본 연구의 목적은 교정공무원들이 퇴직 후 삶을 어떻게 준비하고 있는지를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 퇴직 준비를 하고 있는 5년 이내 퇴직 예정 교정공무원 10명을 대상으로 심층면접을 실시하였고, 수집된 자료를 합의적 질적 연구방법(CQR)으로 분석하였다. 분석결과 교정공무원들의 퇴직준비는 4개 범주와 11개의 하위 범주로 도출되었는데, 4개의 범주는 ‘퇴직준비의 의미와 현실’, ‘퇴직준비를 위한 개인적 자원’, ‘퇴직을 위한 구체적인 준비행동’과 ‘퇴직준비를 위한 대안’이다. 연구결과를 종합해 보면, 교정공무원들이 퇴직 후에도 일을 하려는 이유는, ‘퇴직 후 건강한 삶을 살기 위해’, ‘사회에 기여함으로써 삶의 보람을 느끼기 위해’, ‘이루지 못한 꿈과 유사한 일을 하기 위해’서 인것으로 나타났다. 그리고 재직 중 퇴직준비의 어려움은 경제 사정과 근무 환경으로 나타났고, 현직에서의 업무 경험은 퇴직 후 진로 전환에 크게 도움이 되지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 바탕으로, 본 연구는 교정공무원의 퇴직준비를 돕기 위한 정책적 방안과 교정공무원의 특성에 부합하는 퇴직지원프로그램의 방향을 제안하였다.

The number of North Korean defectors in South Korea has reached 30,000, however, it has been reported that many of them still have adaptation problems. Research on adaptation of North Koreans to South Korean society has been approached mainly from social, economic, and psychological perspectives, and little research has been conducted on their adaptation in terms of lifestyle of North Koreans in South Korean society. Adaptation to daily life pattern in a new social-cultural environment may be examined in the context of acculturation. As a part of the daily life, we are focusing on North Korean defectors’ clothing behavior and how they use clothing as a strategic tool for their adaptation to South Korea. The results of this study may provide marketers the information needed to develop mobile applications to help the North Korean defectors adapt to South Korean fashion style. This research also examined the impact of fashion SNS and word-of-mouth communication as a means of identity formation. In depth interviews using snowball sampling were conducted with 10 North Korean defectors in their 20s and 40s who agreed to voluntarily participate in the research from December 2016 to February 2017. The findings from the interviews are as follows. First, according to Berry’s(1997) types of acculturation, North Korean defectors were classified based on the subjective aspects(e.g. clothing norms) and objective aspects(e.g. clothing purchase behavior) of their daily clothing behavior. The Integrators still tried to abide by the clothing norm acquired in North Korea, but at the same time accepted the clothing norms of South Korea and tried to change their personal ideal. In the objective aspects, their clothing styles still reflect North Korean fashion norms, yet they newly acquire norms regarding thin body ideals or skin care management in the South. They also showed the change of store preference and choices as they become adapted to South Korean culture. The second group, Assimilators show high degree of acceptance of South Korean culture. They regarded the sense of belonging to South Korean society and appearance management as important. Many of them played a role as a fashion adviser among their North Korean peers while they have formed and kept the social network with South Korean. Thirdly, Segregators are the people who try to maintain North Korean culture and try to segregate from the South Korean (host) culture. Defectors in this type still abided by the clothing norms they acquired while in North Korea, and had a negative viewpoint on the South Koreans' styles. They still preferred North Korean fashion style, and were familiar with using North Korean words for expressing terminology related to fashion. Finally, Marginalized group is the people who consider themselves being individual and independent self-standing entity with low degree of acceptance of South and North Korean culture. They sought to express their own individuality before and after defecting by creating their own style. This study may contribute to the understanding of adaptation process, not only of North Korean defectors, but also other immigrants to other countries.

The purpose of this study was to examine visually impaired people's clothing behavior, using a qualitative approach. The results are intended to be used as baseline data to make an instrument that can measure the factors that have an effect on visually impaired people's clothing needs from the perspective of environmental and social relationship contexts. This study was made through in-depth interviews with people with grade-1 visual impairment, and the results were as follows: First, when purchasing clothing, they were accompanied by trusted people, and chose trusted brands and trusted products. They spent as little time as possible, did not try on many clothes, and they preferred colors, designs, and purchase methods that carried as low a risk as possible. Second, they wanted basic product information and simple procedures when purchasing and using clothing products. Third, they were able to manage their own clothes themselves. However, there was insufficient laundry information available. Fourth, the main reason why visually impaired people took care of their appearance was that they wanted to look neat and clean to be respected by others. Based on the study results, it is necessary to provide information on clothing to improve quality of life and welfare and thus ensure visually impaired people’s independence.

Do automobile test drive reviews really deliver objective information to consumers with scientific expressions? For the analysis, samples were collected from eighteen media outlets -- ten Korean and eight foreign. Collected samples of car reviews were analyzed in terms of sentence unit and classified into two categories: either a sentence with scientific expressions or a sentence with non-scientific expressions. Result showed that car review from 9 medias only had portion of sentence with scientific expressions exceeding 50 percent. Result supports this research's hypothesis that "test drive review of automobile isn't scientific."

본 연구의 목적은 질적 연구로 연구방법을 통해 남성 상담자와 내담자 총 4인의 상담관계 체험을 분석함으로써 그들 체험에 대한 보다 풍부한 이해를 하는 것이다. 현상학적 연구 질문 의 인터뷰 축어록을 사용, 이러한 질적 연구의 타당화를 위해 전문가 3명과의 세미나를 통한 삼각화 기법을 사용하였으며 첫째, 내담자(상담자)와의 상담전반의 인상 둘째, 치료동맹의 형 성 셋째, 내담자(상담자)와 상담전반의 어려움 넷째, 내담자 변화에 대한 상담자와 내담자의 관점 다섯째, 내담자(상담자)와의 관계체험을 통한 통찰의 다섯 가지 구성요소를 도출 분석하 였다. 첫째, 남성 상담자의 상담관계 체험은 다음과 같다. 남성 상담자는 상담 초기에 부담, 걱정이 있었지만, 내담자와의 상담관계를 통해 내담자의 변화를 보게 되면서, 상담자 자신에 대한 자 각과 통찰이 일어나게 되었으며, 이를 통해 상담자 자신의 삶의 변화를 체험하였다. 둘째, 내담자의 상담관계 체험은 다음과 같다. 내담자는 과거의 상처로, 상담 초 남성 상담자 에 대해 경계적 모습을 보이나, 남성 상담자와의 관계 체험을 통해, 자기 삶의 긍정적 변화를 체험, 상담자와의 관계, 상담자에 대한 인식이 변화, 이 변화가 현재까지 지속되고 있음을 체험 하였다.

Over the last five years the notion of ‘third space’ or ‘place’ has started to become referred to within a retail context (Nobbs & Manlow 2014). Third space is defined by Mikunda (2004: 11) as “somewhere which is not work or home but a comfortable space to browse, relax and meet people, even enjoy a meal”. In the fashion sector there is an increasing trend for retail and culture/leisure activities to be housed in the same space as means of drawing customers into the store and tempting them to stay for longer. However there is a lack of both empirical and conceptual research on this emergent concept (Oldenberg1999). The aim of this study is to investigate the notion of third space in practice from both a brand and consumer perspective with respect to identifying the motives and methods for its adoption. Experiences form an integral part of third space as they activate psychological experience mechanisms (Mikunda 2006). This study will consider the motivations for stakeholders to invest in third space environments using the chosen case study fashion brand Urban Outfitters. This retailer has a history of creating unconventional store formats which blend music, lifestyle and fashion products under one roof. In 2008 they created a development called Space fifteen twenty in Los Angeles which was a curated mix of ownbrand and lifestyle brands and featured food, art, vintage and programme of events aimed at the hipster community. In 2014 they opened a store called Space 98 in Williamsburg in Brooklyn which used the same formula, a carefully selected space with an art gallery, revolving pop up stores and a bar and restaurant (WGSN 2014). The research methodology utilises a qualitative approach in the form of store observations, in-depth interviews with store and head office staff, the architect and also snapshot exit interviews with patrons of the store. The results are audio recorded and analysed using thematic content analysis. The outcome of this exploratory technique will provide a 360 degree perspective of the concept in action. The results of the study will be useful for academics and retail marketing practitioners interested in the impact of store formats on consumer behaviour and brand identity.

본 연구의 주요한 목적은 기업이 연구개발활동을 위하여 정부지원을 받은 경우 에 그렇지 않은 경우와 비교하여 부가성 효과가 나타나는지와 부가성 효과가 나타난다면 왜, 어떻게 나타나는지를 탐색적으로 규명하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 대전지역의 12개 중소⋅중 견기업을 대상으로 다중사례연구를 진행하였다. 분석을 위하여 기업의 연구개발활동 과정에 따라 기업의 R&D 노력에 영향을 주는 다 양한 요소와 이들에 따른 R&D 투자와 의사결정 단계, 기업의 R&D 노력을 통한 행동변 화단계, 기업의 R&D 노력에 의한 성과와 피드백단계로 구분하여 전반적인 R&D 활동 및 부가성에 대한 사례를 조사하였다. 아울러, 기업의 유형과 기업의 성장단계에 따른 효과성 의 차이를 확인하였다. 실증연구 결과 기업의 연구개발활동에 따른 투입, 행동, 산출부가성이 다양하게 존재하는 것으로 확인되었다. 기업은 창업기의 기업일수록 R&D 활동에서 정부지원사업에 대한 의존 성이 매우 높았으며 기업의 주요한 제품개발과 신규사업으로의 전환을 위한 연구개발을 위 하여 정부지원사업을 전략적으로 활용하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 기업의 유형과 기업의 성 장단계 별로 각 기업이 정부지원사업으로 추진하는 사업의 성격과 정부지원사업을 활용하는 태도가 다르게 나타났다.

The luxury consumption has been pertinent to those aged around forties to fifties in the upper class. Recently, luxury product market became wide and is varying in age segments. Young consumers’ luxury consumption shows a rapid growth worldwide. Despite the global financial crisis, advanced information technology and globalized marketing strategies accelerate luxury consumption rate in vast. This phenomenon of luxury consumption is critically relevant to consumer social psychology. While people have various relationships with others in their own societies, they carry out impression management for themselves. Consumers try to identify themselves with goods, services, and images of brands or products. More importantly, congruency between their ideal images of themselves and consuming objects plays an important role in luxury consumption in recent years.

Based on qualitative interviews with mobile market research experts, a comprehensive framework for assessing the methodological potential of data collections via smartphones is developed. The findings serve as a basis for the development of new approaches to collect data via smartphones.

This study aimed to investigate the perception, consumption, and acceptability of convenience mealsin low-income female elderly attending a lunch program at a community well fare center. Using in-depth interviews, qualitative data were collected 11 elderly females (62.5±11.2y) living in Seoul. Participants tried to eat various foods in small-portionsat home, although they ate out what they were offered. Elderly females preferred lunch box-type meals containing a bowl of rice served with toppings, gruel, or Bibimbop due to the growing unavailability of cooking or preparing a meal. Side-dish type convenience mealswere also preferred among elderly females since boiled rice can be easily prepared according to individual preferences. In addition, participants preferred healthy foods. Convenience meal planning and production, appropriate kinds of foods, cooking methods, menus, and packaging should be selected based on the elderly's functional atrophy in chewing, swallowing,digestion, and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, food preferences and comfort foods among the elderlyneed to be identified and characterized. Therefore, more information, including bite size, cutting size, and food texture, should be provided to understand and develop convenience meals for the elderly.

This study was an experimental qualitative study on the characteristics of fashion brand's mobile SNS. The study was focused on mobile Facebook and identified the characteristics of fashion brand's mobile SNS. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 people in the 20s, who have used fashion brand's mobile Facebook application and currently live in Seoul or Gyeonggi province. After analysis of the in-depth interview data, four characteristics of fashion brand's mobile SNS were identified as follows. First, it was possible to access fashion brand's mobile SNS at any time anywhere, if users needed brand-related information. In this study, this characteristic was named 'fashion accessibility'. Second, it was possible to access update-information using fashion brand's mobile SNS or get up-to-date information about the brand in real-time. In this study, this characteristic was named 'fashion recentness'. Third, it was possible to store or capture fashion brand-related images and texts. In this study, this characteristic was named 'ease of storage of fashion data'. Fourth, fashion brand's mobile SNS was useful in various ways to fashion consumers, so this characteristic was named 'fashion usefulness' in this study. The study extracted 10 sub-characteristics of the characteristics of fashion brand's mobile SNS based on the results of a qualitative study. This study has significant value which suggests directions for future research. Also, this paper is expected to provide managerial implications to fashion companies that need to develop mobile SNS marketing strategies.

The importance of interaction between surface water and groundwater has been increased for the understanding and analyzing hydrological cycle in natural stream system. In this study, the interaction between surface water and groundwater is qualitatively analyzed by using a field measurement of water level and temperature in Guamcheon stream, South Korea. The results show that temperature measurement is necessary to assess the interaction between surface water and ground water not only water level. The interactions between surface water and groundwater in short stream can be analyzed by using this method and the accuracy of stream-groundwater interactions can be enhanced in the concept of hydrological analysis by adding the temperature variation data. Consequently, this method based on field measurement can be expected as a basic procedure for qualitative study on stream-groundwater interactions.

The purpose of this study was to examine the outdoor sportswear purchase behavior, outdoorwear sportswear brand preference, functional fabric awareness, and benefits sought. The research was performed through in-depth interview during February to March 2011. Data were collected from 10 consumers who had purchased outdoor sportswear and experienced camping in 6 months. First, the results from study showed that functionality/comfortability, design, color, and brand name were important factors in selecting outdoor sportswear. Offline stores were the main place to purchase, however, internet shopping mall and portal online community were another shopping channel as well. Second, respondents preferred imported outdoor sportswear brand to national brand. According to the study, the respondents trusted the imported outdoor sportswear quality based on the brand name, value, and brand history more than national brand. Third, consumers who had low functional fabric awareness were more likely to evaluate apparel products based on the brand name. Knowledge levels for textile functions were high in elastic, UV protection, air permeable, and antibacterial properties. The essential features for camping were water absorbing and quick dry, water resistance, wind proof, UV protection, and fire retardant properties. Finally the results showed that there were two sportswear benefit soughts: functionality and status ostentation.

To examine the key success factors for long-lasting restaurants, we visited 10 restaurants with 30 or more than 30 years of tradition, located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do districts, to research these restaurant menus and customer characteristics by observation and interview. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The outstanding feature noted was that each and every restaurant had its own simple and specialized menu. We found that this feature created a virtuous circle that reinforced itself through a positive feedback loop. The simple and specialized menu increased both the cooking efficiency and food quality while it reduced both food and labor costs, this enabled the customers to eat at an affordable price and have generous servings. This lead to customer satisfaction and revisits to the restaurant, which triggered word-of-mouth referral and expansion of their customer base. This in turn created higher operating profit margins that could be reinvested in the business. The secret recipes for cooking, invented by their founders, were passed on from generation to generation. Their customer base included customers of all ages from children to senior people. And their regular customers consisted of neighboring office workers and families traveling from a long distance. We hope that our findings on long-lasting restaurants, especially of the virtuous cycle created due to the simple and specialized menus with secret recipes, will contribute to the development of Korean style long-lasting restaurant model.

This paper examines 38 qualitative case studies, published from 2007 to 2009, to critically review whether the core notions of qualitative inquiry have been realized in the articles published within last three years. Based on the integrated criteria of evaluation from several researchers, one can conclude that most of the participating case studies in this study lack negative case analyses, which challenge researcher's hypotheses or beliefs. As a result, the credibility of the researchers’ interpretations is seriously threatened. In addition, the notion of triangulation has still not been represented, although participating researchers claim that they did collect data from a variety of sources in their studies. To reach a credible conclusion, all researchers would agree that negative case analysis and data triangulation are not options but necessary conditions, especially in case studies. To fill the gap between the qualitative researchers’ awareness of these standards and their failure to represent the results in incorporated and systematic ways, the researcher of this study postulates that adopting a computer assisted qualitative data analysis system (CAQDAS) may not only enhance the quality of analysis, but make the writing process less complicated.

The purposes of this case study were (1) to explore one experienced teacher's views on Earth Systems Education and (2) to describe and document the characteristics of the Earth Systems Education (ESE) curriculum provided by an exemplary middle school science teacher, Dr. J. All the essential pieces of evidence were collected from observations, interviews with the experienced teacher and his eighth grade students, informal conversations, document analysis, and field notes. The NUD*IST for MS Windows was used for an initial data reduction process and to narrow down the focus of an analysis. All transcriptions and written documents were reviewed carefully and repeatedly to find rich evidence through inductive and content analysis. The findings revealed that ESE provided a conceptual focus and theme for organizing his school curriculum. The curriculum offered opportunities for students to learn relevant local topics and to connect the classroom learning to the real world. The curriculum also played an important role in developing students' value and appreciation of Earth systems and concern for the local environment. His instructional strategies were very compatible with recommendations from a constructivist theory. His major teaching methodology and strategies were hands-on learning, authentic activities-based learning, cooperative learning, project-based learning (e.g., mini-projects), and science field trips. With respect to his views about benefits and difficulties associated with ESE, the most important benefit was that the curriculum provided authentic-based, hands-on activities and made connections between students and everyday life experiences. In addition, he believed that it was not difficult to teach using ESE. However, the lack of time devoted to field trips and a lack of suitable resource materials were obstacles to the implementation of the curriculum. Implications for science education and future research are suggested.

This paper investigates the role of L2 learner beliefs in study-abroad (SA) contexts. To date, the research of learner beliefs has relied mostly on survey methods, missing qualitative, critical evaluation reflecting the learners’ voice. 8y adopting multiple qualitative research methods, idiosyncratic SA experience and learners' perception of it are reported by analyzing the data of two Korean college students experiencing changes in L2 learning beliefs and L2 proficiency before and after the SA. The data were collected through language learning autobiographies, semi-structured interviews, and stimulated recall tasks by using photos uploaded to the learners' personal web blogs. The findings show that 1) changes in L2 learning beliefs are related to thedegree of legitimate peripheral participation in SA contexts and 2) L2 learners' mode of belonging to the SA community is a useful conceptual framework for explaining their L2 learning beliefs and their sense of success in SA experience. The results suggest that the crucial factor for successful SA L2 learning may not be L2-rich contexts per se but be the learners' recognition of and appreciation for L2 participation.