목적 : 경도인지장애를 가진 노인 운전자의 안전을 위해 운전상황에서 나타나는 위험요소를 예측하고, 운전 위험성 확인을 위해 사용할 수 있는 인지평가도구를 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 : “경도인지장애”와 “정상”노인 운전자 그룹으로 분류하여 운전평가와 인지평가를 실시한 무작위 대조군(Randomized Control Trial; RCT)연구 17편을 대상으로 메타분석을 실시하였다. Jadad 평가를 사용하여 질적 분석을 수행하였고, 각각의 위험요소와 인지평가도구에 대하여 통계적 이질성, 효과크기, 민감도 및 출판편의 검정을 실시하였다. 결과 : 선정된 연구들의 Jadad 평가는 “높은 질의 논문”으로 평가되었다. 인지평가도구의 효과크기 분석결과 길 만들기 검사-A (Trail Making Test-A; TMT-A), 길 만들기 검사-B (Trail Making Test-B; TMT-B), The Useful Field of View (UFOV-subtest 2) 모두 통계적으로 유의미하였다(p<.05). 각 효과크기는 TMT-A가 0.44, TMT-B가 0.54, UFOV-subtest 2가 0.52로 “큰 효과크기”로 해석할 수 있다. 또한 위험요소의 효과크기 분석결과 주행오차 항목만이 통계적으로 유의미하였다(p<.05). 각 효과크기는 주행오차가 0.83, 주행속도가 -0.17, 반응속도가 0.70, 브레이크가 0.47 그리고 회전은 –0.81이다. 따라서 주행오차와 회전은 “큰 효과크기”, 반응속도는 “중간 효과크기”, 브레이크는 “작은 효과크기”로 해석할 수 있다. 결론 : TMT-A, TMT-B와 운전 시 필요한 시지각 능력을 평가하는 UFOV–subtest 2는 경도인지장애를 가진 노인 운전자의 운전 위험성 확인을 위해 활용될 수 있다. 또한 위험요소에서 속도위반, 신호위반, 차량 정지선 위반을 의미하는 주행오차는 안전한 운전을 위한 추가적인 정보로서 활용될 수 있다.

PURPOSES: This study is to suggest heavy snow risk analysis in Seoul. METHODS: Recently, the increase of extreme weather caused by global warming raises the occurrences of unpredictable natural disasters and the loss potential of human disasters by land use facilities accumulation. It is necessary to develop the risk analysis for the natural and human disasters. RESULTS : In this study, heavy snow risk analysis among natural disasters in Seoul was suggested. The spatial unit of risk analysis level was established for the lines and administrative districts. CONCLUSIONS : The risk analysis was performed using risk matrix of disaster occurrence score and disaster damage score. The components affecting the risk disaster analysis by types were analyzed and the application of heavy snow risk analysis was suggested.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of risk awareness on injury experience in quick delivery service workers. Risk awareness has complicate characteristics such as its level of worker and worker's decision about the level of other's risk perception. Data were collected by interview survey with structured questionnaire about injury experience, risk perception, work characteristics, and socio-demographic characteristics of quick delivery service workers by cross sectional survey design in 2012. The sample size was 120 respondent of quick delivery service workers. Statistical method for this study was hierarchical logistic regression method with 3 different models using socio-demographic characteristics and work characteristics and risk perception, etc. The difference between the level of risk perception of quick delivery service and other’s was statistically significant effect on the experience of injury. Especially the higher the level of risk perception of quick delivery service workers is than other’s, the lower the injury experience of quick delivery service worker is. The limitation of this study can be found in survey design. The future study for investigation of mechanism of the combined effect of risk perception of quick delivery service workers and others on injury experience.

The classification of risk factors and the identification of risk acceptance criteria are core works to assess risk levels with high enough confidential level in the field of marine traffic environment. In the previous study work, the twenty kinds of risk factors and its assessment criteria for the domestic marine traffic environment were proposed. In this paper, with these previous studying results, the relative importance of the risk factors were analyzed by questionnaire survey of marine traffic experts using the analytic hierarchy process. The analysis results showed that the relative importance of the visibility restriction is the highest among the twenty kinds of risk factors, and the relative importance of the traffic condition is the highest among the five kinds of risk categories. As results from analysis, it is expected that the approaching method on the relative importance is to be one of basic techniques for the development of risk assessment models in the domestic marine traffic environment.

According to Department of labor guideline “2012-104 (2012.9.26.)” This study is to suggest the basic information and the improvement for the application of risk assessment on a construction site by group interview & survey of construction worker who is the practice of the subject and then numerical analysis about awareness and action plan of Safety and health. The result of group interview and survey of construction worker, most of construction worker feel the danger during the work. Then construction worker analysis results that risk assessment helps to change & raise awareness of safety and reduce an industrial disaster. Easy Safety management activity such as TBM & safety education active will be necessary for safe worksite and then I suggest the TBT(tool box talk) active which combines TBM & safety education.

For the matter of elevator, one of the multi-use facilities for unspecified public, the JIS has re-established and reformed to apply to the environment in South Korea for the past 20 years. In the aspect of safety assurance, it was inevitable to suggest improved measures. The government, Ministry of Public Administration and Security has secured the safety by enhancing the safety management functions in the elevator inspection standards and expanding its safety device measures. Further, the international inspection standard has been introduced, which is about unifying inspection standard system into the international standard code. In March 14th 2012, the international standard (EN) has been amended and fully announced. Escalator and passenger conveyor among lift devices have several common danger factor that cause safety accident. First, the accident caused by decreased braking power of brake. Second, the accident caused by the rate difference between handrail and tread-board. Third, the accident caused by defects of contraflow preventing device or carelessness inspection. Fourth, the accident caused by wet tread-board or wet floor of platform which makes passenger slip and fall. As the improvements to prevent and reduce these negligent accidents, the inspection list to check and methods should be subdivided and applied for each accident likelihood cause for safety management enhancement and safety assurance of existing escalator and passenger conveyors. The escalators and passenger conveyors without safety devices in existence should be obliged to modify the part of the system or install additional safety device. With making these measures obligations, it requires to improve the system to be suitable for the international inspection standard and to have measures to prevent safety accidents. It also needs to arrange improvements for skid accident of tread-board by the external environment factors such as snow and rain.

PURPOSES: This paper presents the results of computer simulations of roadside safety barrier, called by safety roller guardrail, consisting of rotational roller, rotation control plate, post and subsidiary members. The rotation roller and rotation control plate are made by EVA(ethylene vinyl acetate), and PE(polyester), respectively. METHODS: The occupant risk analysis has been carried out under vehicle crash condition for high containment level of SB-4 for the purpose of local road. Simulations are performed with the finite element code LS/DYNA-3D. RESULTS: The numerical results obtained by LS/DYNA-3D software from the viewpoints of vehicle stability, vehicle trajectory, occupant risk, etc. CONCLUSIONS: It is noted that not only impact severity is drastically reduced but also vehicle trajectory is improved due to the characteristics of energy absorption and rotation pattern of EVA rollers connected by control plates.

유류를 포함한 HNS의 물동량이 증가 추세에 있음에도 불구하고, 우리나라에서는 HNS 해상운송 중에 발생한 사고의 분석과 위험에 관한 연구가 미진하다. HNS는 형태와 종류가 다양하고 사고발생시 피해가 심각하게 나타난다. 액체화물운반선(유조선, 케미컬탱커선, 액화가스탱커선 등)의 사고에 대한 원인을 분석하고 위험성에 대한 연구가 필요하다.

본 연구는 소방대원의 화재진압 업무를 인간공학적 평가도구(RULA, REBA)를 이용 하여 분석하고 타업종(병원, 자동차업종)과의 비교를 수행하였다. 첫째, 소방대원들의 업무 중 화재진압 업무의 인간공학적 작업자세 분석 및 평가하여 극단적인 작업자세에 대해서 살펴보았다. 요구조자 1인 운반법은 RULA, REBA의 평가 결과에서 모두 정밀조사가 필요하고 즉시 개선․조치가 요구되는 4단계로 평가되었다. 둘째, 화재진압 업무와 타업종과(병원, 자동차업종)의 분석 결과를 비교 분석을 실시 하였다. RULA로 평가한 결과 3, 4단계가 차지하는 비율이 72%로 자동차 업종(74%) 에서의 평가결과 보다 낮게 나타났지만 병원업종(37%)보다는 높게 나타났다. REBA로 평가한 결과 3, 4단계가 차지하는 비율이 36%로 병원(9%)과 자동차 업종(24%)에서의 평가결과보다 높게 평가된 것으로 나타났다.

PURPOSES: This study is to investigate the consideration which relates with a disaster from route alignment process and proposed the method it will be able to evaluate a disaster danger fixed quantity. METHODS: Use the landslide disaster probabilistic map of GIS based and in about landslide occurrence of the route alignment at the time of neighboring area after evaluating a risk fixed quantity, it compared LCC expense in about each alternative route. It developed the system it will be able to analyze a LCC and a disaster risk in about the alternative route. In order to verify a risk analytical algorithm and the system which are developed it selected national road 59 lines on the demonstrative route and it analyzed a disaster risk. RESULTS: Demonstrative route not only the disaster risk to be it will be able to compare a disaster risk fixed quantity like the economical efficiency degree in compliance with LCC expense productions it compared and there being the designer will be able to decide the alternative route, it confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: Roads can be designed by considering occurs repeatedly landslides and debris flow caused by disasters in advance and expect to be able to effect that can reduce the overall cost to recover losses caused by the disaster, and temporally loss is expected.

Recently, the breakdown of online banking servers and the leakage of customer information give rise to much concern about the security of information systems in financial and banking companies in Korea. The enforcement of security for information system becomes much more important issue than earlier. However, the security reinforcement of information system is restricted by a budget. In addition, the activities' cost to secure information system from threatening are under uncertain circumstances and should be established by a human decision maker who is basically uncertain and vague. Thus, making the budget for information system is exposed to any extent of the risk for these reasons. First, we introduce brief fuzzy set theory and fuzzy AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) methodology. Then, the cost elements that comprise yearly budget are presented and the priorities among the cost elements are calculated by fuzzy AHP. The cost elements that are exposed to risk are evaluated from the both perspectives of the risk impact and risk occurrence possibility which are expressed as linguistic terms. To get information on the risk profiles-pessimistic, most likely, and optimistic-for each cost element, the evaluation is accomplished and the result is presented. At last, the budget ranges-minimum, mode, maximum-for each cost element are estimated with the consideration of the risk profiles.

본 연구에서는 안전한 토마토를 생산하기 위한 농산물우수관리제도(Good Agriculture Practices; GAP) 모델 확립의 기초 자료를 제공하고자 경남에 소재한 토마토 재배 농가 중 토경 재배 3 농가와 양액 재배 3 농가를 대상으로 수확단계에서의 생물학적(위생지표세균, 병원성 미생물, 곰팡이), 화학적(중금속, 농 약) 및 물리적 위해요소를 조사하였다. 먼저 생물학적 위해요소 분석결과, 일반세균과 대장균군은 토경재배 농장의 토양에서 최대 7.5 및 5.0 log CFU/g으로 양액재배 농장의 양액보다 0.1~2.8 log CFU/g 높 은 수준으로 검출되었다. 그 외 다른 시료에서의 일반세균 및 대장균군의 경우 토경재배 농장에서는 1.7~6.5 및 0.3~2.9 log CFU/g, leaf, mL, hand or 100cm2로 검출되었고 양액재배 농장에서는 각각 1.1~5.7 및 0.1~4.0 log CFU/g, leaf, mL, hand or 100cm2로 검출되었다. 대장균은 모든 시료에서 검 출되지 않았으며, 곰팡이의 경우 전체적으로 0.2~5.0 log CFU/g, leaf, mL, hand or 100cm2 수준으로 검출되었다. 병원성 미생물은 Bacillus cereus와 Staphylococcus aureus만 양액을 제외한 대부분의 시료에서 검출되었으며, 공중낙하균은 토경재배 농장에서 0.4~1.6 log CFU/plate, 양액재배 농장에서 0.1~1.0 log CFU/plate 수준으로 검출되었다. 화학적 위해요소인 중금속(Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Hg, Zn, Ni 및 As)과 잔류농약은 모든 시료에서 국내 허용기준치 이하로 검출되었고, 물리적 위해요소는 다른 위해요소에 비해 발생가능성은 낮지만 유리조각, 캔 등으로 확인되었다.

2002년부터 2010년까지 세계적으로 발생한 테러 현황을 조사 및 분석한 결과 전체 1만 9천 946건의 테러유형 중 51.8%인 1만 333건이 폭파에 의한 테러로 나타났으며, 사용무기에 있어서도 폭파와 관련된 폭발물이 약 52.2%인 1만 431건으로 높게 나타나고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 FEMA-rapid visual screening을 통해 국내의 건물을 높이별로 테러위험도를 분석하였다. 그 결과 건물의 높이가 높아질수록 테러에 대한 위험도가 높게 나타나고 있어 전체위험도는 건물의 높이와 비례하여 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 높이 100m 이상 건물의 경우 Threat 항목이 전체위험도에 가장 크게 영향을 미치며, 폭발과 관련된 시나리오에 따른 위험도 분석결과 내부 폭발 항목에서 높게 나타나고 있다.

As of Dec. 31, 2011, the number of nation's escalators accounts for 24,248 units, 5.4% of total elevators in our country, safety accidents take up as many 539 case, 55.2% of total elevators' safety accidents. Escalator safety accidents show high incident ratio of primary safety accidents breaking out by users' careless and abnormal use type, taking up multi-caused accident, which mainly take place from vulnerable age groups such as children under 13, and elders above 65. The Government will have to devote itself for policy and support for the establishment of safety management system fit for current state, the revitalization of preventive education for safety accident, the enhancement of safety awareness to escalators' users in order to secure escalator safety environment on an international level and support domestic industrial development.

본 연구는 음식점을 대상으로 QMRA의 개념을 적용한 HACCP 전산프로그램을 개발하고 이를 음식점내의 HACCP에 준한 위생관리 수단으로 이용, 최종 음식의 미생물 오염 수준을 예측하여 배식되는 음식의 미생물적 안전성을 확보하여 식중독 사고를 미연에 방지할 수 있는 방법을 모색하였다. QMRA-HACCP 전산프로그램의 개발을 위하여 메뉴를 그룹화하고, 위해분석, 중요관리점의 설정, 관리기준 설정, 모니터링 방법의 설정, 수정조치의 확립 및 기록유지시스템의 확립과 같은 HACCP의 기본적인 7원칙에 의거하여 HACCP 플랜을 개발하였다. 본 QMRA-HACCP 전산프로그램은 일일점검 작업 DB, 정기정검 DB, DAQ DB 및 Rule DB 등 데이터베이스 파일을 보유하여 최종 음식의 미생물 오염 수준을 예측할 수 있으며, 데이터베이스 파일은 수정·보완할 수 있다. 또한 MS Excel의 DB 관리 능력과 MS VBA(Visual Basic Application)을 이용한 프로그램으로 Window에서 사용자가 쉽고 편리하게 이용할 수 있도록 고안되었으며, 가시적인 관리가 수월하다. 모델 음식점을 통하여 선정된 9가지 메뉴에 대하여 개발된 QMRAHACCP 전산프로그램을 이용, 최종 제품의 미생물 오염 수준을 추정하였으며, 추정된 결과를 바탕으로 민감도 분석과 시나리오 분석을 통하여 중요관리점 및 CL을 선정하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 제시된 Generic HACCP 모델은 일반적인 음식점에서 사용할 수 있도록 비교적 간단하게 계획되어 있으므로 실제 음식점에서 일어날 수 있는 모든 위해를 통제할 수는 없다. 그러므로 각 음식점의 작업 현실에 맞도록 재구성하여 적용하는 것이 바람직하다고 사료된다. 또한 개발된 QMRA-HACCP 전산 프로그램을 다양한 음식에 적용하여 그 효과를 검증하는 후속 연구 및 표준레시피 데이터 화일의 지속적인 보완이 필요하겠으며, 다른 음식점에서 QMRA-HACCP 전산프로그램을 이용하여 위생관리를 수행하고, 동시에 미생물적 평가를 병행하여 각 결과간의 상관성을 규명하여 개발된 프로그램의 효율성과 정확성을 재확인하는 연구가 실행되어야 할 것이다.

Risk Assessment, a basis of health and safety management system, is an calamity prevention activity which regularly measure the level of a risk to passively improve potential hazard. A problem, the assessment not being improved to be applied to the construction work site where requires diversity and complexity, causes the assessment to be inefficient to bring quality results. A study on the investigates and compares the surveyed degree of recognitions of workers who works in companies executing the risk assessment By the investigation and comparison, it is expected to bring the better solution for early and efficient application for those companies which are not taking the risk assessment.

We studied the risk analysis of fire and explosion caused by gas leak in underground-parking of gas vehicle. However, an entrance regulation of gas vehicles (H2/LPG/CNG etc.) to underground garages has not been enacted in Korea. Incase, a gas explodes in an underground parking garage placed in overcrowded residential area, such as an apartment, the scale of the damage would cause tremendous disaster. Faults of vehicle parts and management problems were evaluated by using the Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), which is a qualitative analysis method. The range of the damaged area by the explosion and the damage scale by the explosion pressure were analyzed by using the process hazard analysis software tool (PHAST). The study is expected to facilitate enactment of the regulation for the underground parking to restrict the gas vehicle.