몇 종의 주요 농작물 해충에 대한 식물추출물(cinnamon extract 5% + citronella oil 10% + citrus oil 30% + derris extract 10% + neem extract 20% + penetrating surfactant 25%)의 살란 효과를 분무법으로 검정하였다. 노린재류의 경우 알이 부화하는 과정에서 치사하는 경향을 보였다. 식물추출물(500배액) 처리시 썩덩나무노린재(Halyomorpha halys), 톱다리개미허리노린재(Riptortus clavatus), 홍비단노린재(Eurydema dominulus), 온실가루이(Trialeurodes vaprarorium), 담배가루이(Bemisia tabaci), 파밤나방(Spodoptera exigua), 검거세미밤나방(Agrotis ipsilon) 에 대한 최종 살란 효과는 100%로 높게 나타나, 향후 산업화가 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

Pesticides are indispensable in contemporary agriculture but are mainly attributed to honey bee population decline. In order to understand the approximate physiological response to pesticides, honey bees were exposed to seven pesticides (Acetamiprid, Imidacloprid, Flupyradifurone, Carbaryl, Fenitrothion, Amitraz, and Bifenthrin), and expression changes of the genes categorized into four physiological functions (insecticide targets, immune-, detoxification-, and reactive oxygen species response-related gene) were analyzed in the head and abdomen of honey bee exposed to pesticides using quantitative PCR. Based on the heat map analysis, immune-related genes seem to be more up-regulated by pesticide exposure in head than abdomen. Among detoxification genes, only cytochrome P450 families were up-regulated in head. Interestingly, regardless of the insecticide target, expressions of Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta 1 and Acetylcholinesterase 1 were notably induced by pesticide exposure in head. Heat map analysis expressing the transcription profiles of various genes in the head and abdomen of the honey bee exposed to various pesticides can be used to diagnose pesticide damage in honey bees in the future.

The subfamily Pselaphinae is one of the largest groups in the family Staphylinidae. Pselaphine beetles consists of 6 supertribes. The supertribe Faronitae consists of 30 genera worldwide, with 14 genera in Australia and New Zealand. While examining faronite specimens, we separated 366 specimens that did not belong to any known faronite genera. Species of this genus can be separated from other faronite genera by the foveal system, features of the aedeagus, and collection localities which are only collected in the southern part of Australia. Through this study, we describe seven new species and three new combinations that previously belonged to the genus Sagola.

The Eurytoma appendigaster species-group is a second large group within the genus Eurytoma Illiger found in the Palearctic region. This group comprises 44 species by Zerova, but in Korea, only one species, E. appendigaster (Swederus), has been previously reported. They are well-known for their predation on phytophagous insects, mainly the genus Tetramesa which is belonged to the family Eurytomidae and associated with grasses (Poaceae). In this study, we report seven species of the appendigaster species-group from Korea for the first time. Also, key to Korean species of appendigaster species-group and photos of diagnostic characteristics are provided.

The purpose of this study is to investigate historical and geographical environments in the development of the Naxi costumes of Chinese ethnic minorities and their characteristics—including religious cultures and totem worship—and to suggest the direction of fashion design toward the modernization of traditional costumes. The research methodology involved the collection of materials and investigatation into the history, culture, and characteristics of Naxi costumes; in particular, the “seven-star” sheepskin cape, one of the Naxi people’s important ethnic costumes as demonstrated by the women’s clothing that has been designed in reflection of this traditional costume. The results are as follows. First, Naxi costumes are found to have overall coherence and distinct locality when retained in the process of modernizing the traditional costume. The theme of this work is titled “By the Light of the Moon and the Stars,” which is expressed in contemporary fashion by the use of grey and dark red against a background of black, a color preferred by the Naxi people. Second, the Naxi people’s seven-star sheepskin cape is a symbol of women’s clothing with its characteristic patterns, shapes, and colors, and it is subject to creative modernization while retaining its unique ethnic characteristics. Third, the work expresses the contemporary stylishness of the costume while maintaining the customary decorative accessories from the Naxi people’s traditional culture.

본 연구에서는 국내 빗물정원과 같은 소규모 저류지공원 적합한 식물을 선발하기 위하여 수변 또는 척박지 녹화용으로 활용되고 있는 초화류 7종을 대상으로 일정 수위를 항시 유지하는 저면 침수와 식물 기부가 물에 잠긴 상태로 3일간 간 침수처리를 반복하는 완전 침수 두 가지 수분 상황에서 식물의 생장 특성을 조사하였다. 습지식물인 갈대는 침수처리에 의한 생장과 생리적 차이를 보이지 않았고, 억새와 리아트리스는 침수처리에 의해 광합성량은 저면관수 시 21.4%, 침수처리 시 60.4%로 낮아졌으나 수분이용효율은 차이를 나타내지 않아 침수 내성종임을 알 수 있었다. 벌개미취와 해국은 침수처리에 의해 생장이 저조했고 광합성량은 82.7% 이상 감소하고 수분이용효율도 29.2% 증가하여 수분스트레스 상태였으나 이후 정상적인 관수에 의해 광합성량과 수분이용 효율이 회복되어 빗물정원 식물로 적합한 식물임을 알 수 있었다. 무늬쑥부 쟁이는 저면침수에서는 광합성효율은 낮아졌으나 수분이용효율은 차이가 없어 습지에 적합하나, 완전침수에서는 수분스트레스가 79.8%로 매우 높았고 침수 후 회복율도 낮아 완전침수에는 적합하지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

The successive discoveries of unearthed documents have brought an opportunity for the interpretation of related handed down documents. This thesis mainly combines the documents, and suggests that (1) the ‘shi (世)’ of “shi xuan er lao (世選爾勞: calculate your credit for generations)” in Shangshu be read as ‘she’ (揲) since it is interpreted as counting; (2) the ‘zhi (植)’ of “zhi bi bing gui (植璧秉珪: put the jades on the altars and hold an elongated pointed-tablet of jade in hand)” as ‘dai’ (戴); (3) “yu bu gan bi yu tian jiang wei (予不敢閉于天降威: I dare not block the power of heaven.)” as a sentence; (4) “gao nai ting (高乃聽: expand your knowledge)” as a possible mistake of “shu nai de ( (淑)乃德: beautify your character)”; (5) “jun yi yue shi wo” be sentenced probably as “jun. yi! yue shi wo (君。已 (嘻)！曰時我: Jun! sigh! God be kind to us.)” since ‘shi (時)’ means ‘to be kind’; (6) the ‘zai wei (在位)’ of “xiao zi tong mei zai wei dan wu wo ze (小子同未在位誕無我責: I am an ignorant young man, but no one among the officials in office will blame me.)” belong to the preceding sentence, which ought to be translated as “I am ignorant but in the big position” ; and (7) ‘da yin (達殷)’ of “yong ke da yin ji da ming (用克達殷集大命: To defeat the Yin dynasty and achieve national destiny.)” bear the meaning of Yin.

본 논문은 단테의 연옥에 등장하는 칠죄종(7대 죄악)이 현대판 신곡이라 할 수 있는 데이빗 핀쳐의 영화 <세븐>과 비교해서 훨씬 “열린” 문학적 공간에서 재현되고 있음을 보여주려고 한다. 단테의 열린 공간은 도덕은 진보한다는 믿음과 달리 현대적 영화의 공간보다 개방적이다. 연옥의 열린 공간에서 죄인은 자신의 죄에 대한 책임을 지고 고난을 통해 해방을 획득할 수 있다면, <세븐>과 같은 누아르 영화가 등장시키는 자본주의의 공간인 “닫힌” 현대 도시는 그 속에 거주한다는 사실로 인간을 영원한 죄인으로 가둔다. 이 열림과 닫힘의 역설적인 변화는 자본주의 발전을 변수로 하는 로그 함수의 그래프를 따르고 누아르 영화에서 재현되는 현대 도시는 이를 나타내는 대표적인 공간적 특징이라고 할 수 있다.

Sexed sperm can contribute to increase the profitability of the cow industry through the production of offspring of the craved sex, such as males for meat or females for dairy production. Therefore, the utilization of sexed sperms plays a very important role in the production of offspring of superior cattle. In this study, we examined the pregnancy rates and calves sexing proportion of male and female calves produced using AI, both performed using sexed and conventional sperm. In the result, the conception rates after ET were 73.3% (33/45) sexed semen and 52% (55/104) conventional semen. Thus, the sex ratio for sexed-semen inseminations was 70% (21/30) females for singleton births within a 272 to 292 day gestation interval. The sex ratio for conventional semen was 61% (34/56) females for births. As a result, it is suggested that the use of sex classification sperm will play a very important role in the offspring production of Korean bovine.

Minute pirate bug, Orius minutus (L.), is a native predator of many small insects such as aphid, scale, thrips, and mites in Korea. Seven chemical pesticides with lower ecotoxicity being used to control those pests were evaluated for acute toxicity against adult female O. minutus in glass scintillation vial assay. In the 1st batch experiment with three pesticides, flonicamid and buprofezin were least toxic whereas in the 2nd batch experiment with four pesticides spirotetramat and spiromesifen showed least toxicity. The corrected mortality of buprofezin and flonicamid became 100% on 55 and 47 h of exposure in 1st batch and that of spirotetramat and spiromesifen became 100% on 75 and 71 h of exposure in 2nd batch, respectively. In conclusion, flonicamid, buprofezin, spirotetramat, and spiromesifen was least toxic among the seven pesticides tested against adult female of O. minutus.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate Seoullo 7017 based on Universal Design (UD) principles and guidelines. To derive UD principles applicable to the site context, we used the 2017 Seoul Universal Design Guideline and assessment index provided by the Universal Design Research Center and established 11 evaluation criteria. With respect to research methods, a literature review and on-site field survey were applied, through which we derived UD principles and evaluation criteria to identify UD problems. The 11 evaluation criteria consist of pedestrian space, facilities, access, main entrance, parking lots, trails, restrooms, convenience facilities, information facilities, rest areas, and playgrounds, and these were associated with UD principles for evaluation. As a result, the main entrance had the highest UD score, while parking lots had the lowest in terms of equity, safety, simplicity, and accessibility. Restrooms received a lower UD score because of poor conditions of security and alert systems. Rest areas were found to be uncomfortable for disabled people. With respect to the internal trails, we found the lack of braille block and irregular placement of planting pots made blind people uncomfortable when walking. In terms of UD principles, flexibility received the highest score, followed by amenity, equity, simplicity, tolerance, accessibility, and safety. Flexibility received the highest score, owing to the provision of proper information about convenience facilities and trails, while safety received the lowest, based on poor access to parking lots, inadequate paving materials and colors, and a lack of 24-hour security systems. We hope this research contributes to improving the universal design, so that people are not discriminated against in the use of the park in terms of age, sex, or physical disability. We expect the study to help facilitate empirical studies to verify UD principles and provide improved quality of UD for Seoullo 7017.

데이비드 홀드먼은 그의 저서 『인고의 고통』에서 윌리엄 버틀러 예이츠 의 『일곱 숲에서』(In the Seven Woods, 1903)를 접근할 때 텍스트비평 이론이 얼마나 유용한지를 잘 보여준다. 홀드먼의 저서는 멕간의 텍스트비평 이론에 기반한 서지코드 (즉, 글씨체, 제본 형태, 인쇄 형태, 인쇄 재질, 삽화 등) 그리고 본 스타인이 콘텍스추얼 코드라고 명명한 시집의 순서의 중요성을 언급하며 이 코드들은 결국 모더니즘의 핵심 가치 중의 하나인 서로 모순되는 개념의 통합과 지향점이 같다는 점을 주장한다. 이 책은 예이츠가 모더니즘을 받아들인 시기를 보통 1920년대 이후로 생각해온 학계의 의견을 1900년대 초반으로 수정하게 만든 중요한 연구로 평가받는다. 본 소고는 기본적으로 홀드먼이 분석한 비언어적인 코드와 콘텍스추얼 코드를 소개하고 홀드먼의 저서에서는 상대적으로 덜 신경 쓴 예이츠 시의 언어코드를 분석하여 예이츠의 언어가 이 시집에 사용된 비언어적인 코드들과 어떻게 조화를 이루고 있는지를 분석한다.

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a worldwide agricultural pest that invades a wide range of host crops and rapidly develops resistance to pesticides. T. urticae can be resistant to one acaricide or exhibit multiple resistances or cross resistance to various other acaricides. Acequinocyl inhibits respiration in mitochondria at the ubiquinol oxidation site (Q0) of Complex III of the electron transfer chain. Pyridaben is a METI acaricide that inhibits mitochondrial electron transport at complex I. In this study, we investigated the cross resistance to seven acaricides in acequinocyl- and pyridaben-resistant strain. Furthermore, the frequencies of the I256V and N321S mutations in mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) of pyridaben-resistant and fieldcollected strain was analyzed.

Samples were collected from benthic and subaerophytic habitats of fresh and brackish water in Korea from April 2017 to April 2018. Accordingly, three genera and seven species were newly recorded in Korea. Three unrecorded genera were Cephalothrix, Cyanophanon and Toxifilum, and seven species were Anagnostidinema pseudacutissimum, Calothrix elenkinii, Cephalothrix komarekiana, Cyanophanon mirabile, Cyanosarcina chroococcoides, Leptolyngbya ectocarpi and Toxifilum mysidocida. Anagnostidinema pseudacutissimum and Cephalothrix komarekiana had been previously reported to inhabit freshwater, but these were found to be present in brackish water during the period of the present study. Also, Cyanosarcina chroococcoides previously reported to inhabit moorland waters and swamps, were found to be present in subaerophytic habitat.