Neoporphyra kitoi Ma. Abe, N. Kikuchi, Tamaki, Tom. Sato, Murase, Fujiyoshi & Mas. Kobayashi has been known as an endemic species in Japan. Its high temperature tolerance suggests that it could be advantageous for cultivation. In this study, we collected it from the Ulleungdo island, Korea and transferred it into Pyropia for a new combination, identified as Pyropia kitoi (Ma. Abe, N. Kikuchi, Tamaki, Tom. Sato, Murase, Fujiyoshi & Mas. Kobayashi) D.J. Kim, T.O. Cho & B.Y. Won comb. nov. based on morphological and molecular analyses. Pyropia kitoi is also reported as a new record species in the list of Korean macroalgal flora. Although we didn’t observe the emergence of new blades from the rhizoidal cells, which is a key character for this species, our molecular analysis of rbcL revealed that our samples from Korea were congruent with “Neoporphyra kitoi” from Japan and were nested within the clade of Pyropia. The gene sequence divergence between the Korean and Japanese samples was 0-0.2%.

본 연구는 차나무식재지 토양에서 LB-CMC 한천배지를 이용하여 목질계 바이오매스 분해능이 우수한 미생물을 분리하고자 실시하였다. 그 결과 목질계 바이오매스분해에 우수한 활성을 보이는 3종의 박테리아를 분리하였다. 16S rRNA 유전자를 이용하여 3종의 박테리아를 동정한 결과 모두 Bacillus속에 속하였다. CMC zymogram 분석결과 Bacullus 3종 모두 약 44kDa의 셀룰레이즈가 존재하였다. Bacillus sp. CS1의 최적생장 온도는 37℃였으며, CMCase의 최대활성은 배양 36시간 후였고, xylanase는 배양 후 12시간에 최대활성을 보였다. CMCase와 xylanase의 최적 pH는 각각 5.0이었다. CMCase의 열안정성은 높았지만, xylanse는 열에 불안정한 것을 보였다. Bacillus sp. CS2의 최적 생장온도는 37℃였으 며, CMCase와 xylanaase의 활성은 배양 후 36시간이 가장 높았다. CMCase의 최적 온도와 pH는 각각 37℃와 pH 4.0이었지만, xylanaase의 최적 온도와 pH는 50℃와 pH 5.0이었다. CMCase와 xylanase는 비교적 열에 안정적이었다. Bacillus sp. CS3 최적 생장 온도는 37℃였으며, CMCase와 xylanase의 활성은 배양 후 36시간이 가장 높았다. CMCase 및 xylanase에 대한 최적의 온도와 pH는 37℃와 4.0이었다. CMCase의 열안정성을 보였지만, xylanase는 열에 불안정한 것을 보였다.

Polyethersulfone (PES)은 친수성과 상분리법의 용이성 덕분에 수처리 및 정제 분야에서 정밀여과 및 한외여과막 소재로 일반적으로 사용된다. 그러나, 비용매 유도 상분리법으로 제조된 PES 분리막, 특히 지지체가 없는 여과막의 경우 도 프의 조성과 기재의 특성에 따라 여과막 하부에 낮은 기공도를 갖는 치밀층이 형성되기 쉽고, 이러한 치밀층으로 인해 수투 과 저항이 증가하고 오염물질의 쌓임에 의한 막오염이 일어난다. 본 연구에서는 PES 여과막 제조 시 상전이 과정의 수축으 로 인해 분리막 하부에 물이 침투하여 치밀층을 형성, 심각한 막오염을 유발할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 동일한 선택층을 갖는 PES 여과막을 단일층 및 이중층 캐스팅법으로 각각 제조하여 하부 치밀층이 여과막의 투과성능 및 막오염에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 하부 치밀층이 없는 이중층 캐스팅된 여과막은 기존 여과막 대비 높은 투과성능 및 막오염에 대한 저항 성을 보였으며, 이를 통해 다공성 여과막의 내오염성을 향상시키기 위한 표면 기공도 및 기공 구조 등 물리적 구조의 최적화 가 중요함을 확인하였다.

Assertions in current academic research and practical discourse that promote agility reduce the importance or prominence given to organizational strategic planning. While firms today are required to become agile and thus quickly and timely respond to emerging market challenges, the strategic planning process is perceived as rigid, slow, and somehow obsolete and may contradict agility. These present practitioners with a dilemma regarding the relevance of planning in this era. This study examines the pertinence of strategy planning in this agile age and its effect on firms’ business performance. In addition, since the environment in which firms operate play a significant role in determining strategies, when maintaining strategic planning, organizations need to consider internal and external factors that may change the effect of planning on performance. Hence, the study also explores market scanning (an external condition) and fault tolerance climate (an internal condition) under which the relationship planning-performance varies. Based on a quantitative research, data from organizations, and insights from fit-as-moderation approach, a conceptual model and research hypotheses are designed and tested. Common and acceptable analysis methods were employed to test the hypotheses. Initial findings indicate that strategy planning should not be deemphasized in contemporary days since it is associated with better financial (e.g., sales growth) and nonfinancial (e.g., new customer acquirement) outcomes. Additionally, performance consequences of planning are dependent on firm external and internal conditions. While the positive planning-performance relationship is associated with higher levels of market sensing, it is negatively associated with higher levels of fault tolerance. The findings have well-timed theoretical and practical implications for the business and strategy literature. Managers considering the necessity of planning strategies should recognize its relevance and take into account contingencies examined in this research.

Instagram marketing is a popular tool for communication in the tourism industry. However, research into effective execution tactics has been limited to the content, recipient characteristics, and sender types (e.g., celebrities) (i.e., Ferwerda & Tkalcic, 2018; Jin et al., 2019; Singh, 2020). The layouts of Instagram ads themselves have received little scholarly attention. Instagram ads typically convey multiple pieces of information in a single advertisement unit, raising concerns about the significance of the order in which the information is presented. Specifically, we must understand how different orders of presenting information affect a firm’s performance. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of presentation order on consumer behavioral intentions toward tour programs promoted on Instagram.

금융 지식은 금융 역량을 구성하는 핵심 요소 가운데 하나로서, 금융교육의 궁극 목표인 금융 웰빙 달성에 긍정적으로 기여한다. 실제로 개인의 금융 지식은 그 사람의 다양한 금융 행위와 금융 태도에 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 일상생활의 돈 관리에서의 위험 감수도 와 금융 지식 사이의 관계를 탐색하기 위해서 800명의 성인을 대상으로 수집한 자료를 분 석한다. 우리나라 성인의 금융 지식은 100점 만점에 평균 57.14점이며, 남자가 여자보다 평균 6.5점 높다. 학력, 직업, 투자 경험, 주택 소유, 경제기사 읽기, 소득이나 재산 상태에 따라 금융 지식 수준도 유의하게 다르다. 응답자들은 대체로 주가의 변동성이 크며 인플레 이션으로 인해 예금의 구매력이 하락한다는 사실을 알고 있는 반면에, 채권과 관련한 지식 이 미흡하다. 그리고 최대 수익을 위해 위험을 기꺼이 감수하기보다는 적당한 수익을 보장 하는 안전한 투자를 선호하는 경향이 있다. 추정 결과에 따르면 금융 지식과 위험 감수도 사이에 유의한 관계가 있어, 금융 지식 수준이 높은 사람일수록 높은 수익률을 위해 손실 위험을 기꺼이 감수하려는 성향이 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 객관식 문항으로 측정한 실제 금융 지식보다는 본인이 스스로 평가한 인지 금융 지식이 위험 감수도와 더 밀접한 관계를 지닌다. 여자보다는 남자의 위험 감수도가 높다. 마지막으로 금융 지식 수준이 높은 사람이 중요한 금융 의사결정을 할 때 가족이나 전문가로부터 조언을 구하는 경향이 있다.

The plant-specific NAC transcription factors control various biological processes, including plant development and stress responses. We have isolated an ANAC032 gene, one of the NAC transcription factor family, which was highly activated by multi-abiotic stresses, including high salt and drought in Arabidopsis. Here, we generated transgenic plants constitutively expressing ANAC032 and its knockout to identify the functional roles of ANAC032 in Arabidopsis under abiotic stress responses. The ANAC032-overexpressing plants showed enhanced tolerance to salinity and drought stresses. The anac032 knockout mutants were observed no significant changes under the high salt and drought conditions. We also monitored the expression of high salt and drought stress-responsive genes in the ANAC032 transgenic plants and anac032 mutant. The ANAC032 overexpression upregulated the expression of stress-responsive genes, RD29A and ERD10, under the stresses. Thus, our data identify that transcription factor ANAC032 plays as an enhancer for salinity and drought tolerance through the upregulation of stress-responsive genes and provides useful genetic traits for generating multi-abiotic stress-tolerant forage crops.

PURPOSES : The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of air voids, binder content, and aggregate gradation on the indirect tensile strength (IDT) and cracking tolerance index (CTindex) of cored asphalt pavements. METHODS : Cored samples were obtained from roads in Incheon city, and several laboratory experiments were performed. First, the cored samples were first to cut into a size appropriate for the IDT test. Subsequently, the air voids of the samples were measured. The damaged sample from the IDT test was loose mixed at 150 ℃ before the binder content was determined, which was conducted via an asphalt extraction test. Finally, the clean aggregates obtained from asphalt extraction process were analyzed in the aggregate gradation test. RESULTS : The result shows that an increase in air voids from 4% to 8% decreases the IDT and cracking tolerance index (CTindex) by 30% and 28%, respectively. Incorporating a binder enhances the ductile behavior of the asphalt mixture, resulting in a higher CTindex. Finally, the contribution of the aggregate grade on the IDT and CTindex is negligible. CONCLUSIONS : The IDT and CTindex are primarily affected by the air voids and binder content. A higher percentage of air voids results in a lower IDT. In addition, a higher amount of binder increases the IDT and CTindex of the cored samples. Meanwhile, the aggregate grade does not affect the IDT.

본 연구는 청소년 교정시설에서 관용을 체험한 청년의 삶을 연구한 것으로서 범죄 청소 년의 사회 적응은 어떠한 요인이 동력이 되었는지를 탐색하는 연구이다. 연구의 목적은 이 러한 탐구를 통하여 이들을 이해하고 삶의 질을 개선하는 실천방향을 제시하는 데에 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위한 연구방법은 현상학적 연구방법을 원용하였다. 자료 수집은 5 명의 연구참여자를 모집하여 1대1 심층 면담으로 자료를 취하였다. 심층면담은 1-2회, 60~90분의 시간을 각각 할애하여 실시하였다. 자료를 분석한 결과 ‘적절한 돌봄의 부재’, ‘교정시설 생활에서의 양면성’, ‘바르게 살려고 노력함’이라는 3개의 본질적 주제와 10개 의 드러난 주제를 도출하였다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 바탕으로 첫째, 사회 복지적인 차원에 서의 돌봄을 둘째, 학교의 전 학생들에게 상담을 의무적으로 할 것 셋째, 분노를 잠재울 관 용 프로그램을 도입할 것 넷째, 이들에 대한 미래 교육적인 차원에서의 고용정책을 제언 하였다. 본 연구의 의의는 범죄 청소년이 청년시기를 어떻게 보내고 있는지에 대한 실증적 인 연구가 부족한 현실에서 이들의 삶의 질을 향상시킬 수 있는 시사점을 제공했다는 데에 있다.

Drought stress is a condition that occurs frequently in the field, it reduces of the agricultural yield of field crops. The aim of the study was to screen drought-adapted genotype of Italian rye grass. The experiments were conducted between the two Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) cultivars viz. Hwasan (H) and Kowinearly (KE). The plants were exposed to drought for 14 days. The results suggest that the morphological traits and biomass yield of KE significantly affected by drought stress-induced oxidative stress as the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level was induced, while these parameters were unchanged or less affected in H. Furthermore, the cultivar H showed better adaptation by maintaining several physiological parameter including photosystem-II (Fv/Fm), water use efficiency (WUE) and relative water content (RWC%) level in response to drought stress. These results indicate that the cultivar H shows improved drought tolerance by generic variation, improving photosynthetic efficiency and reducing oxidative stress damages under drought stress. These findings can be useful to the breeder and farmer for improving drought tolerance in Italian rye grass through breeding programs.

Tolerance is respect, acceptance and appreciation of the rich diversity of our world & cultures, our forms of expression and ways of being human.” In 1996, the National Commission for UNESCO of the Republic of Korea and the UNESCO Unit for Tolerance organized the International Meeting of Experts for the Establishment of an Asia and Pacific Regional Network Against Intolerance, Discrimination and Violence. The 20 regional participants discussed the problems and challenges of the region, they named institutional coordinators, and they outlined lines of action. They also established a Research Centre for Tolerance at Gwangju University. Let us rekindle this initiative to demonstrate, to model and to lead what it means to respect, accept and appreciate the diversity of our world’s culture, our forms of expression and ways of being human.

When we think about an idea of United Nations Tolerance Program UNTP, it is important for us to share memory with world citizens that we had 2314 veterans from 11 countries in the Busan U.N. Forces Cemetery since January of 1951. Recently, we had 13 veterans, who got buried coming from 4 Americans, 3 Hollanders, 2 Frenchmen, 2 Germans, 2 Englishmen, 1 Canadian and 1 headband after they died in their countries. (Joongang daily newspaper June 19, 2022). "I believe that creating a fifth office of the UNTP in Republic of Korea (Seoul, Busan, Kyunggi or Jeju Island), as a twin organization of the UNEP in Nairobi, Kenya, would provide a geopolitical balance to the international organization and a useful base for peace island studies in the conflict laden region of East Asia. Establishing this office in S. Korea(Seoul, Busan, Kyunggi or Jeju Island), with its unique geographical location as a hub for peace talks and environmental negotiations between Russia, North Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan, would contribute to peace and development in the region." (Yates. 2022).

To investigate the tolerance limit and critical thermal maximum (CTM), behavioral responses of wild goldeye rockfish Sebastes thompsoni according to exposure to high water temperature were observed using a continuous behavior tracking system. As a result, behavioral index (BI) of S. thompsoni in each temperature (20.0, 25.0, and 30.0°C) showed a significant difference (p<0.05) when compared with the value measured in a stable condition of 15.0°C. The activity level of S. thompsoni exposed to 25.0°C decreased sharply after 20 hours. Their rest time at the bottom of experiment chamber increased, and their normal swimming and metabolic activities were disturbed. In addition, at a high water temperature of 30.0°C, S. thompsoni reached the limit of resistance and showed a sub-lethal reaction of swimming behavior, with energy consumption in the body increased and all test organisms died. In conclusion, the eco-physiological response of S. thompsoni to water temperature varied greatly depending on the fluctuation range of the exposed temperature and the exposure time. In addition, the tolerance limit of S. thompsoni to high water temperature was predicted to be 25.0- 30.0°C. The maximum critical thermal that had a great influence on the survival of this species was found to be around 30.0°C.