaluate and prioritize climate change adaptation policies in other regions, and then to compare the means of adaptation to climate change in various regions and to select recommendation policies.

On December 27, 2017, the 31st session of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People’s Congress passed the Vessel Tonnage Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China. China’s Vessel Tonnage Tax Law has basically maintained the stability of the vessel tonnage tax collection system and accorded with the basic national conditions of China’s shipping industry. The system established by China’s Vessel Tonnage Tax Law is basically a traditional vessel tonnage tax system, which is different from those implemented by many other countries. This paper explores the reason why China chooses to implement the vessel tonnage tax system and evaluates the policy within a certain scope and from a certain angle. It also examines the shortcomings of China’s vessel tonnage tax system as well as the burden brought by it to the shipping enterprises and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for reforming and perfecting the vessel tonnage tax system in China.

Since its founding in 1949, the People’s Republic of China has acceded to more than 300 multilateral treaties. Among them, China made reservations to 83 treaties, accounting for nearly 27.7 percent of the total. Evidently, for China, formulating reservations to multilateral treaties is an issue of vital importance in the process of concluding and executing multilateral treaties. This paper examines the three main reasons why China inclines to formulate reservations to the treaties, then argues that the reservations formulated by China, whether in procedure or in substance, are not only in full conformity with the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, but also full of Chinese characteristics. This paper also analyzes several specific reservations that China shall withdraw, and addresses the limitations of China’s existing treaty reservation system. Accordingly, this paper concludes that the Chinese government should improve and perfect its treaty reservation system with some suggestions.

3세대 방사광가속기는 기초 및 응용과학분야의 최첨단연구에 활용하여 우리나 라 기초과학 연구의 활성화에 기여한다는 목적으로 운영되고 있으며, 그 구축 및 운영을 위 해 2016년까지 30년에 가까운 기간 동안 총 7,879억 원 가량이 투입된 거대연구시설이다. 3세 대 방사광가속기 정책과 관련하여 가속기의 필요성이나 효과성에 대해 다양한 평가가 있어 왔지만 대체로 현재 시점의 성공적 결과를 강조하며 향후 정부의 지속적 지원 필요성을 피력 하거나 정책적 개선방안을 포괄적인 차원에서 제시하는 연구들이 주를 이루며, 이 사업이 시 기별로 어떠한 정책적 평가를 받았는지 살펴보고 그 결과가 어디에서 기인하는지 체계적으 로 분석한 연구는 전무하다. 본 연구에서는 3세대 방사광가속기 사업을 시기별로 구분하여 평가하되, 분석기준으로 정책활동의 다섯 가지 기준을 고려하였다. 장기간 진행되는 대형연 구시설 정책을 시기별로 나누어 살펴봄으로써 방사광가속기 및 유사 대형연구시설의 구축과 운영에 있어서 요구되는 정책활동의 원리와 관련된 정책적 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다.

본 연구는 현직 보육교직원의 보수교육 질 제고 및 지역별 보수교육기관의 질 제고를 위해 개발된 『2016 보수교육기관 평가지표』를 중심으로 보수교육기관에 지표적용 시 평가결과 적용의 제한점과 이에 따른 정책 지원방안을 모색하였다. 4개영역 43개 지표 총 100점으로 구성된 『2016 보수교육기관 평가지표』중 물리적 환경 영역의 강의실 청결지표와 화장실 청결지표, 인적환경영역의 전문영역 담당교수 전문성 지표, 교육과정 영역의 반 당 교육 인원수 지표, 기관운영 영역의 중도탈락 수강생 비율 지표를 중심으로 지표적용 시 제한점을 살펴보았다. 참고로 우리나라 보육정책은 부모대상 육아지원 확대를 중심으로 정책이 실행되어왔기 때문에 상대적으로 교사 지원을 통한 질 제고의 접근은 상대적으로 충분하지 못한 실정이다. 본 연구는 『2016 보수교육기관 평가지표』를 보수교육기 관에 적용할 때 평가결과의 활용 시 제한점은 없는지 살펴보고 보수교육의 질 제고를 위해 보수교육 정책 지원방안을 모색하고, 보육교사들의 보수교육의 질 제고를 위해서 해당지표가 평가목표를 달성하기 위해서는 시·도 행정절차 정비, 지원시스템 보완, 행정부서간의 명확하고 일관된 지침, 인력풀 확보 방안이 필요함을 제시하였다.

China’s economic success and trade expansion since the 1980s is one of the most important economic achievements, which lifted more populations out of extreme poverty than any other time and place in history. This achievement has been made possible by trade-led development policies successfully adopted by China. China also joined the WTO in 2001, after fifteen years of negotiations with its trade partners, and is subject to WTO legal disciplines requiring the transparency of its trade-related decisions and procedures. This article examines China’s economic reform, which led to its accession into the WTO, and reviews China’s trade and development policies under the WTO. In addition, this article discusses China’s participation in the WTO Dispute Settlement Procedure. There has been a concern as to whether China will be compliant with the requirements under the Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU). The article shows that China has become an active participant and has maintained well under the terms of the DSU.

Information and Communication Technology is now widely accepted by developing countries as a development tool in their efforts to alleviate poverty, enhance human development, and achieve Millennium Development Goals. Recognizing this untapped potential and development strategies incorporating ICT are being increasingly promoted and launched across the developing countries requiring a comprehensive ICT policy that plays a crucial rule, in particular, in the area of agriculture and rural development. While the potential advantages of ICT for development are enormous in developed countries, national policies of developing countries are yet to adequately reflect truly comprehensive and integrated strategies for harnessing and exploiting this potential. This paper tries to provide implication of ICT policy to the agriculture and rural development in developing countries, in particular through lessons learned from European Union (EU) IT policy. Through the examination of vital projects in the agriculture and rural development sectors and case study analysis of applied policies and strategies implemented in the European Union, this paper provides tangible examples and lessons for policy-makers and practitioners involved in the field. Hence, this study provides policy-makers the necessary tools, information and knowledge to facilitate the formulation and adoption of ICT policies and strategies in the agriculture and rural development sector.

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate visual art policy during Kookmin government period(1998-2002). In the beginning, many artists had expected president Kim Dae Jung to enlarge arts support But the evaluation of them was very negative vecause the government was only interested in the development of cultural industry. First, I analysed the government expenditure in the visual arts. Department of Culture and Tourism took the responsiblity of visual arts policy. The budget of art and culture increased to 1% of total government expenditure in this period. But the main factor was the increasement of cultural industry and tourism expenditure. The budget of visual arts in 2002 was only 6,600million won. Second, I analysed visual arts support programs. (1) The government introduced studio programs for the first time. For 5 years, 2 mational studios and 23 public studios were established. (2) The number of art museum was increased to 62. (3) It introduced alternative space supported 200million won annually. (4) percent for art scheme reduced from 1% to 0.7% of total construction cost, but still 27 public sculpture gardens were built. (5) Business support for visual arts reduced because of IMF. (6) Also arts marker froze and many commercial galleries were closed. (7) In order to revitalize region through arts and to promote international exchange of culture, Gwangju Biennale was created. Third, I analysed Arts Plan 2002. It had a radical Limitaion because it was established in the last year of Kookmin government period. Also it showed special favors to some arts organizations. In general, I think that positive outcomes are the introductions of the studio program and the alternative space support program. Especially alternative space support program enforced the diversity of visual arts, and encouraged creative young artists. But policy of art market failed because of IMF and visual artists had to go through rough times.

This article deals with the multiple alternative proposal of Venture Business policy. when Decision makers meet a very complex and important business to take a good choice. It might not be easy that we make a decision and accept the decision as an exact result of analysis at a complication and uncertain situation. This is the reason why the original research use Statistical Survey method and Visual Decision Making Process(VDMP) to improve decision analysis method. Therefore, Our research suggests that the VDMP utilized in the strategic decision making situation as a group decision adding tool, can be applied in the development of a process vision and implementation plan. as a result, researcher describe step by step the process of VDMP

The implementation of PPK-BLU in Indonesia was not followed by a comprehensive change in aspects of organization, human resources, and finance. Based on this background, this study aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the BTIP after the implementation of the PPK-BLU policy in the implementation of telecommunications services and information to the public in Indonesia. This research used integration of the McKinsey 7S method, Analytical Hierarchy Process, and Likert scale. The integration of these methods can provide a detailed quantitative analysis. Based on the overall evaluation results of carrying out the PPK BLU, BTIP has a performance value of 81.195%, which puts it within the Good category. The McKinsey 7S elements used as a whole have the following values: one aspect is categorized as Very Good, namely, the strategy aspect with a value of 91.025%; two aspects are categorized as Good (structural aspects with a value of 86.857%, and skill aspects with a value of 81.432%); three aspects are categorized as Adequate (style aspect with a value of 76.441%, staff aspect with a value of 78.605%, and share value aspect with a value of 76.331%); one aspect is categorized as Bad, that is the system aspect with a value of 67.503%.

Education policy is a dynamic process featuring social development trends. The world countries have focused their education program on empowering the learners for future life and work. This paper aims to assess the higher education curriculum based on a survey of 280 students, employers, alumni, and lecturers in both social sciences and natural sciences in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The fuzzy decisionmaking method, namely the Fuzzy Extent Analysis Method (F-EAM), was applied to measure the relative weight of each parameter. Seven factors under the curriculum development have been put in the ranking. Input with emphasis on foreign language was the highest priority in curriculum development, given the expected demand of the labor market. Objective and learning outcome and teaching activities ranked second and third, respectively. The traditional triangle of teaching content, methodology, and evaluation and assessment are still proven their roles, but certain modifications have been defined in the advanced curriculum. Teaching facilities had the least weight among the seven dimensions of curriculum development. The findings are helpful for education managers to efficiently allocate scarce resources to reform the curriculum to bridge the undergraduate quality gap between labor supply and demand, meeting the dynamic trends of social development.

북극해 관련 정부정책의 경우 해양수산부에서 제시된 “북극활동 진흥 기본계획”이 있으나, 구체적인 정책 집행의 순위 및 가중치 등 이 제시되어 있지 않아 정책집행의 시기조절 및 경중을 고려하기에 어려움이 있다. 이러한 측면에서 본 연구에서는 정부에서 제시한 북극정 책의 우선순위를 평가하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 하였다. 또한 북극정책의 원활한 수행을 위한 “지원방안” 및 “대외협력 방안”에 대해서도 우 선순위를 제시하였다. 연구의 방법론은 전문가 의견을 종합적으로 평가할 수 있는 CFPR(Consistent Fuzzy Preference Relations) 방법을 활 용하였다. 분석결과 해양수산부의 가장 중요한 북극정책은 ‘북극항로 개척 등 해운물류 협력’(0.087)이며, ‘전문인력 양성’(0.086), ‘제도적 기반 및 청사진 마련’(0.085) 순으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 북극해 관련 정책입안자 혹은 당국의 정책수립에 시사점을 제공할 수 있다.

Modernization is an important stage in the process of human civilization. It is believed that Industrial Revolution of 18th century occurred in UK represents the starting point of modernization. This process occurs not only in the social changes of developed countries but also in the process taken by developing countries to catch up with the advanced countries after the Second World War. Developing China's modern industrial system typified by “Made in China 2025” is in line with world’s common practice and Chinese government’s aspiration of enhancing well-beings of its people. The study of modernization goes through a theoretical development process from classical modernization to the second modernization. China's modern industrial system policy making complements and improves the classical modernization process. It is also a strategy aimed at keeping up with and leading the second modernization process. From the perspective of theoretical application, China's modern industrial system is a compound mode of industrial modernization. Based on the review of modernization theory, this paper studies the policy evolution of China's modern industrial system and comprehensively evaluates its policies. In the policy evolution part, China’s different industrial policies in the stages of planned economy and market economy are distinguished, based on an explanation to the concept description of China's "modern industrial system" proposed by the 19th National Congress of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the meaning of various policy elements. The comprehensive evaluation of China's modern industrial system includes characteristic evaluation, effect evaluation and spillover evaluation. This research aims at helping other countries to gain a better understanding of China's modern industrial system.

For rural landscape management to run in virtuous circle, the present study has paid attention to the roles and activities of local residents and administration, which are the main sectors of managing landscape. In this respect, this study is aimed to arrange the roles of local residents and administration for landscape management and propose the basic data necessary to develope evaluation index for effectiveness of rural landscape policy. Key findings and implications are as follows. First, literature reviews of 18 landscape management studies found 37 administrative roles and 7 roles of local residents. And those roles were classified into 3 factors by similar concept: 'local government support system', 'landscape management planning', and 'promoting the participation of residents'. Second, two Delphi surveys were conducted with landscape experts to verify the validity of those evaluation items by sector. Third, factor analysis was carried out to analyze the hierarchical structure of those evaluation items. 3 sub-factors were extracted from 'local government support system' sector; 2 sub-factors from the 'landscape management planning' sector; and 4 sub-factors from the 'promoting participation of residents' sector. Fourth, the hierarchy of those evaluation factors was divided into high and low classes and sub-indexes were structured to examine the relative importance of each class and assign a relative weight on each index. The most important sub-factors were turned out as follows: 'local residents' will to practice landscape activities (0.112)', 'local government budget for rural landscape management (0.088), and 'restriction on buildings by village regulation (0.068). It indicates the viewpoints of the landscape experts that local residents' voluntary participation in landscape activities and agreement of local residents on landscape management by village, e.g. village regulation, are preconditions for successful landscape management. In addition, it is significant for a local government to secure the budget of landscape management to support local residents support.

The purpose of the study was to review ecosystem service researches and show the trend to guide researchers who want to study ecosystem service. Ecosystem service has been a theoretical base for conservation of nature such as grand mountains, rivers and so on. Moreover, reviewed studies showed economical, social, environmental values of ecosystem service in nature as well as in urban to support ecosystem service theory. By leading metropolitan governments in America, Canada and european and asian countries, the urban tree canopy(UTC)s’ ecosystem services have been evaluated quantitatively and accumluated as urban forestry data. This global trend has an implication that the study of UTC and its ecosystem service can support the provision of urban forestry and green spaces and especially, Korean cities should realize UTCs’ values on ecosystem services and start to apply them institutionally to enhance their urban environment.

우리나라 수해 통계정보를 얻을 수 있는 자료로는 재해연보로서, 시설물 복구비 지원 위주의 단순 통계 집적 관리 목적으로 작성되어 방재정책 수립시 필요한 기본정보로서의 수준이 미흡하다. 반복되는 재해에 따른 피해액과 복구비 등의 국가적 손실을 최소화하기 위해서는 직접피해뿐 아니라 실제 체감할 수 있는 사회·경제 전반에 걸친 재해 정보를 통한 홍수피해 예측으로 타당한 방재 대책을 수립할 수 있는 의사결정 정보가 필요하다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 수해 통계정보의 현황을 파악할 수 있는 수준평가 방안을 마련하였다. 방재 선진국의 홍수피해 산정을 위한 피해대상항목 및 피해액 도출방법 등의 통계 정보조사 및 브레인스토밍을 통해서 평가지표는 크게 피해조사 항목 적정성과 피해 산정 방법의 정밀도로 구분하고, 세부지표로는 직·간접 피해 정보의 적정성, 공간단위 정밀도, 직·간접피해 산정의 정밀도 등으로 구성하여 국내 수해통계 정보에 적용하였다. 향후 동일한 수준평가 항목을 일본, 미국 등 국외 수해통계 정보에 적용하여 수준을 평가하고, 국내의 수준과 비교분석을 통하여 국내 수해통계의 문제점에 대한 개선방안이 도출된다면 수해정보의 정확도 및 활용성 향상으로 효율적인 방재정책 수립이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

According to the increase of rural experience, that is important in satisfying needs of green tourism and vitalizing rural economy to use closed school in rural area as experience facility. For using closed school as experience facility, political and institutional assistants are needed in effective equipments and stable operation based on multi-perspective approach and analysis. In this study, we try to evaluate green-tourism accessibility of rural experience facility remodeled from closed school considering regional population and spatial characteristics. In evaluating process, gravity potential model are adapted with considering group size of customer and distance-friction coefficient. Distance-friction coefficient is a function of user restriction which depend on possible activity in each experience facility. Green tourism accessibility of experience facility is calculated with summation of accessibility to each region, and we analyzed it as a group by closed school type and location with application in Chungcheongnam-do. We found a correlation between green tourism accessibility of rural closed school and their income.

The present study construct a new technique that can evaluate diverse rural policies, which have been applied to the rural development programs at the village level. The method incorporates spatial econometrics models with a decomposition method that has little been utilized before. We applies the technique to evaluate the rural development programs that have been carried out by the Korea Forest Service and. Korea Rural Development Agency. The technique proved to be quite useful in that the technique efficiently separate the direct effect caused by the government policy from the effect explained by the endowment effect such as regional or area characteristics, and residual effect that cannot be identified by the models. The present study concludes with suggesting more quantitative methods need to be developed to evaluate diverse government policy programs, which enables us to discern correct policy effects.

위험도 평가기준을 발전함수를 고려하여 단일저수지에 적용한 박명기 등(2001)의 혼합정수계획법 모형을 다중저수지군 운영에 적합하도록 개선하였다. 본 모형중의 축차선형계획기법(SLP)은 목적함수중 수력발전함수의 선형화를 위하여 적용되었으며, 저수지 방류량의 합리적인 월별 방류배분을 위하여 수력발전량에 대한 가중치를 발전시간 수준별로 적용하도록 정식화요소에 반영하였다. 개선된 모형은 한강수계 5개 저수지군에 시험적용 하였으며, 수계내 연계운영을 위한 복합저