Machilus thunbergii (Laurales: Lauraceae, 후박나무) is planted as a street tree in Jeollanamdo and Jeju Island. Orthaga olivacea (Lepidoprate: Pyralidae, 제주집명나방) is known as a major pest of M. thunbergii. For managing O. olivacea by eco-friendly control method, the mating disruption would be expected. The sex pheromone of O. olivacea was identified as a mixture of (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16Ac), (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16Ald), and (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Z11-16OH) at a ratio of 100: 0.1:0.1 by Chinese research group. Before applying mating disruption, confirmation of its attraction in Korea was essential. The pheromone traps composed of Z11-16Ac alone and the blend of three components (100:0.1:0.1) were installed in Haenam, Jeollanamdo in 2021, and Jeju and Seogwipo, Jeju in 2022. In field attraction test, no O. olivacea was attracted to any trap. However, Mamesastra brassicae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which was not intended, was caught in both years in the trap. Total of 19 in Haenam between September 23 and 30, total of 11 in Jeju between September 30 and October 28, and total of 108 in Seogwipo between September 15 and November 11 were caught to the trap lured with Z11-16Ac. While in the trap lured with the blend, total 1 and 6 were captured in Haenam and Seogwipo, respectively.

For the assessment of the benthic community health of Jinhae Bay using the Benthic Pollution Index, macrobenthic fauna samples were seasonally collected from 23 different sites between February, 2011 and November, 2012. The macrobenthic community health status was classified as “Poor” or “Very Poor” except for the bay mouth part of Jinhae Bay at the northern part of Geoje Island. A large proportion of functional Group IV and even azoic conditions appeared due to summer hypoxia at sites in sheltered regions of Jinhae Bay. Some of the dominant species recruited after summer hypoxia were Paraprionospio patiens, Sigambra bassi, and Theora fragilis belong to typical opportunistic species. By comparing the BPI values of the macrobenthic communities from other special management areas of Korea, Jinhae Bay was considered to have the lowest condition that was heavily polluted among special management areas.

2019년 초연된 최우정의 오페라 ≪1945≫는 한국 창작오페라 70년사에서 유의미한 발자취를 남긴 작품으로 평가된다. 그 바탕에는 물론 한국어로 된, 한국인의 삶과 사회가 녹아 있는 대본의 힘이 깔려있으며, 이는 관객들의 공감을 사고 보편성을 획득하게 하였다. 그러나 오페라 장르의 특성상, 무엇보다 중요한 것은 ‘음악’이다. 본 논문은 작곡가 최우정의 오페라 작곡기법을 라이트 모티브의 활용, 극적 요소를 연출하는 음악, 인용 기법과 작곡 방식의 세 가지 범주로 나누어 살펴보았다. 결과적으로, 최우정의 오페라 ≪1945≫는 ‘파편적’으로 존재하는 여러 음악재료들이 서로 유동적인 ‘절합’의 관계를 맺고 있고 수직⋅수평적 측면에서 대위적으로 직조되는 ‘다성부적 방식’으로 작곡되었음을 밝혔다.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different feed inoculation method on rumen fermentation in an in vitro. Three experimental treatments were used: control (CON, direct dispersion of feed (2 g) in rumen fluid), combinations of direct dispersion (1 g) and nylon bag (DNB, pore size: 50 μm, 1 g), and nylon bag (NB, 2 g). An in vitro fermentation experiment was carried out using strained rumen fluid for 48 h incubation time and timothy was used as a substrate. At the end of the incubation, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD), pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and microbial community were evaluated and gas production was estimated at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 h incubation periods. Gas production was higher in CON than DNB and NB at 6 and 12 h incubation time (p<0.01). There were no differences in final gas production, pH, NH3-N concentration, total VFA production, and VFA profiles among treatments. The IVDMD was lowest in CON (p<0.01) but the IVNDFD was not differed by feed distribution methods. There were no significant differences in general bacteria and fungi. Protozoa count was highest in NB treatment among treatments (p<0.01). The abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes, was highest in the CON among treatments (p<0.01).

메리 F. 스크랜턴 선교사는 조선 말엽 개화와 개혁을 추구하는 시대의 요구를 이해하고 이를 선교에 접목시킨 선교사였다. 특히 그녀는 교육과 의료선교를 통해 사회 변혁을 꾀하고 가난하고 소외된 여성들에게 기독교교육을 통해 인권을 회복하고 여성의 가치를 고양시킨 여성교육의 선구자적 삶을 살았다. 스크랜턴은 기울어가는 조선의 운명을 바라보면서 조선의 여성들에게 조선인으로의 긍지와 자부심을 갖도록 했으며 조선의 미래를 당당하게 세워갈 수 있도록 교육을 통해 계몽시켰다. 그녀의 선교적 열정과 헌신, 그리고 용기는 어둠에 쌓여 있던 조선에 한줄기 빛이고 희망이었다. 또한 복음의 불모지 조선 땅에 개신교의 여명이 밝아오게 만드는 장본인이었다.

Recently a colony of Solenopsis invicta, the red imported fire ant (RIFA), was intercepted on Gamman pier, Pusan port in Korea by Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency. It has been generally known that RIFA has two social forms as monogyne and polygyne, which showing the behavioral differences between the two forms and dictated by a pheromone binding protein, Gp-9. The social forms of the RIFA colony was revealed as polygyne form, when the GP-9 gene was analyzed by three allelic discrimination assays including Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR), rh-Amp SNP Genotyping, and peptide nucleic acid probe-based RT-PCR in this study.

Craspedoxantha genus has been distributed in worldwide as 7 species in Afrotropical and 2 species in Oriental Regions. It is generally known that C. marginalis is preferred Asteraceae including Vernonia spp. for host plant. However, C. marginalis was first found in cut-flower of Phaenocoma prolifera, which was imported from South Africa, under the plant quarantine inspection in Korea. Therefore, we first report that P. prolifera as a new host plant for C. marginalis and provide information of the morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding sequences on male and female for identification.

IBM이 개발인 인공지능 기술인 Watson은 미국의 인기 텔레비전 퀴즈쇼인 “Jeopardy!”에서 우승을 차지하며 화려하게 데뷔하였다. 그 후 Watson은 의료 분야로 눈을 돌렸고, 의사가 환자의 정보를 입력하면 방대한 양의 의학 문헌 및 임상 자료 등을 약 7-8초 만에 검색한 뒤 의사에게 진단명 및 치료방법 등을 권고하여 주는 인공지능 시스템인 Watson for Oncology 등의 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 우리나라에서도 이미 Watson for Oncology(왓슨)를 도입하여 사용 중에 있는 다수의 병원이 있고, 현재까지의 활용 상황을 보면 환자들은 왓슨이 내어 놓은 결과를 매우 신뢰하는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 인공지능 시스템 또한 완전무결한 것은 아니고 오류의 가능성을 가지고 있는바, 실제로 당해 환자에게 맞지 않는 진단명이나 치료방법을 제시할 가능성을 배제할 수 없고 그로 인한 의료분쟁의 가능성 또한 충분하다. 이 글에서는 왓슨을 활용한 의료행위로 인하여 환자에게 손해가 발생할 경우 환자의 구제 수단에 관하여 개괄적으로 논의하였다. 우선 환자가 왓슨의 제조사인 IBM을 상대로 한 의료과실책임, 제조물책임, 계약상책임을 물을 수 있는지에 관하여 검토하였으나, 이는 불가능할 것으로 생각된다. 다음으로 환자의 의사에 대한 주의의무 위반, 설명의무 위반을 이유로 한 손해배상청구에 관하여 검토하였는데, 현재의 왓슨은 의사에게 치료방법 등에 관하여 조언을 하는 기능에 머무를 뿐이므로 왓슨을 활용하였다고 하여 주의의무, 설명의무를 가중할 것은 아니다.

이 연구는 ‘상무위원은 처벌하지 않는다(刑不上常委)’는 중국정치의 잠재된 관례를 파기하 고 사법과 공안 분야의 막강한 대항력을 갖춘 저우융캉을 어떻게 처벌할 수 있었는지에 대한 의문에서 시작됐다. 그간 중국 지도부가 상징적으로 중앙위원급 고위관료 처벌을 감행했지만, 중국정치의 핵심 행위자(actor) 역할을 하는 상무위원(常務委員)을 처벌 대상에 포함하지 않 았다. 이들의 조사 과정에서 강력한 대항력과 정치적 비용(political cost), 그리고 공산당의 통치력 약화가 초래될 수 있기 때문이다. 하지만 시진핑은 출범 후 제창했던 의법치국(依法 治國)의 국정기조 상충을 무릅쓰고 사법기관보다 당 차원의 중앙기율위를 이용해 저우융캉 처벌에 매진했다. 그 결과 중앙기율위는 저우융캉 계파의 부패망을 역이용해 주변에서 중심 으로 그의 부패 대리인을 조사하며 옥좼으며, 종국에는 원로들의 동의를 얻어 저우융캉을 처 벌할 수 있었다.

Storytelling has become increasingly of interest for marketing and management in the last years and promises both aesthetic design and effecting consumers’ perception of fashion brands positively. Nevertheless, the complexity of story design, still being rather focussed by the humanities, and its effective adaption for luxury fashion brands regarding value perception and related behavioural consequences are still poorly understood and have not been explored so far. We seek to fill this research gap. In our study, we chose a luxury brand’s existing story and applied story concepts of narratology to rearrange plot, characters, and style first. In a second step, we examined the effect of applying the story concepts by testing the perception of three different groups (no story, original story, and rearranged story). Using PLS path modelling, we proved our hypotheses empirically. Our examination suggests that an application of narrative concepts for creating fashion brand stories has a measurable impact on consumer’s reception and behavioural outcome. On the one hand, this involves dimensions of luxury value, such as financial, functional, individual, and social consumer perceptions as well as an overall likability perception of the brand. On the other hand, this perception obviously impacts consumption habits regarding luxury fashion as much as it is related to recommendation behaviour, willingness to pay a premium price, and purchase intentions. Our findings strongly advice to consult established theories, concepts, and models of the humanities for storytelling in marketing and management. While measuring specific elements already proves their applicability, it will be a major task for theoretical and qualitative research to discuss existing material for the demands of marketing and management as well as (fashion) brands. Even for professionals in brand management, our study advices to have a closer look on traditional storytelling concepts to create effective campaigns. The particular value of our study is to present and empirically verify design elements of storytelling with respect to theoretical narrative approaches, which may have specific impact on certain luxury values and their causal effects on luxury fashion consumption. Our results reflect remarkable implications for luxury brand management as well as future research in luxury fashion, brand management, and marketing storytelling. A luxury company may stimulate purchase behaviour with a storytelling campaign. Nevertheless our study proved that a rather appropriate design, respecting research approaches of narratology, is able to increase the impact on consumers’ perception and behavioural outcome.

부동산에 관하여 상사유치권이 성립되는 것을 일응 전제로 하여, 상법 제58조상의 명시적인 상사유치권의 성립요건과는 별개로 상사유치권 성립 당시에 이미 채무자 소유의 부동산에 대하여 제3자의 선행 저당권이 설정되어 있었던 경우에, 상사유치권자가 선행저당권자 또는 선행저당권에 기한 임의경매절차에서 부동산을 취득한 매수인에게 상사유치권으로 대항할 수 있는지 여부가 문제된다.이와 관련하여 대상판결은, 상사유치권이 채무자 소유의 물건에 대해서만 성립한다는 것은, 상사유치권은 성립 당시 채무자가 목적물에 대하여 보유하고 있는 담보가치만을 대상으로 하는 제한물권이라는 의미를 포함하고 있다 할 것이고, 따라서 유치권 성립 당시에 이미 목적물에 대하여 제3자가 권리자인 제한물권이 설정되어 있다면, 상사유치권은 그와 같이 제한된 채무자의 소유권에 기초하여 성립할 뿐이고, 기존의 제한물권이 확보하고 있는 담보가치를 사후적으로 침탈하지는 못한다고 보아야 한다고 하면서 선행 저당권은 유치권에 우선하여 보호되어야 한다고 판시하였다.검토컨대 피담보채권과 유치목적물 간의 개별적 견련성이 인정되는 경우에도 다른 성립요건들이 구비되는 한 상사유치권의 성립이 가능하다고 할 것인 바, 상사유치권의 전체적인 취지, 즉 상인간의 거래에서 신속하고 편리한 방법으로 담보를 취득하게 하는 활성 취지와 피담보채권의 모든 상사채권으로의 무한정 확장 가능성에 따른 제한 취지라는 양자 사이의 적절한 균형성을 고려하고, 상법에서 규정하고 있는 객관적인 문언 이상으로 상사유치권을 민사유치권 보다 차별하여 불리하게 해석할 합리적 근거는 없으므로, 대상판결에서의 판시 법리는 피담보채권과 유치목적물 간의 일반적 견련성만 인정되는 형태로 상사유치권이 성립한 경우에 한정하여서만 타당하다고 할 것이다.

Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is a by-product remaining after a crop of mushrooms. The fresh SMS was sample within 24 hours of removal from the production facility in DOJUN farm located in Jinju. About 11 bacterial species were isolated from fresh SMS on TSA medium. Among of them, one isolate, designated YJ02, showed the antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochraceous producing mycotoxin on PDA medium, potentially. The strain YJ02 was produced cellulase, xylanase, mannanase as hydrolase. The strain YJ02 was identified as members of the genus Bacillus by biochemical characteristics using Bacillus ID kit and VITEK 2 system. Comparative 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain YJ02 formed a distinct phylogenetic tree within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens with 16S rDNA gene sequence similarity of 98.7%. On the basis of its physiological properties, biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain YJ02 was classified within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YJ02 is proposed.

The objective of this study was to investigate the proteome composition in pretermand term‐derived human umbilical cord. Umbilical cord samples were collected from 6 preterm infants with gestational age less than 36 weeks or 4 full terms together with medical information during prenatal period. Several biomarkers are routinely used clinically for predicting preterm labor; however, these factors are either nonspecific or detected too late. Protein profiles were performed on samples from both preterm‐ and termderived human umbilical cord by using Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE). Approximately 200 different proteins were identified between preterm‐ and term‐delivered umbilical cords. Among them, differentially expressed 34 proteins were identified in 48 protein spots. In the preterm‐derived human umbilical cords, 15 proteins were present at higher levels (2.0‐ to 9.28‐fold increases) and 19 were present at lower levels (2.0‐ to 11.8‐ fold decreases or not detectable) compared to the control term‐derived umbilical cords. Proteomics approaches such as 2‐DE could greatly facilitate the discovery of new and better biomarkers. The high sensitivity and specificity achieved by the combined use of the selected biomarkers show great potential for the early detection of Adverse pregnancy outcomes such as pre‐eclampsia, small for gestational age infants, preterm delivery and placental abruption are associated with higher mortality. Increased amount of HIF‐1 α, GAPDH and HSP27 were observed in preterm‐derived umbilical cords was due to hypoxia‐ dependant and oxidative stress‐independent manner. Moreover, we isolated HUVEC (Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells) from preterm‐ and term‐derived umbilical cords and examined LDH activity. The results of the current study may provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying umbilical cord development and also these data will contribute to a better understanding of the composition of preterm‐ and term ‐ derived human umbilical cord and aid the discovery of novel biomarkers for the prenatal diagnosis of fetal abnormalities

On January 21, 2011, the Korean navy commandos rescued the twenty-one crewmen abducted and detained by Somali pirates in the Indian Ocean. The pirates captured alive were brought to Korea for trial and the prosecutor’s office of Pusan sentenced the leader of the Somali pirate group to life-imprisonment. The other four pirates received imprisonment terms from 12 to 15 years. Regardless of these domestic legal punishments, this rescue operation has raised a few critical international legal questions. The primary objective of this paper is to answer these questions. This research analyzes the international legal characteristics of the Korean Navy’s rescue operation. Then, a few case-studies of military rescue operation are carried out in order to justify the Korean Navy’s rescue operation. The Korean Navy’s rescue operation may be regarded as an act of forcible self-help and realization of existing international legal right.