Common Words List in Business Chinese is an appendix of business Chinese test outline, which contains a total of 2457 words. Verified by the author, the number of vocabulary is in fact 2455. 1038 characters species included in Common Words List in Business Chinese. 1016 characters and 1022 words are shared with Chinese Proficiency Test and Chinese character outline. To improve Common Words List in Business Chinese must select appropriate corpus, a better algorithms and excellent expert with intervention ability on choosing words.

예이츠는 인생과 예술에서 인간의 조건을 초자연계와 관련지어 정의하고, 인간의 가장 중요한 경험은 초자연적 실재를 경험하는 것이라는 소신을 연극에 적 용하려고 노력했다. 따라서 그의 연극적 과제는 어떻게 초자연적인 존재를 관객이 이 해할 수 있도록 무대 위에 올리는가 하는 것이었다. 􋺷유리창에 새겨진 글자들􋺸은 무 대, 인물, 언어 등에 있어 사실주의적 틀 속에 서양인들이 익숙한 강령회(séance)를 극 중 극 형식으로 집어넣음으로써 초자연적 존재를 관객들이 무리 없이 받아들이는 과제를 해결하였다. 최면상태의 영매는 18세기 작가 스위프트의 애정관계를 전달하는데, 예이츠가 이상적 시대라고 생각한 18세기와 현대 아일랜드를 대조시킴으로써 현대 아일랜드의 타락상을 보여주고, 현대 아일랜드가 스위프트 시대의 마스크를 씀으로써 위 대한 문화를 가진 나라가 되기를 희망했다.

Shim, Young-Sook. 2016. “A Study on Semantic Relation of English Loanwords with Their Corresponding Korean Words”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 24(3). 281~316. The premise underlying the Korean language “purification” by way of replacing loanwords with Korean existing words is that loanwords and their corresponding Korean words occupy nearly identical semantic domains and thus are interchangeable. Few studies, however, have been conducted to verify this premise. This study aims to investigate the semantic relation of English loanwords with their corresponding Korean words recommended for purification of the Korean language. From the database consisting of news articles in the economy section of Korean newspapers, six loanwords were chosen for an in-depth analysis. With Trends 21 Corpus and Naver being primary tools, the loanwords and their corresponding Korean words are analyzed in terms of frequency, co-occurrence, collocation, and usage. The findings show that the loanwords semantically relate to their corresponding Korean words in various ways, with the words across the pairs presenting varying degrees of semantic likeness, difference, and inclusion. Suggestions for further research are provided based on the findings.

『시경』은 내용상 사물에 대한 느낌이나 인간의 내면 정서를 표현한 것이 대부분으로 현대 인들에게 전혀 새로운 내용이 아니라는 점에서 교육과 학습의 필요성이 인정되며 다수가 이 에 동의하고 있다. 따라서 이러한 내용들을 본의를 훼손하지 않으면서 적절한 우리말로 해석 하고 번역하는 것이 지금 시대에 『시경』 번역이 지니는 가치 중의 하나라고 하겠다. 본고는 이러한 문제의식에서 작성한 글이다. 이에 본고에서는『시경』에 나타난 반복적인 수사기교의 하나인 첩자가 우리나라에서 출판된 몇 종의 『시경』 해설서에서 어떻게 번역되었는지 그 양 상을 검토하였으며, 이를 위해 첩자의 운용양상과 주요 주석가의 의미 해석도 간략히 살펴보 았다. 이를 통해 동일한 『시경』의 시편이 우리말로 번역될 때에는 다양한 관점에서 해석될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 주석을 통한 해석에 치중한 결과, 원칙이나 기준 없이 번역되고 있는 것도 확인할 수 있었다. 원시의 본의를 제대로 전달하기 위한 방안의 첫걸음으로 본고 는 첩자에 한정하여 『시경』 번역의 문제점을 극복하고 관련 번역 원칙을 모색하고자 한다.

The purpose of the study was to the Cognitive Interpretation of “the “White” System Words in Shuo Wen Jie Zi” Terms. The results revealed Based on Conceptual Blending Theory, the paper concluded: “the “White” System Words in Shuo Wen Jie Zi” Terms, is looking for more this word, and then by metaphor, metonymy activate the synthesis of new cognitive meaning empty, meaning the formation of a new color. Such a series of “hidden word refers specifically to look for” a lot of the later “refers to identifying the dominant word” generation preparations were made on semantics (a) Colors and nominal objects usually have a fusion form in ancient times and a batch of phraseologies take place in mediaeval times consisting of color terms plus original word with color acceptation having spillage over the original word due to the latter’s wearing away and expansion for accurate expression or because of word shapes, rhetoric and perceptions. The study findings may serve as a guide for further research on Chinese color terms system and culture of Chinese.

Comparing some special words and phrases usage from Qing Hua Bamboo Inscriptions Vol. 1 to 5, we discover that special forms of words are suspected. Their writings don’t not belong to the normal characters at the Warring States period, on the contrary, they can only be found on the Shang Dynasty Oracle, Chou bronze in ancient china, and Li-Shu (隸書), Kai-Shu (楷書) after Han dynasty separately. We doubt that writings of Qing Hua Bamboo were fake by nowadays people.

Magic words are words used to encourage consumers to buy a product in that consumers who previously did not want to buy were finally made to buy the product. This study is limited to the case of Gedong Gincu mangos in West Java, Indonesia . This type of mango is unique and has a high selling price; however, its promotion has not been conducted extensively. The promotion has been limited to exhibitions facilitated by West Java provincial government, Department of Agriculture and Department of Trade and Industry. The promotions conducted by supermarkets have not shown any optimum results because the costs spent on the promotion are not balanced with the profit they earn. So far, the supermarket promotion only includes the word discount (buy one get one free) or sold cheaply. Such words are perceived to be less encouraging for consumers. Promotion for agricultural products, especially mangos is very unique because such products are perishable, voluminous, and bulky. Being seasonal in nature, prices of agricultural products are fluctuating, which are different from industrial products which are uniform, durable, and can be stored and have fixed prices

We study on the overall situation about Characters and words from south Asian first Chinese daily "Lebao(叻报)" with sampling survey on some whole copies and some part of the newspaper. We conclude the none-general characters is 343,which includes 1 southern dialect character, 49 sets variants,8 sets old and new Character Patterns,8 special ones,1 set ancient and modern Chinese character, 287 traditional-simplified-relation characters. We also find 3 recombination characters. Generation modes of Words from “Lebao(叻报)" are inheriting ,borrowing and special using. The relevant data can serve the Chinese monitoring and the diachronic development study with the help of attention to the foreign language life.

The use of wine vessel Measure words in ancient Vietnamese inscriptions is very complicated. These characters are some examples which are recorded wine vessel quantifier in ancient Vietnamese inscriptions, such as, yu (􄘃)􀉾yu (􂙪)􀉾yu (􃮚)􀉾yu ( )􀉾yu ( )􀉾bo (􆆣)􀉾bo ( )􀉾bo ( )􀉾 cheng (􂜖)􀉾cheng (􂎉)􀉾xiu (􄻟)􀉾xiu ( )􀉾xiu ( )􀉾xiu ( )􀉾xiu ( )􀉾 xiu (􁼯)􀉾hu (􂠻)􀉾hu (􂠸)􀉾hu (􅀢)􀉾ping (􂚫)􀉾lu (􇿪)􀉾weng (􄑖)􀉾zhai (􆺌)􀉾 zhai ( )􀉾jing (􂫒)􀉾ping (􂞁) and zun (􃥾). Above words are compared and analyzed with the use of wine vessel measure words in Chinese. We found measure word Characters for Vietnamese wine vessel are influenced by China. This kind of phenomena reflects Chinese character being studied imitated and innovated by Vietnamese in the course of spread.

Basing on analyzing the linguistic material in Quốc âm thi tập (􀊆􂙌􆜴􅦪 􆘇􀊇) written by Nguyễn Trãi 􆕯􂸍 (1380-1442), this article conducts a research on Chinese-borrowed words in ancient Vietnamese, and develops several concepts to classify Chinese-borrowed words. Due to the author’s viewpoint, ‘Vietnamese Chinese-loaned word’ refers to all Vietnamese words borrowed from Chinese language and Chinese scripts that were used in the 15th century Vietnamese language. This article then argues, the influence of Chinese scripts and language on the 15th century Vietnamese is so strong that it could help to contribute 63.37% rate of the Vietnamese vocabulary.

한자는 오랜 세월 중국어를 기록하는 문자로 사용되어 온 만큼 시대변화에 따라 그 의미 가 파생되거나 때론 가차되어 자의가 계속해서 확장되었다. 현대 중국어는 과거에 비해 외래 어 표기를 위한 음역어가 많아지고 있는데, 이는 대부분 영어 음역어이다. 표의문자 성격이 강한 한자로 영어를 음역한다는 것은 여러 문제점이나 어려움도 있지만 한자의 자의를 더욱 풍부하게 확장시킨다는 점에서 나름 긍정적인 측면도 있다. 본고에서는 현대 중국어의 한자 자의 확장에 대해 살펴보고자 하는데, 이를 위해 먼저 중국어의 외래어 표기방법과 그 영향 에 대해 알아본 다음 몇 가지 단음절 음역어를 예로 들어 한자의 자의가 어떻게 확장되었는 지 구체적으로 살펴보면서 관련 교육방법을 제안하고자 한다. 외래어는 새로운 사물과 개념에 대하여 본국 어휘에 대응되는 것이 없을 때 차용하거나 외국 문화와의 교류가 잦아지면서 이에 따른 외국어의 유입으로 형성된다.1) 외래어는 세계 여러 언어에서 상당히 많은 부분을 차지하고 있는데, 그 정의를 살펴보면 ‘교류를 통하여 자 연스럽게 또는 필요에 의하여 외국어를 자기의 언어적 요소로 바꾸어 사용함으로써 정착된 단어’를 외래어라고 한다. 이러한 외래어는 신조어를 만들어 그 나라의 어휘를 더욱 풍부하게 하기도 하지만 고유어를 위축시키거나 문법체계를 혼란시키는 부작용도 있을 수 있다.2) 중국어에서 외래어를 표기하는데 쓰인 단음절 음역어는 假借義가 의미항목에 추가되는데, 假借義는 음이 같다는 조건 하에 나타낸 본래 한자와는 무관한 의미로, 나무로 말하면 다른 나무에 접지한 나뭇가지라고 할 수 있다.”3) 예를 들어 ‘花’의 本義는 ‘꽃’인데, 현대 중국어에 서는 ‘돈을 쓰다’는 의미로도 사용된다. 이는 꽃과 전혀 상관없는 의미로, 假借義라고 할 수 있다.4) 과거에는 주로 어기조사나 추상적인 의미 등을 假借義로 나타내는 경우가 많았는데, 요즘엔 외래어를 음역하는 과정에서 假借義가 추가되는 경우도 있다. 引伸義와 假借義 모두 한자 자의가 확대 응용되는 과정에서 생긴 새로운 의미로, 한자의 자의 변화와 발전에 영향 을 미치고 있다. 다음에서 중국어로 외래어를 표기하는 방법과 외래어가 중국어에 미치는 영 향에 대해 살펴보도록 한다.

본 연구는 일본어와 한국어에 있어 높은 사용률을 보이고 있는 2자 한자어에 초점을 두어 품사성 특징, 어휘적 성질, 통어적 역할에 대해 알아보았다. 그 목적은, 두 언어 모두 한자어의 쓰임이 많고, 각각의 고 유어와 거의 흡사하게 쓰이고 있다는 공통점을 이용하여, 양언어의 학 습자에게 유의한 학습방향을 제시하고자 함에 있다. 일본어에서는 ‘한 자어동사’ 혹은 ‘한어동사’라고도 쓰이는데, 이에 대한 정의를 살펴보았 고, 한국어에서는 어종에 대해서 살펴보면서, 한자어의 위치에 대해 검 토해 보았다. 나아가, 한자어에 접속되는 여러 가지 어미에 대해 언급하면서 한자 어가 가지고 있는 어휘성의 특징을 일한 양 언어 간에 비교해 보았다. 물론, 공통점이 있는 반면, 상이점도 많기 때문에 학습자에게 혼란을 가져오는 부분이 있으므로, 그 부분 또한 명확하게 밝혀야 하지만, 지 면상 금후의 과제로 남겨 두기로 한다. 결론을 말하자면, 한국어에서도 한자어의 위치는 중요한 부분을 차 지하고 있고, 한국어교육에 있어서도 반드시 고려되어 지도해야 할 부 분이다. 일한 양언어의 한자어의 어휘적 특성과 지도에 필요한 부분을 명확히 알아보았고, 여기에 대한 지도사항이 절실히 필요함이 인식되어 야 한다.

Systemic Functional linguistics considers Modality as the speaker’s attitude betwe en “yes” and “no”. Based on this, we discuss the Chinese modality system. First, we review what has been done on Chinese modals by the previous researchers. Then, we introduce Halliday’s modality system in English to establish a Chinese modality system and analyze the syntactic and semantic features of the typical modal verbs to point out the negotiation of Chinese modality.

Taboo, as a kind of language taboos, people since ancient times due to religious beliefs, and in the process of human development, the formation of one of the taboo is in social communication between language and social groups or in a particular region or individual by the formation of a mutual understanding of the language taboo morphology. Taboos in Chinese due to the ethnic customs of different kinds and different, alternative forms. This theory focuses on the definition of taboo, the kinds of linguistic taboos in Chinese and some of the taboo language to convey the alternative types of. The scope of the study of Chinese taboo is huge, this paper expounds the one failed. Therefore, the content of deficiencies, please enlighten experts.

This study tried to investigate the difference of the legibility in different age groups (young and old) with same near visual acuity and to provide preliminary guidelines for the text sizes in the pesticides products based on the legibility experiments. To achieve the objective, legibility evaluation experiments were conducted to test the effects of different age(20s, 50-60s), gender, font type(thick gothic-type and fine gothic-type), thickness (plain and bold), and number of syllables(2 and 3 syllables) in the same near visual acuity(0.6). The results showed that legibility 50s was higher than 20s. And 20s are appealed higher discomfort than 50s. Considering these experimental results, it was recommended that the 14 pt or larger characters (100% readable size) should be used the important information such as toxicity, and the minimum character size was 7 pt (50% readable size) for other information.

The study mainly focuses on the non-classical words in Dunhuang manuscripts of Tang Dynasty. We built a visualized database which not only showes the process of evolution and variation in detail of the non-classical words, but also illustrates the causes of formation, the principles of variation, the product of evolution in this period, and other relative issues. This paper is divided into four sections. The first section is to introduce some achievements of Dunhuang non-classical words, then explain what will be demonstrated in this paper. In section two we make a statistics about what had happened to Dunhuang non-classical words in three periods of Tang Dynasty. For the sake of clarifying the principle of evolution and variation in non-classical words of Dunhuang manuscripts, microscopic research and macroscopic analysis are operated in the third section. The final section makes a conclusion about the whole study. The target of this paper tries to set up a modeling with clue of time so as to conduct a systemic research at the macro level.

The article points out the definition and scope of Ming dynasty colloquial words in XunMengZiHui(Hereinafter referred to as ZiHui). The distribution of the colloquial words in ZiHui was throughly investigated and four major characteristics of the colloquial words are summerized. we think colloquial words in ZiHui can broaden the research field of modern Chinese vocabulary. It has great research value to the study of Chinese vocabulary periodic history and grand language reference book compilation.

Kien Minagawa(皆川淇園) is a scholar of Chinese on Edo age of Japan. His work Wenxuejuyiao is a book about early Japanese learning Chinese literature. He created the “Kaibutsugaku”(開物學) that combines YiJing(《易經》) and phonology, trying to interpret Chinese words from a new perspective. This research analyzes Kien Minagawa(皆川淇園) towards Chinese words by Wenxuejuyao(《問學舉要》), and taking examples from his other works Shizijie(《實字解》), Xuzijie(《虛字解》) and Zhuzixiangjie(《助字詳解》), to clarify Kien Minagawa(皆川淇園)’s view of Chinese words and for descendants to make reference in the future.

In this paper, through the relevant syntactic structure and semantic comparison of Chinese and Korean Studies on Modern Chinese function words “De(的)”, “De(的)” was investigated whether has the character of aspect. Through the investigation discovery, Korean language in common and difference on time. In the concrete analysis, this paper also uses Chomsky Government and Binding Theory theory and Barriers theory, analyzes the tree diagram “De(的)” sentence, and through the investigation of the verb “De(的)” analysis, comparison of Chinese and Korean “De(的)” aspect feature. The results are as follows:

本文的目的是分析最近3年韓國5種新聞報道之基礎上，介绍韩中两国建交之后韩语里面使用的汉语借词的现状，通过将这些借词和以前的汉语借词进行比较，分析说明这些汉语借词的特征。韩中两国政府正式建立起外交关系，意味着断绝了将近一个世纪的外交关系重新开始。以韩中两国的建交为契机，两国的政治·经济·社会·文化等各领域的交流开始急速增加。随着韩中交流的扩大，大量新的汉语借词开始进入韩语当中。韩国和中国维持了超过两千年的长期的语言接触。属于不同语系的两种语言在如此长的时间内互相影响，这是在世界语言史上都很少见的独特现象。近代以前对于韩语产生影响的汉语借词大部分是通过文献，特别是以四书五经为代表的儒家经典进入韩语当中，但是韩中建交以后进入韩语里的汉语借词则在很多方面上呈现出和以前的借词不同的特征。韩国和中国虽然自古以来一直交流不断，但是像最近一样的大规模的直接交流还是前所未有的。