The removal of residual captan in carrot and kale by storage temperatures and the addition of condiments was investigated. The quantities of residual captan after sticking and drying of captan in carrot and kale were 0.958 and 26.12 ppm, respectively. During storage of 20 days at 15, 3 and -17℃, the levels of the residual captan in carrot decreased to 0.008 (removal rate: 99.2%), 0.228(76.2%) and 0.380 ppm (60.3%), and those in kale decreased to 1.21 (95.4%), 7.72 (70.5%) and 15.06 ppm (42.3%), respectively. The higher removal rate of residual captan was observed at the higher storage temperatures. When the condiments of soy sauce, green onion, garlic and vinegar added to the carrot which contaminated with the captan and then stored at 15℃ for 24hrs, the residual levels of captan decreased to 0.207 (removal rate: 78.4%), 0.196 (79.5%), 0.164 (82.8%) and 0.209 ppm (78.2%), respectively, showing the garlic was the most effective. However, the residual levels in kale were 2.27 (91.3%), 12.70 (51.4%), 16.42 (37.1%) and 13.70 ppm (47.5%), respectively under the same condition, indicating the soy sauce was the most effective. The removal rates of residual captan in carrot and kale were significantly higher with the addition of the condiments than those of the controls that without the condiments.

Recently, increasing interest in environmental pollution problems that can be discharged emerging from inland water cultures, problems in the processing of effluents are recognized as environmental pollution sources are difficult accordingly. As a result, in this study, the effluent water as such a source of environmental pollution carried examine the availability of as organic fertilizer to be used for cultivation of crops. The study tested using 3 types of crops, As a method of using as a fertilizer in a particular solution that was created and practices to liquid fertilizer solution used to the concentration of the effluent. After you grow crops in a certain amount of irrigation once every week for each processing it was analyzed for the differences of content of the functional substance and growth of crops. As a result a certain amount of the effluent water in the stock solution, the content of functional materials and growth of crops were found to be superior to other processes in irrigation which was treated weekly. In conclusion, according to these results the effluent water from BFT inland water culture has been found to give a positive effects on the contents of the functional materials and growth of crops. Studies on a method for utilizing the effluent water as a fertilizer is considered further required.

Even though Korean consumers have shown the strong preference for environmentfriendly agricultural products, the real market of environment-friendly agricultural products may reach a plateau. In order to overcome this problem, researchers should find the more specific consumers’ needs, including taste, flavor, shape, and others. and offer some implications to farmers and marketers. The object of this paper is to analyze the determinant factors of Korean consumers about environmentfriendly carrot and oriental melon, through survey and fuzzy multi-criteria decision making approach. The results of analyses present that Korean consumers have the unique determinant factors about environment-friendly carrot and oriental melon, which are different from conventional carrot and oriental melon. Korean consumers’ experience of the buying of environment-friendly vegetable is also influential in the determinant factors. Findings and implications from this research may be useful to Korean producers and other researchers.

당근의 약배양을 통한 효율적 식물체 재생 시스템을 확립하고자 실험을 수행하였다. 당근 유전형 ‘S&P2342’의 약을 2,4-D와 NAA를 각각 0.1 mg/L 또는 1.0 mg/L 단독 또는 조합 처리한 배지에 치상하여 암조건에서 18주간 배양하였을 때, 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L + NAA 0.1 mg/L 조합처리에서 캘러스 형성율 22.0%, 배형성율 2.0%로 반응이 가장 좋았다. 약으로부터 직접적으로 유도된 1차배를 분리하여 명조건에서 2주간 배양 후 재생배지로 옮겨 배양하였을 때 배양 4주 후부터 발아하다가 생장이 멈추어진 1차배로부터 다수의 2차배가 형성되기 시작하였다. 배양 8주 후 62.5%가 식물체로 전환되었으며, 12주 후 본엽이 전개된 소식물체로 발달하였다. 또한 약으로부터 유도된 캘러스를 분리하여 재생배지에서 배양하였는데, 8주 후 93.9%의 캘러스로부터 1차배가 형성되었으며, 38.8%에서 1차배로부터 2차배 형성을 거쳐 식물체로 전환되었다. 약배양 유래 소식물체(본엽 2매 이상, 초장 2-4 cm)의 건전한 기내 생장을 유도하기 위해 실시한 광도(10, 30, 100, 150 μmol·m-2·s-1) 처리에서 100 μmol·m-2·s-1이 소식물체의 생장에 가장 효과적이었다. 소식물체의 효율적인 기외 활착을 위하여 본엽 4매 이상, 초장 5 cm 이상의 소식물체를 플러그 트레이에 이식 후 플라스틱 재배용기 안에 넣은 다음 온도 (15, 20, 25℃)와 광도(μmol·m-2·s-1) 처리를 각각 2주간에 걸쳐 실시하였는데, 온도 처리에서는 15℃가 기외 활착에 가장 적합하였으며, 광도 처리에서는 100 μmol·m-2·s-1 처리구만 기외 활착이 원활하였다. 결론적으로 당근의 약배양으로부터 직접 배형성 또는 캘러스 단계를 거치는 간접 배형성이 이루어졌으며, 1차배로부터 2차배가 형성된 후 발아를 거쳐 소식물체가 재생되었으며 이를 성공적으로 활착시켜 정상적인 식물체를 얻을 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 당근에서의 약배양으로부터 직접 및 간접 배형성을 통한 식물체 재생 시스템을 구축하였으며, 향후 당근의 F1 잡종 생산을 위한 순수 동형접 합성 유지계통 및 화분친 모본계통의 획득에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

The most important factor in breeding program is to obtain the value-added genetic line. Generally, breeders develop genetic sources using several methods such as segregation-breeding, cross-breeding, backcross-breeding, mutation induction, tissue culture and so on. Here, we present one classical way but very valuable method called cell fusion or protoplast fusion to create genetic sources for the breeding practice. The method we developed was the asymmetric somatic-hybridization of protoplast isolated from carrots. This is rather to transfer the nucleus from the high quality F1 hybrid to other mediocre line to produce a new carrot line. Since the breeding a carrot line for higher quality and purity takes a long time, therefore this nuclear transfer technology is very beneficial to generate a new line that could be useful to breed elite varieties. We had obtained around 200 fused carrots (cybrids), 12 cybrids were self pollinated and produced seeds. Selected progenies (C3) have been evaluated for horticultural characteristics and we have found new genetic lines that show better phenotypes.

The most important factor in breeding program is to obtain the value-added genetic line. Generally, breeders develop genetic sources using several methods such as segregation-breeding, cross-breeding, backcross-breeding, mutation induction, tissue culture and so on. Here, we present one classical way but very valuable method called cell fusion or protoplast fusion to create genetic sources for the breeding practice. The method we developed was the asymmetric somatic-hybridization of protoplast isolated from carrots. This is rather to transfer the nucleus from the high quality F1 hybrid to other mediocre line to produce a new carrot line. Since the breeding a carrot line for higher quality and purity takes a long time, therefore this nuclear transfer technology is very beneficial to generate a new line that could be useful to breed elite varieties. We had obtained around 200 fused carrots (cybrids), 12 cybrids were self pollinated and produced seeds. Selected progenies have been evaluated for horticultural characteristics and we have found new genetic lines that show better phenotypes.

국내 재배 당근 품종은 대부분 수입에 의존하고 있어 국내 당근산업의 기반을 유지하고 경쟁력 확보를 위하여 우수한 품종을 개발 보급하고자 본 ‘그라운드 킹’을 육성하였다. 근형은 원추형이고, 근피색, 근육색 및 심색은 주황색으로 근피가 매끈하다. 숙기는 중만생종이고, 육질이 연하고 수분이 많다. 병해 저항성은 검은잎마름병 및 흰가루병이 중간 정도로 대비품종인 ‘양면’과 비슷하고, 추대에 다소 약하므로 조기 파종 할 때 추대 위험이 있다. 수량은 3,228 kg/10a이고, 근장은 16.3 cm, 근중은 171.0 g으로 대비품종 ‘양면’ 166.5 g과 비슷하다. 추대율은 3.9%로 양면 5촌의 2.4%보다 다소 높아 조기 파종시 추대의 위험이 있으므로 적기에 파종하여야 한다.

The most important factor in breeding program is to obtain the value-added genetic line. Generally, breeders develop genetic sources using several methods such as segregation-breeding, cross-breeding, backcross-breeding, mutation induction, tissue culture and so on. Here, we present one classical way but very valuable method called cell fusion or protoplast fusion to create genetic sources for the breeding practice. The method we developed was the asymmetric somatic-hybridization of protoplast isolated from carrots. This is rather to transfer the nucleus from the high quality F1 hybrid to other mediocre line to produce a new carrot line. Since the breeding a carrot line for higher quality and purity takes a long time, therefore this nuclear transfer technology is very beneficial to generate a new line that could be useful to breed elite varieties. We had obtained around 200 fused carrots (cybrids), 12 cybrids were self pollinated and produced seeds. Selected progenies are currently being evaluated for horticultural characteristics including self fertility.

There are many evidences that carotenoids may act as antioxidants and protect humans from serious disorders such as skin degeneration and aging, cardiovascular disease, certain types of cancer, and age-related diseases of the eye. Carrots (Daucus carota L.) are consumed as an important dietary source of b-carotene, a-carotene and lutein. Astaxanthin, a keto-carotenoid has been used to raise red color of fish body and to improve immune activity in fish-breeding industry. In this study, transgenic carrot plants were generated to overproduce carotenoids including astaxanthin, a non-natural ketocarotenoid in this plant, using an efficient storage root-expression system. Among the nineteen transgenic carrot plants, transformed by a storage root-specific (ibMads) or a storage root (ibAGP1) or the constitutive CaMV35S promoters with three genes involved in carotenoid synthesis [Psy (Phytoen synthase), Crtl (Lycopen-β-cyclase), CrtO (β-carotene ketolase)], transgenic plants with ibAGP1 promoter, an amyloplast targeting sequence (TP1) and a single CrtO gene gave high content of keto-carotenoids and b-carotene. For fish body coloration, carotenoid extract or astaxanthin significantly made the body color of red seabreams more reddish than those of normal diet-fish in the 3 weeks feeding. In addition, the serum lysozyme activity in carotene-treated fish was significantly higher than that in normal diet-fed fish (P<0.05) in the 6 weeks feeding. In these cases, neither carotenoid extract- nor astaxanthin-contained diet did influence on growth rate and food utilization in red seabreams. These results suggested that carotenoid extract prepared in the present study may be useful in the body coloration and the enhancement of nonspecific immune response of red seabreams. Meanwhile, b-carotene (50 mM) up-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a expression (PPAR-a) by about two fold in CV-1 cells, while the carotenoid extracts and astaxanthin failed to affect on the expression. Carotenoid extracts (250 mg/ml) from wild type carrot or transgenic carrots showed moderate DPPH scavenging activity.

Carrots (Daucus carota L.) are consumed as an important dietary source of provitamin A including β-carotene, α-carotene and lutein. An HPLC method was applied to determine the content of the carotenoid composition in carrot cutivars cultivated in Korea. HPLC analyses were carried out with five carrot cultivars (Socheon-5-chon, Hongsim-5-chon, Myeongju-5-chon, Seonhongbom-5-chon and Betarich) sown at April, 2007 and six cultivars (Yeoreum-5-chon, Hanyeoreum-5-chon, Sinheukjeon-5-chon, Bibariheukjeon, Manina and Betarich) sown at August of the same year. In general, the former varieties are not used for the sowing at summer because of their bolting (growth of floral axis). The former and the latter carrots were harvested after 110 and 96 days from seeding, respectively, and the carotenoids were extracted with acetone after freeze-drying. The amount of α-carotene (117.7∼205.3 μg/g・DW) was similar to that of β-carotene (113.1∼189.6 μg/g・ DW) for the carrot cultivars sown at spring, while the content (46.2∼71.1 μg/g・DW) was about a half of β-carotene content (92.5∼140.2 μg/g・DW) for the latter cultivars. In addition, the average content of lutein (25.2 μg/g・DW) in the former cultivars was eight times higher than that in the latter cultivars (3.1 μg/g・DW). Among the spring cultivation types, Socheon-5-chon and Myeongju-5-chon showed higher amount of α-carotene and β-carotene, while the higher amount was determined in Yeoreum-5-chon and Sinheukjeon-5-chon among the autumn cultivation types. Validation of the HPLC-DAD method showed good linearity (r2 > 0.997) of the three compounds analyzed in a wide concentration range (0.025∼20 μg/ml). The R.S.D. values for intra-day and inter-day precision were less than 19.2% and the mean recovery of each compound was 85.4∼104.7%.

세척 당근에 E. coli O157:H7과 L. monocytogenes를 인위적으로 접종한 후 UV-C 조사 처리에 따른 저장 중 미생물수 변화를 조사하였다. 당근에 접종된 E. coli O157:H7과 L. monocytogenes의 초기 균수가 6-7 log CFU/mL가 되게하였고, 사용된 UV-C 조사선량은 1, 3, 5, 이었으며 조사된 시료는 에서 8일 동안 저장하였다. UV-C 조사는 E. coli O157:H7과 L. monocy

본 연구에서는 참취녹즙 : 당근즙액 : 인삼즙액의 혼합비율을 66.5 : 28.5 : 5로 혼합하여 제조한 혼합 참취녹즙이 사염화탄소 투여 흰쥐의 혈청지질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험군은 정상식이군(NC군), 혼합 참취녹즙 식이군(BA군), 정상식이 4주 후 를 투여하는 정상식이 사염화탄소 대조군(군) 및 혼합 참취녹즙 식이 4주 후 를 투여하는 혼합 참취녹즙 사염화탄소 대조군(군)의 4군이었다. 식이섭취량은 모든 처리군 간에 차이가 없었으

Carrots (Daucus carota L.) are consumed as an important dietary source of b-carotene (provitamin A), a-carotene and lutein. An HPLC method was applied to determine the content of the carotenoid composition in carrot cultivars from Korea. Analyses were carried out with five carrot cultivars (Socheon-5-chon, Hongsim-5-chon, Myeongju-5-chon, Seonhongbom-5-chon and Betarich) sown at April, 2007 and six cultivars (Yeoreum-5-chon, Hanyeoreum-5-chon, Sinheukjeon-5-chon, Bibariheukjeon, Manina and Betarich) sown at August of the same year. The former and the latter carrots were harvested after 110 and 96 days from seeding, respectively, and the carotenoids were extracted with acetone after freeze-drying. The amount of a-carotenewas similar to that of b-carotene for the carrot cultivars sown at spring, while the content was about a half of b-carotene content for the latter cultivars. In addition, the average content of lutein in the former cultivars was nine times higher than that in the latter cultivars. Among the spring cultivation types, Socheon-5-chon and Myeongju-5-chon showed higher amount of a-carotene and b-carotene, while the higher amount was determined in Yeoreum-5-chon and Sinheukjeon-5-chon among the autumn cultivation types. This difference between spring cultivation types and autumn cultivation types was also shown in commercial two types of carrots purchased from local market.