We investigated the change of growth characters by over-expressing OsPT6 (OsPT6-OX) under phosphorus (Pi) deficient condition in rice. In analyzing the change of growth rate according to Pitreatment for two weeks, shoot growth rate of OsPT6-OX was increased in Pi deficient condition than in Pi sufficient condition. Therefore, the chlorophyll content of leaf in OsPT6-OXs did not increase even decreased in the youngest leaf. However growth rate of wild type plant in Pi deficient condition showed significant reduction with increment of chlorophyll content. In analyzing agronomic characters, the tiller number of OsPT6-OX less decreased than those of wild type plant in Pi deficient condition. Panicle number and ripening rate of wild type plant were changed according to Pi treatment. However those of OsPT6-OX did not change in such conditions. Resulting of changes in agronomic characters, yield of wild type plant decreased about 10 % in Pi deficient condition. That of OsPT6-OX did not show significant difference in Pi deficient condition. The results obtained this study demonstrated that over-expression of OsPT6 could increase phosphorus deficient stress resistance in rice.

Expression of new germplasm is very important in breeding program because the characters are the reflection of the genes and the environment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the expression of agronomic characters of 20 Korean soybean varieties in Indonesia. The experiment was conducted at greenhouse of the Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute in Malang during May to August 2012. The materials were consisted of 20 Korean soybean varieties, and four Indonesian soybean varieties as check. The experimental design was randomized completely block with three replications. Result showed that there were significant differences among germplasm for the characters of days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of reproductive nodes per plant, number of filled pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed yield per plant, and 100-seed weight, but there were no differences on number of unfilled pods per plant. Usually, all of Korean varieties have shorter plant height than the Indonesian soybean varieties. Based on seed yield per plant, the best perfomance were showed by Daewonkong, Detam 1, Jangmikong, and Songhakkong, i.e. 12.8 g, 11.6 g, 11.4 g, and 11.3 g per plant respectively. The seed yields of these varieties were higher than the Indonesian popular variety of Anjasmoro (8.8 g).

재배종과 야생종의 인공교잡 분리세대에서 주요형질들의 변이와 유전력을 조사하여 야생종을 이용한 콩 품종육성의 기초자료를 얻고자 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 두 인공교배의 집단에서 100립중을 제외한 나머지 조사 형질들은 초월분리를 보였다. 과 의 평균 개화일수는 양친의 중간정도로 정규분포를 보였다. 백립중의 평균은 은하콩, 소백나물콩 두 조합 각각 6.2, 5.7g으로 소립종 쪽으로 치우쳤으며, 입중의 분포는 소립종 쪽으로 치우친 정규분포를 보였다. 의 평균수량은 양친의 중간정도이었다. 의 덩굴성은 두 조합 각각 6.4, 6.6이었으며 평균은 은하콩 조합이 6.0으로 덩굴성 쪽으로 치우쳐 덩굴성이 부분적인 우성을 보였으나, 소백나물콩 조합에서는 4.6으로 은하콩과는 다른 결과를 보였다. 경장, 개화일수, 개체당 협수, 수량, 도복, 덩굴성 등은 높은 광의의 유전력을 보였으며 100립중은 협의의 유전력이 은하콩 조합에서 52.3%, 소백나물콩 조합에서 65.6%로 평가되어 초기세대에서의 선발이 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구는 제주도에 있어서 인산 시용량 차이가 (0,4,8,16,32kg/10a) 사료용 청예동부의 수량 등 형질변화에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 수행하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 초장, 생초중,경중, 엽중, 엽수, 주경절수, 1차분지수,협수. 협중 등은 조사시기에 관계없이 인산시비량이 증가할수록 증가되었다. 2. 초장 및 주엽절수는 8월 25일 이후 증가가 없었고 경중 및 생체중은 시비량에 관계없이 8월 25일 (파종후 60일)에 가장

소맥(小麥) 집단(集團)에 있어서 조숙(早熟) 다수성(多收性) 계통(系統)의 효율적(效率的)인 선발(選拔)에 관(關)한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻고자 중숙(中熟)조숙(早熟)(올밀/새밀), 만숙중숙(中熟)(Naphal/청계밀) 두 조합(組合)을 공시(供試)하여 집단(集團)의 유전적(遺傳的) 변이(變異)를 조사(調査)하고 경로분석(徑路分析)을 한바 얻어진 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 유전변이계수(遺傳變異係數)는 올밀새밀 조합(組合)에서는 수획지수(收獲指數), 립수(粒數), 수량(收量), 간장(稈長)의 순(順)으로, Naphal청계밀 조합(組合)에서는 수획지수(收獲指數), 간장(稈長), 1,000 립중(粒重)의 순(順)으로 높았다. 유전력(遺傳力)(협의(狹意))은 양조합(兩組合)에서 출수기(出穗期), 성숙기(成熟期), 간장(稈長), 수획지수(收獲指數)가 높았고(0.525~0.808) 립수(粒數), 수량(收量)은 낮았다. 유전획득량(遺傳獲得量)(%)은 출수기(出穗期), 성숙기(成熟期)가 양조합(兩組合)에서 모두 높았고 수량(收量)은 낮았다. 1,000립중(粒重)의 유전획득량(遺傳獲得量)(%)은 Naphal청계밀 조합(組合)에서는 높게 나타났다. 수량(收量)과 수수(穗數) 및 립수(粒數)와는 높은 정(正)의 유의상관(有意相關)을 보였고 수량(收量)에 대(對)한 직접효과(直接效果)는 수수(穗數)가 가장 컸고 다음은 립수(粒數)였다.

Background: Sorghum is a major cereal food crop used in many parts of the world. It has been grown on a subsistence level by farmers, under various conditions of environmental stresses in the semi-arid tropics of Africa and Asia. This plant has received significant attention because of its ability to reduce cholesterol in the blood, and its anti-dementia, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. It is possible to develop a functional and commercially viable sorghum variety by using superior cultivars of sorghum. The objective of this study was to build a database of superior sorghum accession.Methods and Results: We used 250 sorghum accessions collected from different geographical bioregions in Korea. We determined various agronomic characters including germination rate and ear length of these accessions. To determine the antioxidant capacity, we measured the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)-diammonium salt radical scavenging activity, total phenolic contents, and total flavonoid contents. Accession 189 showed higher germination (> 80%) than the other accessions. Higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was observed in 11-SB-078 (RC50; 1.89 ± 2.88 μg/ml), and higher 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)-diammonium salt radical scavenging activity was recorded in 11-SB-116 (RC50; 35.48 ± 2.42 μg/ml) than in the other accessions. The ear length ranged from 15 ㎝ to 48 ㎝, the total phenolic contents ranged from 3 ㎎• GAE/g to 77 ㎎• GAE/g, and total flavonoid contents ranged from 0.09 ㎎• QE/g to 1.07 ㎎• QE/g.Conclusions: Among 250 sorghum accessions, we selected 10 with both superior agronomic characters and highly functional food quality.

Hybrid sterility is a critical barrier of inter-subspecific crosses in rice. However, hybrid sterility can be overcome by wide compatibility variety. The HWC-line of rice had slender grain shape, tall culm length, wide compatibility with both indica and japonica cultivars. For QTL analysis of HWC-line, two F2 populations were derived from the crosses between the HWC-line and each of two Korean variety, Dasan (Korean Tongil-type cultivar) and Hwacheong (temperate japonica cultivar). In the cross between HWC-line/Dasan (HD), 93 STS markers and 13 SSR markers were mapped on 12 chromosomes. In the population from HWC-line/Hwacheong (HH) cross, 28 STS markers, 29 SSR markers and 1 FNP marker were mapped on 11 chromosomes. Eight agronomic characters were evaluated for QTL analysis in two F2 populations and parents. The F2 population from HD cross revealed 21 M-QTLs and 3 E-QTL for culm length, spikelet per panicle, spikelet fertility, grain length, grain width, grain shape and 100 grains weight. 8 QTLs of culm length, grain length, grain width and grain shape were newly detected in this study. In the F2 population from HH cross, 17 M-QTLs were detected for culm length, panicle length, spikelet fertility, grain length, grain width, grain shape and 100 grains weight. 6 QTLs of culm length, grain length, grain width and grain shape were newly found in this study. These QTLs will be able to provide basic information on putative functional genes related with agronomic characters and promote breeding new rice cultivar. HWC-line could be used as bridge for inter-subspecies crosses and in hybrid breeding.

The HWC-line of rice showed wide compatibility with both indica and japonica cultivars, tall culm length, long and slender grain shape. For QTL analysis, two F2 populations were derived from the crosses between the HWC-line and each of two Korean variety, Dasanbyeo (Korean Tongil-type cultivar) and Hwacheongbyeo (temperate japonica cultivar), respectively. A total of 190 F2 plants were evaluated in each of two F2 populations. Eight agronomic characters were measured for QTL analysis in F2 populations and parents. Two molecular linkage maps were constructed. In the F2 population from cross between HWC-line / Dasanbyeo (HD) cross, 93 STS markers and 13 SSR markers were mapped on 12 chromosomes, covering a total length of 1942.6 cM, with an average distance of 18.33cM between adjacent markers. In the F2 population from HWC-line / Hwacheongbyeo (HH) cross, 28 STS markers, 29 SSR markers and 1 FNP marker were mapped on 11 chromosomes, spanning a total length of 925.53cM, with an average distance of 15.96cM between adjacent markers. In the F2 population from HD cross, 16 M-QTLs and 1 E-QTL were detected for culm length, spikelets per panicle, spikelet fertility, grain length, grain width, grain shape and 100 grains weight. 7 QTLs of spikelet fertility, grain length, grain width and grain shape were newly identified in this study. In the F2 population from HH cross, 15 M-QTLs were detected for culm length, panicle length, spikelet fertility, grain length, grain width, grain shape and 100 grains weight. 6 QTLs of culm length, grain length, grain width and grain shape were newly identified in this study. The QTLs identified in this study would provide basic information on putative functional genes related agronomic characters and facilitate breed new rice cultivar.

Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus (BaYMV) caused significant reduction in barley yield and is difficult to control due to alive parasitic soil-borne fungus, Palmyra gamines that transmits the, virus. Previous studies have indicated that a virus-free soil could be infested by using virus-contaminated farming machineneries and implements. For the further confirmation of this finding, different proportions of BaYMV-infested soil were mixed into virus free soil. Three barley varieties (Hordum vulgarae, cv "Olbori", "Baegdong" and "Sacheon 6") were sown in pots treated with different rate of P. graminis-infested soil ranging from 0% to 100% in October 20, 2001. Results showed that BaYMV infection increased as the rate of infested soil increased. Initial symptoms were observed in a pots treated with 10% infested soil in all the 3 varieties of barley. "Olbori" had about 5% infection in 20% infested soil and about 10% infection in 40% or 50% infested soil and about 20% infection in 60% infested soil. In "Baegdong", the trend of BYMV occurrence was similar with "Olbori" but the time of severe infection was earlier than "Olbori". BaYMV infection in "Sacheon 6" was even earlier than "Baegdong" with much more severe symptoms than "Baegdong". The growth rate of barley was affected by about 19-22% when grown in 20% infested soil. As the rate of BaYMV infested soil increased the heading date was delayed but the maturing date was early in "Olbori" and "Sacheon 6". Also, reduction rate of culm length in 3 varieties increased with increase of infested soil content. However, "Olbori" showed the highest reduction. "Sacheon 6", have been characterized with long spike length, however was significantly reduced as the infested soil increased. On the other hand, spike length of "Olbori" was not significantly affected despite of increased of infested soil. The reduction rate of 1000 kernel weight was higher in large kernel size cultivar "Sacheon 6" and "Olbori" than small kernel size "Baegdong" as increase of BaYMV-infested soil content.

The effect of colchicine treatment on the agronomic performance and polyploid formation of Bupleurum falcatum using flow cytometry technique was investigated. The roots of 4-leaf stage plants were treated with colchicine (0.5%) for 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours and then transplanted in the field. Agronomic characters (survival rate, plant height, chlorophyll content, bolting rate) were recorded at 4 weeks and 6 months after transplanting while flow cytometry technique was conducted for determination of polyploid formation. Flow cytometry technique revealed polyploid nuclear DNA formation in colchicine treated plants. The highest number of polyploids was obtained at the shortest colchicine treatment time indicating an inverse relationship between colchicine treatment time and polyploid formation. Results also showed that survival and bolting rates were inversely related with the treatment time while plant height and chlorophyll were not significantly affected by the treatment. This study showed a convenient method for determination of colchicine-induced polyploid in B. falcatum and its superior agronomic performance at shorter treatment time.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of stem-cutting (SC) length and portion on the major agronomic characters related with dry matter production and accumulation, and to examine their relation­ships in cassava. When cassava was planted with longer SCs or with older portion SCs, major canopy or source characters like leaf number and leaf area index developed excessively, while tuber yields could be reduced due to the decrease of root/shoot ratio, relative growth rate, root dry weight, and harvest index, particularly in the bitter varieties (high cyanide-level varieties). It was considered that the sweet varieties (low cyanide-level varieties) be early­bulked with higher tuber yield when they are planted with the 25-30 cm long SCs or with the SCs from young type to semi-mature portions of mother stems, while the bitter varieties with the 15-20 cm long SCs or with the SCs from semi-mature to hardwood portions of mother stems, respectively. However, a significant interaction between length and portion of SC was not observed in all agronomic characters.

들깨 유전자원을 평가하여 품종육성을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 전국적으로85점을 수집 2001년에 충북농업기술원에서 재배하고, 작물학적 특성을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 들깨 수집종 85점은 조생종이 19개로 전체의 23%, 중생 종이 57개로 67%, 만생종이 9개로 10%였는데, 조생종은 주로 중북부지역 수집종이었고, 만생종은 주로 남부평야지역에서 수집된 것들이었으며, 중생종은 전국적으로 고르게 분포되었다. 2. 천립중은 평균 2.7g이었는데, 경남 함양종이 3.9g으로 가장 무거웠으며, 강원 평창종은 1.7g으로 극소립종이었는데, 대부분 중. 소립종이었다. 립중이 무거울수록 만생종인 경향이었다. 3. 종피색은 암갈색이 30%, 갈색이 55% 그리고 회갈색이 6%로 갈색계통이 전체의 91%였다. 회백색 계통이 경장이 길고, 립중이 무거웠다. 4. 경장과 절수, 분지수와 화방군수 그리고 화방군당삭수와 화방군장은 상호간에 유의적인 정의 상관이었으며, 화방군당삭수와 천립중과는 유의한 부의 상관이었다. 5 .회백색 계통 1개 수집종과 3.5g이상의 대립인 경남 함양 종 등 4개 수집종을 교배모본으로 활용하고자 한다.