The enthusiasm and expectation of Korean churches for short-term mission is tremendous today. As a result, the number of short-term missionaries reaches 100,000 per year approximately. There are several reasons though, Korea's economic growth, church growth, and overseas travel liberalization since January 1, 1989 are inferred as a major steppingstones for the explosive growth of short-term mission. The expectation for short-term mission of Korean churches can be categorized into two according to their intention. One is for local church growth and the other is for training of candidates for long-term mission. In any events, short-term mission today not only contributes to the attainment of goal for sharing the gospel in a cross-cultural environment in a short period, but also settles down as an effective program for church growth. However, negative view on short-term mission appears at the same time. Externally critics on short-term mission suddenly stood up since the hostage affair of short-term missionaries sent by Saemmul church in Afganistan on July 19, 2007. This was a big challenge for Korean churches, regardless of evangelical or ecumenical position, to understand the importance of comprehending local culture in mission field. Internally, the need of awareness in terms of self-reflection on short-term mission in the circle of Korean churches occurred. This came from the consciousness of crisis of the depression of Korean church growth, the weakness of long-term missionaries, the misrepresentation of short-term mission, and the official complaint to the essentiality of missionary work. Thus, more systematic and strategic training and theoretical theologizing works are needed today in Korea. Normally short-term mission means overseas missionary work between one and four year period, but nowadays it is accepted as a visiting tour of mission field in a period of a week or so. It also called differently according to the purpose, the motive, and the characteristic of the mission organization, such as short-term ministry, short-term service, mission trip, vision trip, exploratory training, and the like. However, the contents of these programs are almost similar, and thus, the name is often changed according the vision of mission organization and the solidity of the program. In this situation, this article surveys the problems of short-term mission from a missiological perspective and aims to suggest some alternatives. For this purpose, this study first analyzes the contents of publications related to short-term mission, and then discusses missiological issues to propose some alternatives.

The missiological tension with regard to the question of salvation and humanization is dynamic, and it is found in the different perspectives between the WCC camp and Lausanne camp or evangelical and ecumenical camps on the mission. Although the naps are getting narrowed thanks to the holistic missiology, the tension still exists in the Korean context, of which example is the CCK’s case that raised objection against hosting 2013 WCC conference. This paper is, focusing on the holistic feature of humanization and salvation, to provide a missiological base to overcome the problem caused by the discrepancy between K. Barth’s “God’s humanity” and Korean Christians’ inhumanity. It analyses style and patterns of criticism on Korean Christians, and argues that the culprit which causes Korean Christians' humanity to be criticised negatively is Christ-centered and Church-centered attitude of the Korean church, which is Korean evangelical camp’s theological stance. It points out that this is caused by lack of “God’s humanity” which helps Christians remain faithful to their own identity and mission. Therefore it suggests that this problem is solved when Christians acknowledge their own raison d'etre to realize God's humanity, and that by so doing the holistic balance between salvation and humanization is to be achieved. It also suggests ecological system and internet as a sample of holistic mission field which makes the interdependent mission possible.

Currently, dental implants are generally used for reconstruction of oromaxillofacial defects. Implants are widely used in dental and medical fields. The materials of implants are variable such as metals and ceramics. The materials of implants must be have not toxicity and biocompatibility to host and mechanical(physical) strength. Bones must be attached to titanium surface without any other tissues. many researcher's had studied for raising the osseointegration through various method which are including implants designs and materials. It was reported over 95% success ratio. many researcher's study the methods which are enhancing the speed of bone remodelling and osseointegration. Thermo dynamic therapy is one of the method to accelerlate the speed of bone remodelling and osseointegration. Thus it raise stability of implants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of diode laser irradiation for ossoeintegration in implant interface and between the implants threads. 24 New Zealand white rabbits which were about 3kg weight, used for experiment. 2 implant's were implanted every rabbit's tibia. 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks after implantation, tissue sample were removed from sacrificed rabbit's tibia. 8 rabbit's were sacrificed every 2, 4, 8 weeks and undecalcified sample were made from tissue sample. We have investigated the undecalcified samples by back scattered electron microscope. We have analysied the length rate and area rate in implant interface and inside the threads. The results were as follows. 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks experimental groups which were irradiated low level laser therapy showed rapid bone remodelling than control groups. It was suggested that Initial bone remodelling may be effected by LLLT because of implant bone contact ratio between 4th weeks and 8th weeks had no siginifant difference. Initial bone remodelling may be more influenced than later bone remodelling by LLLT because of new bone formation area ratio between implant threads had no significant differences during 4th to 8th weeks. According to above results, low level laser irradiation accerlate the new bone formation in implant interface and inside the implants threads at initial stage. there were many factors which are increasing the bone remodelling, because there were many differences between experimental and control groups. Low level laser irradiation were helpful for increasing the initial stage of bone remodelling because of above results.

현대사회는 어느 나라를 막론하고 사회 각계각층에서 인권에 대한 관심이 지대하다. 인권이 사회적 관계 속에서 형성되는 권리이기에 강자보다는 사회적 약자인 취약계층에서 인권문제가 제기되어 왔다. 인구 고령화로 인해 ‘보호(요양)’를 요하는 노인인구의 수가 날로 급증함에 따라 노인의 인권문제가 더욱 중요하게 고려되어야 하는 시점이다. 그런데 우리 사회는 아직 노인을 의존적인 존재로 보는 시각이 대다수이고, 노인을 권리를 가진 존재로 보는 시각은 정계와 일부 학계에서나 미약하게 존재하고 있을 뿐 아직 일반적이지 않다. 이에 본 논문은 노인의 인권에 대한 보다 새로운 인식과 확장에 기여함을 목적으로 노인인권과 관련된 국제규약들을 살펴보았다. 특히 노인을 위한 유엔원칙에서 제시한 독립, 참여, 보호, 자기실현, 그리고 존엄을 기준으로 우리나라 정책이 얼마나 노인의 인권보장을 제도화하고 있는지를 점검하였다. 그 결과 우리나라의 노인인권의 제도적 발전측면은 상당히 진전된 모습을 보이고 있었다. 우선 노인의 권리와 관련하여 노인복지법, 장애인․노인․임산부등의편의증진보장에관한법률, 노인장기요양보험법, 고령친화산업진흥법, 저출산․고령사회기본법, 기초노령연금법, 그리고 고용상연령차별금지및고령자고용촉진법 등의 여러 법제도가 마련되어 갖가지 노인의 권리를 규정하고 있다. 독립, 참여, 존엄, 그리고 의외로 자기실현에 대해서도 비교적 권리보장규정이 잘 되어있었다. 그러나 ‘보호’원칙의 측면은 가장 민감한 부분임에도 그 수준에 있어서 여전히 사회적 관심과 정책적 제고의 노력이 미흡한 측면이 있다. 앞으로 시설이용이 날로 증가할 것임에 시설에서의 노인의 자유와 사생활 보호, 나아가 자신이 받는 보호와 자신의 삶의 질을 결정하는 자기결정 등의 보호원칙에 대한 관심과 제도적 마련에 보다 많은 이론화와 정책결정가들의 노력이 필요하다고 본다.

As more and more the social environment change, the companies try to improve industrial structure. The role of enterprise changed direction from position power to communication power. Social contributed activity - representative of social responsible activities in companies - is means of communication with the community and new marketing strategy. The most important element of successful social contributed activity is member's volunteering minds. Volunteer mind based on practical behavioral philosophy. This is right people for company. In this paper, we discussed company social responsibility and suggested standard guide line for voluntary record reflection when the company hire new employees.

목적: 본 연구에서는 양극산화방법을 이용하여 착색된 티타늄 안경테의 산화막 두께에 따른 색상을 광 반사 스펙트럼을 통해서 규명하고자 한다. 방법: 양극산화 방법 제조 장치를 자체 제작하여 사용하였다. 연구에 사용한 티타늄 안경테원재료 조성은 EDS로 측정하였고, 구조분석은 XRD를 사용하여 X선 회절선으로부터 구하였다. 광 반사 측정은 UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer에 부착된 적분구를 사용했다. 결과 및 고찰: 조성 분석한 결과는 티타늄(Ti)이 97.09%와 탄소(C)2.91%로 합성된 합금으로 해석되었고, 구조는 Hexagonal이었다. 티타늄 안경테 재료에 인가 시간을 조정하여 산화막(TiO2) 두께를 변화시킴으로서 다양한 색상을 얻을 수 있었다. 광 반사 스펙트럼을 측정해 보면 양극산화 방법으로 착색한 티타늄 안경테는 양극산화 초기단계에서는 청색영역의 파장에서 하나의 넓은(broad)피크를 갖는 광 반사 스펙트럼이 관측되었고, 양극산화 시간이 진행되어 두께가 두꺼워 질수록 붉은색 영역에서 광 반사가 크게 일어나고, 피크도 분리되는 것을 알 수 있다. 결론: 티타늄 안경테의 색상은 양극산화에 의해 형성된 산화막의 굴절률과 두께에 의존한 광의 간섭효과에 의해서 변화는 것을 알 수 있다.

The optical reflection and the insertion loss department measurement system are composed of the optical direction coupler which is deriving the optical transmission of a message part and reflected light to the department of sphere optical. The optical technology that can measure microscopic optical to the present 0~ -60㏈m and the technology that can derive the stable laser are guaranteed, and in a mass production step, the uniformity part is a problem that should be solved for measuring the different optical spare parts, and the part can be solved sufficiently through the algorithm of repeat error modification and moving average arithmetic way. In this paper, the source used the distributed feedback laser diode when λ = 1310㎚, λ = 1550㎚, and the receiving optical department used InGaAs pin photo diode. The measurement scope was 0 ~ - 60㏈m for the optical reflection loss and insertion loss, and the disjointing was 0.01㏈, and the stability displayed 0.1㏈/h.

최근 들어 과학관과 학교 교육과정의 연계가 강조되고 있으나 과학관이 학교 교육과정을 어느 정도 반영하고 있는지를 가늠할 수 있는 기준은 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 과학관의 교육과정 반영의 정도를 객관적으로 판단할수 있는 기준을 개발하고 이를 이용하여 과학관 패널 전시 설명문을 평가하는데 있다. 이를 위해 중등학교 성취기준에 따른 평가 도구를 개발하였으며, 이를 이용하여 충청도지역의 세 과학관에서 지구과학 패널 전시 설명문의 교육과정 반영도와 교육과정 도달 수준을 측정하였다. 연구 결과 과학관 지구과학 패널 전시 설명문의 교육과정 반영도는 38.7%로 측정되었으며, 교육과정 도달 수준은 5.0 만점에서2.82로 평가되었다. 차후 과학관 전시물의 패널 전시 설명문의 수준을 결정하는 과정에서 교육과정의 성취기준에 대한 교육과정 반영도와 도달 수준의 평가 결과가 활용될수있기를 기대한다.

본 연구에서는 콘크리트의 건조수축을 저감시키며 강도와 내구성을 높임과 동시에 콘크리트의 주간 태양광에 의한 반사도를 줄인 저수축, 저반사, 고강도, 고내구성, 콘크리트 포장재료를 개발하였다. 문헌조사를 바탕으로 건조수축 저감과 장기강도 발현에 효과가 있는 플라이 애쉬와 반사도를 저감시키기 위하여 검은색 안료를 넣고 강도와 내구성을 좋게 하기 위해 최적입도를 고려하여 배합설계를 하였다. 실내실험을 통해 검은색 안료의 첨가율에 따른 명암값과 반사율은 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으며 최적입도를 고려하면 강도와 내구성에서 좋은 것으로 평가되었다. 또한 플라이 애쉬를 사용한 배합이 건조수축 저감에 효과가 있었으며 염화이온 침투 저항성도 높은 것으로 드러났다. 플라이 애쉬(25% 치환)와 검은색 안료(3% 첨가)를 넣고 최적입도를 고려한 배합이 건조수축과 반사율 저감, 강도와 내구성 향상에 가장 적합한 배합으로 판단하였다. 경제성 분석을 통하여 일반 콘크리트 포장보다 저수축 저반사 고강도 고내구성 콘크리트 포장이 초기공사비는 많은 것으로 분석되었지만 장기적인 관점에서 유지보수비용과 사회비용 감소로 인하여 경제성으로 타당한 것으로 나타났다.

이 연구의 목적은 교수매체의 효과성 논쟁이라 일컬어지는 Kozma와 Clark의 매체와 학습과의 관련성 논쟁에 관해 성찰해 보고, 현대 사회의 첨단 교수학습 매체가 학교 현장에서의 매체 활용 교육에 주는 시사점이 무엇인가를 탐색해 보고자 하는 것이었다.1990년대 중반에 시도된 교수매체의 효과성에 관해 논쟁에서 Kozma는 매체와 교육, 학습간의 관계를 긍정적으로 재개념화해야 할 필요성을 강조하면서 매체가 학습에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 조건이나 환경을 적극 탐색하여야 하며, 그러기 위해 지식이 구성되는 인지적, 사회적 과정에서 매체가 갖고 있는 가능성과 매체 활용 방법을 적극 고려할 필요가 있음을 강조하였다. 반면에, Clark은 교수매체와 교수방법을 명확히 구분해야 하며, 교수매체의 효과는 교수매체 자체에 의한 것이 아니라 교수매체를 활용하는 방법이나 교수매체 안에 함께 내재해 있는 교수전략이나 방법이라고 주장하였다. 이들의 논쟁은 교수매체의 효과성 향상을 위해서는 교수매체를 효과적으로 활용하기 위한 전략이나 방법을 어떻게 고안하느냐가 중요하다는 것을 일깨움과 동시에, 현대사회와 같이 매체의 영향력이 강해질 경우 교수매체가 학습에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 속성이나 조건, 환경 등을 적극적으로 탐색할 필요가 있음을 시사해 주고 있다.현대사회에서는 이동성과 편재성을 특징으로 하는 매체, 감성적 매체, 융합매체, 네트워크 기반 매체, 웹 2.0 기반 매체 등 다양한 특성의 매체들이 새롭게 등장하고 있다. 따라서 이러한 특성을 지닌 매체들을 학교 현장에서 효과적으로 활용하기 위해서는 이동성 매체를 위한 교수학습 전략과 모형의 개발, 매체를 활용한 정의적 특성 형성 교육, Blended Learning을 활용한 교수학습 활동, 상호작용 및 협동협력학습 강화, 지식생산자 및 창조자로서의 학습자 역할을 강조하는 매체의 활용과 같은 노력이 이루어질 필요가 있다.

This study reviewed the lives of maids of honor, the members of the court who assisted the royal family during Korea’s feudal monarchy, through the definitive Joseon Dynasty court literatures Gyechukilgi, Inhyeonwanghujeon, and Hanjungnok. Maids of honor originate from Tianguan Zhouzai (Celestial Ministry with the Prime Minister) chapter of China’s Zhouli (Rites of the Zhou). And because Korea was a dynasty, it is believed that maids of honor were part of the court since founding of the state, despite the lack of concrete records supporting the assumption. However, a mural painting from a tomb that dates back to the Goguryeo era does confirm the presence of maids of honor during its time. Details of the maid of honor hierarchy have been discovered through Samguksagi Japji’s Shila volume and records from Goryeo’s age of Hyeongjong, but it was officially organized during Joseon Dynasty’s age of Taejong. The official title of maids of honor was the royal court lady, which means someone who assists the royal family. Maids of honor had to spend their entire lives within the enclosed walls of the royal palace, and this explains why they are also called Gungin, Naein, or Nain. In addition, maids of honor included apprentice maids without an official rank and waiting women to the court ladies whose job it was to handle odd jobs. Responsibilities of the maids of honor were divided into jimil, docheong, and cheoso. Aside from these responsibilities of the systemized maid of honor hierarchy, specific tasks were assigned to servants of the royal nurse and maids of honor and servants assigned to assist the management of the palace and the royal family and their chambers outside the royal palace. Having been chosen out of a group of servants that were officially part of the king’s assets or a group of servants assigned to the government, maids of honor were people of a humble status. However, when a maid of honor became an official court lady after fifteen years of servitude at the royal palace, she was assigned with a level 9 official rank and received the corresponding wage. Then, after ten or twenty more years, she became a level 5 sangung, managing many servants under her and enjoying a specialist position that worked in shifts. As such, maids of honor silently continued on the tradition as masters of their various fields and played a leading role in the cultural epitome that is the royal court culture.

이 연구의 목적은 과학관 전시의 교육 과정 반영에 대한 평가 기준을 개발하고 적용하는 것이다. 이 목적을 구현하기 위하여 초등 과학과 지구과학 성취기준에 근거한 평가 기준을 개발하였고 이를 국립중앙과학관 전시에 적용하여 과학관 전시의 교육 과정 반영도와 평가 척도를 측정하였다. 연구결과 국립중앙과학관의 초등 과학과 교육 과정 중 지구과학 내용의 반영도는 52%이고 평가 척도는 3.53으로 평가되었다. 특히 지질 영역과 천문 영역에서는 높은 반영수준을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 국립중앙과학관이 비형식 교육 기관으로서 학교 과학 교육과 비교적 잘 연계되고 있음을 보여준다. 과학관은 학교 과학 교육과 연계되어야 하며, 그 과정은 과학관이 교육 과정을 충실히 반영하는 것으로부터 시작되어야 한다. 이를 위해 과학관이 교육 과정을 반영하는데 지표가 될 기준이 필요하다. 이러한 관점에서 이 연구의 결과는 과학관과 학교 과학 교육의 연계 수준을 진단하고 발전 방향을 설정하는데 필요한 기초 자료로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

Cancer cure and survival rate related directly to the stage of the cancer at the time of diagnosis. New techniques fOl ea rly screen system and diagnosis of normal and cancer a re required. Here, we investigate optical properties-based optical s igna tures of normal and cancer tissues that are different chemica lly and physically. At least 7 cases of each tissue type‘ including epidermis. dermis . subcutaneous fat. keratin pearl ‘ muscle, bone. skin. normal and cance r. were measured. As a result. difference in absorption, transmi ssion and reflectance of normal and cancer in oral tissue have the potential to pro vide for cancer screening. In particular. measuring transrnission in 400 nm to 800 nm (inclusive of 450 nmfor NADH. 540 nm 1'0 1' collagen) ‘ t his group noted a difference in auto-fluorescence spectra between normal and cancer specimens . We also noted that normal specimens are cha racterized by a slightly higher reflectance than cancer specimens in the 400 to 800nm And a bsorpt ion of normal is lower than cancer specimens. The diffe rences in transmission. refl ectance and absorpti on between normal and cancer s pecimens were statistically analyzed using student t-test. [n t his study. absor ption. t ransmi ssion and reflectance have been suggested as optimal for best discrirnination between normal and oral cancer specimen. We suggest that a optical integrating sphere is a useful tool for cancer sc reening. The results suggests the potentia l of an effec tive diagnosis system and accurate normal and cancerous tissue's optical coeffi cient

The purpose of the study was to explore the role of journal as a way to encourage pre-service teachers to reflect on their own learning experiences and to determine the extent of reflection through journal writing. Journals were kept by pre-service English teachers during a teacher preparation course where the focus was on the understanding of second language acquisition. Sixteen participants were juniors in an undergraduate teacher development program in a university in Korea. The journal entries the trainees kept were analyzed through content analysis method in relation to the dual role as learners and prospective teachers. Within this research framework, it was found that the pre-service English teachers reflected internally on their English learning experiences and could connect the concepts and abstract ideas to their personal experience of learning English. Also, pre-service teachers were able to display their reflective capabilities through the exercise of journal writing in spite of their limited L2 writing skills. From the findings it is suggested that journals can be used as a valuable tool for the teachers-in-preparation, both in developing reflective teachers and in generating powerful insights which later would influence their own classroom behavior and motivation as a teacher.

This study attempted to explore the possibility, potential and difficulties of reflective teaching through keeping teaching journals. The focus of reflection was also examined. Six primary English teachers wrote teaching journals throughout one semester. And they were interviewed regarding keeping teaching journals at the end of the semester. Then the contents of teachers’ journals and interviews were analyzed. The analysis of teachers’ journals shows that their reflection included teachers’ beliefs about teaching and learning, their decision making process on the use of learning activities, the problems of learner differences in English ability, the effects of learning activities, the structure of lessons, their role as a fully charged English teacher, the use of classroom English, and the concern about the improvement of students’ talk. The data analysis also reveals that the teachers considered journal writing as an opportunity to reflect and improve their teaching, thus being a means for professional development as an English teacher. However, the lack of time and not being familiar with keeping teaching journals were perceived difficulties in keeping teaching journals. Further, it was pointed out that the follow-up activities such as collaboration and discussion with other teachers or teacher educators were needed for journal writing to be a more beneficial tool for teachers’ professional development.

본 연구는 아스팔트 덧씌우기 포장에 나타나는 반사균열을 제어하기 위하여 노후된 시멘트 콘크리트 포장과 아스팔트 덧씌우기 포장 경계면에 보강재의 효과적인 부착 방법을 찾기 위하여 수행하였다. 이를 위한 부착재로는 RSC-4 유화아스팔트, 컴파운드, 불포화 폴리에스터 수지 (UPR) 등 3종류를 사용하였다. 또한 아스팔트 혼합물은 3종류의 밀입도 혼합물(AC 60-80, RLDPE 8%, PG 76-22)을 사용하였다. 보강 재료로서 유리섬유 그리드 하부에 직포가 부착된 것을 사용하였다. 복합모드 파괴(mode II)의 모사를 위한 촉진시험은 휠트랙킹 장비를 이용하여 수행하였다. 반사균열의 진전은 피로수명으로서 하중 사이클 수에 따라 측정하였고, 공시체의 변위는 각각 시험 공시체에 대하여 demec 게이지를 이용하여 측정하였다. 본 연구 결과, UPR 부착이 가장 효과적이었으며 다음은 RSC-4의 순이었다. 그러나 현장 적용성을 고려할 때 , RSC-4 유제가 보강 재료의 부착을 위해 적절한 선택으로 판단된다.