최근 해외 주요 정보선진국들 차원에서 국가안보의 위협에 대한 인식들의 변화가 발견된다. 전통적인 국가안보의 위협이었던, WMD, 적국 스파이행 위, 군사도발, 테러리스트ㆍ초국가 범죄단체의 위협들 외에도 기후변화, 전 염병과 신종바이러스의 위협, 식량과 반도체 등 공급망, 사이버 공격, 신 기술과 관련된 경쟁과 악용에 대한 위협들이 새롭게 인식되고 있다. 무엇 보다 악의적 허위정보, 정보조작을 통한 사회혼란, 여론조작, 선거개입 등 의 민주주의 시스템을 흔드는 시도들은 자유민주주의 국가에 대한 중요한 위해요소로 등장하였다. 이 같은 위협들이 실존적인 인류와 국가의 생존과 관련되면서 해외주요 국가들은 정보기관들에 복합적 국가안보위협에 대응 하기 위해 기술적, 지식적, 인지적 준비를 갖출 것을 요구하고 있다. 이를 위해서는 입법을 통한 정보기관 권한 강화하가 가장 중요하다. 그러나 국 내의 경우 정보기관의 수사 및 정보활동을 더 약화되었고 현재 주요 국내 정보기관의 활동은 해외의 정보강국들에 비해 상대적으로 크게 위축된 상 황이다. 반면, 미국 등 서구 주요 정보선진국들은 새로운 안보위협들에 대 응할 수 있도록 정보기관의 활동과 권한을 강화할 입법조치를 취하고 있 다. 이러한 변화는 신냉전 상황에서 각 국가의 핵심적인 안보전략과 정보 기관의 업무범위와 방향을 일치시키고 조율하는 것으로 향후 수년간 이러 한 추세가 지속될 것이 예측된다. 따라서 주요 정보강국들의 정보기관 활 동과 권한을 규정하는 법률들을 이해하는 것은 오늘날 한국의 국가안보차 원의 정보활동에 중요하다. 그러나 국내에는 이와 같은 관점에서 정보활동 을 강화하는 법률에 대한 고찰연구를 발견하기 어렵다. 이에 따라 이 연구는 미국의 국가안보와 관련된 가장 핵심적 정보기관들의 정보활동, 업무, 권한과 이를 규정하는 법률들에 대해 소개하고자 한다. 이러한 연구의 목 적을 위해서 다양한 자료들을 대상으로 문헌분석을 수행하였다. 결론 부분 에서 미국 사례분석에 근거하여 국내 정보기관의 권한과 관련한 입법관련 정책시사점이 논의되었다.

본 연구는 에니어그램을 활용한 영상관법 상담전략이 분노 감소에 미치는 효 과를 알아보는 데 그 목적이 있다. 연구 문제로 첫째, 에니어그램을 활용한 영 상관법 상담을 통하여 어떠한 심리적 변화를 경험하는가? 둘째, 에니어그램 활 용한 영상관법의 어떤 요소가 분노 감소에 영향을 미쳤는가? 연구 방법은 단일 사례연구 방법을 채택하였으며, 연구 참여자는 34세 여성 으로 신체적, 정서적 측면에서 분노를 호소했다. 에니어그램을 활용한 영상관법 상담전략을 적용하여 2023년 1월~4월까지 주 1회 60분씩 총 8회기 실시하였 다. 또한 에니어그램의 성격적 특성의 변화를 알아보기 위해서 성격유형 검사 를 사전, 사후검사를 진행하였다. 그 결과 특징적인 면은 9번 유형이 사전검사 13점에서 사후검사 3점으로 낮아져 자기표현을 잘하고 있으며, 연구 참여자 스 스로 자기의 성격유형을 이해하면서 본질과 성장방향으로 향하고 있음을 확인 하였고, 영상관법 상담전략의 개입은 어린 시절 미해결 된 촉발사건을 영상으 로 떠올려 알아차리고 거기에 머물러 지켜보면서 부정적인 감정을 긍정적인 변 화를 통하여 심리적, 신체적으로 안정을 갖게 되어 심리치유가 이루어졌다. 분 노감소를 파악하기 위하여 분노검사 사전 76점, 사후 25점으로 현저하게 감소 되었음을 확인하였다.

PURPOSES : This study is to evaluate environmental improvement effects of underground road project, as a case study of ‘Seobu’underground expressway project in Korea. METHODS : The environmental improvement effects of underground road construction were classified into tree sector in this study – air quality, noise, and thermal environment. To evaluate these effects, this study collected and divided environment dataset into before, during, and after ‘Seobu’underground expressway construction, and compared the change of values with entire city. In addition, the quantification method of environmental improvement effects was suggested based on the literature review. RESULTS : The result of this study indicates that there exist significant improvement effects of urban environment after the construction of ‘Seobu’underground expressway. Specifically, the concentration of particulate matters (PM10) and daytime/nighttime noise, and land surface temperature (LST) were improved along the expressway. In addition, the overall environmental benefit of ‘Seobu’ underground expressway was estimated to 1.15 billion won per year. CONCLUSIONS : To promote systematic and consistent underground road project, it is required to establish legislative system for evalauting and supporting urban improvement effects.

Odor is a type of air pollution where irritating substances enter through the olfactory system, causing discomfort. At present, the government is formulating various measures and policies to address this type of pollution. This paper seeks to analyze major research cases from both domestic and overseas settings in relation to odor management. In addition, it reviews the potential of addressing environmental issues using a living lab approach in conjunction with community mapping and citizen science. For example, in one domestic case, the Magok smart city living lab project, citizens’ data on community mapping of odor were collected for analysis using artificial intelligence (AI) to derive results. Additionally, in an overseas case in California, citizens directly participated in monitoring air quality using the Community-based monitoring (CBM) method, and both CBM and existing methods were used to assess the level of pollutants for effective data collection. In both of these cases, the potential to address environmental issues was seen to manifest through the development of citizens’ determination and ability to independently solve local problems. However, there are still problems in implementing citizen science, such as the lack of infrastructure and resources available, issues with data collection methodology, questions of objectivity regarding collected data, and concerns about sustainability and expertise in relation to civic participation. Addressing these problems would require an institutional foundation and systematic civic education. This study highlights the potential of addressing environmental problems inherent in the living lab system based on citizen science by analyzing two cases. In addition, this study suggests that if systematic civic education measures are introduced to address issues within existing citizen science research approaches, such measures would be valuable within the educational living lab framework in that they would become effective in tackling not only environmental problems but also social problems as well.

This study aimed to address the increasing demand for technologies preventing mushroom fly damage. By monitoring the annual occurrence patterns of pests over several years and accumulating data, we conducted an analysis to evaluate the efficacy of preventive measures applied before the surge in mushroom fly infestation, typically observed in May. For preemptive control, physical measures involved installing air curtains at cultivation facility entrances and placing sticky traps and insect traps around entry points to block external entry and reduce internal insect density. Additionally, we applied an organic agricultural material, Dalmatian chrysanthemum extract, weekly alongside chemical control measures. To assess the reduction in mushroom fly populations, yellow sticky traps (15×25 cm) were placed at three locations within the mushroom cultivation facility, and the occurrence patterns before and after implementing preventive measures were compared. Compared to conventional practices, the application of preventive techniques resulted in a significant reduction, with a 60% decrease from 15 levels of mushroom flies/m² to 6 levels of mushroom flies/m² in May and a 40% decrease from 10 levels of mushroom flies/m² to 6 levels of mushroom flies/m² in June. While achieving over 50% efficacy during the peak mushroom fly season with preventive measures, we identified complementary actions such as blocking external sources (gaps in cultivation facility doors) and maintaining cleanliness around cultivation facilities (proper disposal of spent substrate) for further improvement. Comprehensive analysis and safety studies, including correlation analysis with contaminants and pathogens, are recommended to ensure the widespread adoption of mushroom fly preventive techniques for safe and stable mushroom production in the agricultural sector.

글로벌 시대에 영화는 문화와 오락의 매개체일 뿐만 아니라 사회 문화 현상을 반영하는 중요한 방법이기도 하다. 다문화 영화 작품은 전 세계 관객들의 관심을 유도하는 동시에 작품 고유의 문화적 특색도 유지해야 한다. 본 연구는 2022년 픽사 애니메이션 스튜디오가 선보인 <메이의 새 빨간 비밀(Turning Red)>을 연구 대상으로 삼아 3막 서사 구조 분석 방 법을 활용해 해당 영화가 홉스테드(Geert Hofstede) 문화차원 이론(Hofstede Culture Dimension Theory)을 어떻게 구현했는지 살펴보고자 한다. 이 영화는 메이가 동서양 문화가 합쳐진 환경 속에서 어떻게 질풍노도의 청 소년기를 극복하고, 점차 자아를 발견하고 자신의 내면과 화해를 이루는 지 그 과정을 보여준다. <메이의 새빨간 비밀>의 서사 구조는 설정, 대 립, 해결의 세 가지 부분으로 명확하게 구분되어 관객이 영화를 이해하고 몰입하는 데 도움이 된다. 이 영화의 서사 전략은 홉스테드 문화차원 이 론을 교묘하게 활용하고, 캐릭터 간의 상호작용과 플롯 전개를 통해 다문 화 배경 속에서 개인의 성장 과정을 보여주는 것이다. 본 연구는 <메이의 새빨간 비밀>이 어떻게 3막 구조와 홉스테드의 문화차원 이론을 결합해 스토리를 구축하고, 이 이론들을 같이 활용해 관객들의 관심을 끌고 문화 적 공감대를 이끌어냈는지 연구하는 것을 목적으로 한다.

본 연구의 목적은 공동체 미학이 애니메이션 캐릭터 창조에 어떻게 적 용되는지를 탐구하는 것으로, 중국 애니메이션 영화 <강자아>를 사례로 삼았다. 본 논문은 텍스트 연구 방법을 사용하여 <강자아> 내의 캐릭터 와 줄거리를 심층 분석함으로써 공동체 미학의 구체적인 적용을 탐구한 다. 이에는 공동체 미학의 기본 개념과 이론 틀 소개는 물론 <강자아> 내 주요 캐릭터의 감정 공명과 연결에 대한 심층 분석을 포함한다. 공동 체 미학이 문화 전달 분야에서의 중요성을 설명하고, <강자아>의 사례 분석을 통해 공동체 요소가 캐릭터 형성과 스토리 전개에 미치는 영향을 보여준다.연구 결과는 공동체 미학이 애니메이션 캐릭터 창조에 중요한 적용 가치를 가지며 <강자아>는 공동체 미학의 개념을 성공적으로 활용 했음을 보여준다. 이는 중국 애니메이션 영화의 창작을 풍부하게 하고 관객에게 깊은 감정 체험과 문화적 성찰을 제공한다. 그것은 중국 애니 메이션 영화의 발전에 유익한 시사점과 참고를 제공하며, 캐릭터의 감정 적 깊이와 복잡성을 통해 관객이 감정 공명을 느끼고 영화의 줄거리에서 공동체의 힘을 체감할 수 있도록 한다. 공동체 미학의 적용은 관객의 감 정적 체험과 문화적 이해를 깊게 하는 데 도움이 된다.

In this study, complaints from visitors in the science museum satisfaction survey were categorized into four primary factors and ten sub-factors. This categorization aimed to provide recommendations for enhancing the Geochang Wolseong Space Creative Science Museum as an illustrative case study. Futhermore, the study examimed the relative importance of each factor by surveying 90 science museum visitors. The following results are obtained. Firstly, it was evident that the Geochang Wolseong Space Creative Science Museum requires urgent improvement. Certainly, in the primary factors, issues related to the utilization environment emerged as the most significant sources of dissatisfaction, while in the sub-factors, the adequacy of fees was identified as the most prominent concern. Secondly, through the result of the IPA (Importance-Performance Analysis) of the complaint factors, four primary issues were identified as top priorities for consideration: fare adequacy, lack of convenient facilities, in sufficient publicity, and a lack of distinctiveness compared to similar facilities. Lastly, when analyzing the relationship between complaints and overall satisfaction, factors related to human service, environment, and educational content had negative effects. In contrast, factors associated with science museum operation exhibited a different trend, suggestinga structural impact relationship with the overall impact of complaints.

Based on my attendance at the CIPA International Symposium(CIPA2023) organized by the International Scientific Committee on Heritage Documentation(ICOMOS), this paper explored research cases applying digital technologies, including BIM, to architectural heritage. The researches presented at this symposium were categorized into specific areas: data acquisition, data management, data sharing&experience. Through this classification, an analysis of research cases in architectural heritage utilizing digital technology was conducted. By categorizing the 43 academic papers from the CIPA2023 based on research themes, trends in the digital architecture field were analyzed, providing insights into future research directions for the digital acquisition, management, sharing, and experiential aspects of Korean architectural heritage. In conclusion, it is deemed necessary to reference and supplement the methodologies, including algorithms, workflows, and approaches developed in each study, to effectively apply methodologies suitable for the characteristics of Korean architectural heritage and its data.

우리나라는 초고령화 사회진입에 전세계적으로 보기드문 급속한 추세에 있다. 또한 코로나19로 인해 대 면적인 사회서비스 제한이 장기화된 상황에서 우리나라 서울보다 1.4배 넓은 소농·도시형인 포천시에 거주 하는 재가노인의 가장 우선시되는 욕구는 먼저 육체적으로 면역력 강화를 위한 영양섭취이고 다음으로는 사회관계를 통한 정신적인 스트레스 해소로 나타났다. 이에 포천시에 위치한 포천노인복지센터는 2004년부터 ‘재가노인지원서비스사업’을 수행하면서 집안에 서 적용 가능한 현관문 개폐와 노인 움직임 감지 등 IOT(Internet Of Things)를 실행하였다. 본 연구에서는 포천시에 거주하는 재가노인을 대상으로 경기도 특화사업인 ‘재가노인 건강기능강화를 위한 맞춤형영양지원사업’을 사회복지사 한명이 식재료와 조리방법을 직접 전달, 설명하는 ‘대면그룹 7명’ 과 수행했다. 그리고 자원봉사자와 재가노인이 일대일 재택대면매칭에 추가하여 ICT를 기반으로 원격화상 을 통해 조리사와 실시간 동시접속 하는 ‘비대면그룹 10명’으로 구분하였다. 8개월 동안 총17명의 대상자에게 음식요리와 섭취를 통해 ‘노인의 영양상태 간이조사’, ‘영양이 노인의 정서· 심리에 미치는 상관관계’ 설문조사와 인바디/혈압측정 등으로 정량적인 결과를 도출함으로써 재가노 인의 건강이 강화됨을 알 수 있었다.

본 연구는 특화된 문화관광지이자 주제관광의 대상이기도 한 한방식물원 탐방객의 인식 분석을 통해 한방식물원의 설계와 관리 방향을 제시하고자 한 것이다. 중국 하북성 안국시의 약박원(藥博園)을 사 례로 지각된 가치가 탐방객의 정서 및 편익에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 AHP-엔트로피 가중치를 통해 한방식물원 탐방객의 지각된 가치 지표의 가중치를 계산하는 한편 요인분석을 통해 요인과 지표의 관 계를 탐색하였다. 본 연구에서는 경관평가 연구에서 일반적으로 적용하는 지표 가중치 분석방법을 탐 방객의 지각된 가치 척도 도구로 활용하였다. 그 결과, 자극 내부요인반응(S-O-R)이론의 관계를 바탕으 로 ‘탐방객의 지각된 가치’, ‘정서’, ‘지각된 편익’ 간의 관계를 설명하는 구조 방정식 모델에서는 다른 요인과는 달리 ‘관리 서비스 지각가치’는 탐방객의 지각된 편익에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 AHP 계층분석법 및 엔트로피(Entropy) 가중치법을 통해 탐방객의 지각된 가치 지표에 관한 주·객관적 복합 가중치를 계산한 결과, ‘환경 지각 가치’의 가중치가 가장 높은데 반해 ‘관 리서비스 지각 가치’의 가중치는 가장 낮은 것으로 밝혀졌는데 이는 구조방정식의 상관관계 검정 결과 와 일치하는 것이다. 궁극적으로 한방식물원의 주변의 ‘환경’은 탐방객의 체험 향상에 가장 중요한 가 치임이 확인되었다.

본 연구는 유럽연합(EU)의 환경문제와 섬유패션산업 현황을 바탕으로 스페인의 탄소배출 절감 노력과 인디텍스 그룹의 전략을 분석하였다. 특 히 인디텍스 그룹의 사례를 통해 섬유패션산업의 탄소배출 절감 전략의 효과성을 검토하며, 섬유패션산업이 어떻게 지속 가능한 방향으로 전환 될 수 있는지의 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 특히 석유산업에 이어 두 번 째로 큰 환경 파괴원인으로 지목되는 패스트 패션의 탄소배출 문제를 조 명한다. 연간 전 세계에서 섬유패션산업은 탄소 배출량의 약 10%를 차 지하며, 이 수치는 모든 국제선 및 해상 운송의 배출량을 합친 것보다도 더 크다. 특히 패스트 패션의 생산과 유통 과정에서 발생하는 탄소배출 은 그 크기가 막대하여 지속가능성에 큰 위협을 미치고 있다. 즉, 패스트 패션의 탄소배출 문제를 해결하기 위한 전략적 접근 방식을 제시하며, 섬유패션산업의 지속가능성 향상을 위한 핵심 요소를 도출하고자 한다.

When decommissioning a nuclear power plant, it is expected that clearance or radioactive waste (e.g., soil, concrete, metal, etc.) below the low-level will be generated in a short period on a large scale. Among the various types of waste, most of the contaminated soil is known to be classified as clearance or the (very) low-level radioactive waste. Accordingly, an accurate measurement and classification of contaminated soil in real-time during the decommissioning process can efficiently reduce the amount of soil waste and the possibility of contamination diffusion. However, in order to apply a system that measures and classifies contaminated soil in real-time according to the level of contamination to the decommissioning site, a demonstration is required to evaluate whether the system is applicable to the site. In this study, to establish requirements for determining the applicability of the system to the decommissioning site, preceding cases from countries with abundant decommissioning experience were investigated. For example, MACTEC of the U.S. demonstrated the developed system at the Saxton nuclear power plant in the U.S. and confirmed that the amount of soil that can be analyzed per hour in the system is affected by radionuclides, minimum detectable activity (MDA), and applicable volume. In the future, therefore, we will utilize the result of this study to develop the requirements of demonstrating the system for measurement and classification of contaminated soil in real-time.

For safe and successful decommissioning, it is one of the most important procedures that establishing the goal and complying with regulations of which final status of decommissioned site and building. The dose criteria for cyclotron facilities should be established and applied to reuse the site and building, since building and component of a cyclotron facility have been activated by incident secondary neutrons from radioactive isotope processes (e.g. 18O(p,n)18F, etc.). Furthermore, appropriate approaches should be applied to demonstrate compliance with the dose criteria for reliability of reuse. It is of noted that U.S. NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission) has confirmed that the residual radioactivity which distinguishable from background radiation results in a TEDE (Total Effective Dose Equivalent) does not exceed 25 mrem (0.25 mSv) per year as radiological criteria for unrestricted use of not only nuclear power plants but also cyclotron facilities referred to 10 CFR Part 20.1402. In addition, U.S. NRC noted the two approaches (i.e. dose assessment methods and, DCGL and final status surveys) which can be applied for demonstrating compliance with the dose criteria of 10 CFR Part 20 and recommended DCGL and FSS approach based on advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches. In order to using DCGL and FSS approach, U.S. NRC suggested screening approach; using DandD Version 2 which assesses TEDE under ICRP 28 and site-specific approach; using all models or computational codes which approved by NRC staff. There are several foreign cases that release of cyclotron facilities after decommissioning (i.e. U.S. and Japan). U.S., for examples, there are two DCGL approach cases and one dose modeling case based on 25 mrem per year same as reactor facilities. The dose modeling case, however, which may not be really used in Korea because of its low applicability. On the other hand, Japan case did not establish any radiological criteria for site and building reuse such as DCGL and just confirm “no more contamination” which is all residual radioactivity is lower than MDC based on real survey. Japan case also may not be used in Korea since criteria of “no more contamination” is not clear and hard to apply for all sites. Considering regulations and criteria for site release and reuse in Korea, this study aims to suggest radiological criteria and the demonstration approach of compliance for decommissioning of cyclotron facilities based on Nuclear Safety Acts and NSSC notices.

For the disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear facilities, assessing their radioactivity inventories is essential. As a result, countries with nuclear facilities are implementing assessment schemes tailored to their respective policies and available resources for radioactive waste management. This paper specifically describes the assessment scheme for radioactivity inventory applied to metal waste generated during the dismantling of the Japan Power Demonstration Reactor (JPDR), a 1.25 MW BWR. The distinctive aspect of the Japanese approach lies in the fact that, for a pair of a key nuclide and a difficult-to-measure (DTM) nuclide that lack a significant correlation in their concentrations, the mean activity concentration method was used. In this method, an arithmetic average of all measurements of the DTM nuclide from representative drums, including MDAs (Minimum Detectable Activities), was assigned to the concentration of the DTM nuclide for all drums, regardless of the concentration of its paired key nuclide. Conversely, for a specific pair of a key nuclide and a DTM nuclide with a significant correlation, the scaling factor method was applied, as is common in many other countries. This Japanese case can serve as a valuable reference for Korea, which does not have the option of using the mean activity concentration method in its assessment scheme.

The decommissioning of Korea Research Reactor Units 1 and 2 (KRR 1&2), the first research reactors in South Korea, began in 1997 and the decommissioning status is currently proceeding with phase 3. It is expected that more than 5,000 tons of dismantled wastes will be generated as the contaminated building is demolished. Since these dismantled wastes must be disposed of in an efficient method considering economic feasibility, it is desirable to clearance extremely low-level wastes whose contamination is so minimal that the radiological risk is negligible. In Korea, in order to approve the clearance of radioactive waste, it must be proven that the nuclide concentration standards are met or that the dose to individuals and collectives is below the allowable dose value. At the KRR 1&2 decommissioning site, dismantled wastes have been steadily being disposed of through clearance procedure since 2021. Clearance was approved by the Korean Institute of Nuclear Safety (KINS) for one case of concrete waste in 2021 and two cases of metal waste in 2022. In 2023, the clearance of metal waste and asbestos waste has been approved so far, and in particular, this is the first case in Korea for asbestos waste. In this study, we compared the dose assessment methods and results of clearance wastes at the KRR 1&2 decommissioning site from 2021 to present. Dose assessment was conducted by applying the landfill scenario for concrete and asbestos and the recycling scenario for metal waste. The calculation codes used were RESRAD-onsite 7.2 and RESRAD-recycle 3.10. The dose conversion factors (DCF) for each age group (infant, 1y, 5y, 10y, 15y, adult) of the target nuclide used the values presented in ICRP-72, and in particular, geo-hydrological data of the actual landfill site was used as an input factor when evaluating landfill scenarios. As a result of the dose assessment, when landfilling concrete wastes in 2020, the personal dose and collective dose were evaluated the most at 2.80E+00 μSv/y and 4.83E-02 man·Sv/y, respectively.

Advanced countries in the field of nuclear research and technology are currently examining the feasibility of deep geological disposal as the most appropriate method for the permanent management of high-level radioactive waste, with no intention of future retrieval. Deep geological disposal involves the placement of such waste deep underground within a stable geological formation, ensuring its permanent isolation from the human environment. To guarantee the enduring isolation and retardation of radionuclides with half-lives spanning tens of thousands to millions of years from the broader ecosystem, it is imperative to comprehend the long-term evolution of deep disposal systems, especially the role of natural barriers. These natural barriers, typically consisting of bedrock, encase the repository and undergo long-term evolutions due to tectonic movements and climate variations. For the effective disposal of high-level radioactive waste, a thorough assessment of the site’s long-term geological stability is essential. This necessitates a comprehensive understanding of its tectonic evolution and development characteristics, including susceptibility to seismic and magmatic events like earthquakes and intrusions. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of alterations in the hydrogeological and geochemical environment resulting from tectonic movements over extended time frames is required to assess the potential for the migration of radionuclides. In this paper, we have examined international evaluation methodologies employed to elucidate the predictive long-term evolution of natural barriers within disposal systems. We have extracted relevant methods from international case studies and applied a preliminary scenario illustrating the long-term evolution of the geological environment at the KURT (KAERI Underground Research Tunnel) site. Nevertheless, unlike international instances, the scarcity of quantitative data limits the depth of our interpretation. To present a dependable scenario in the future, it is imperative to develop predictive technologies aimed at comprehensively studying the geological evolution processes in the Korean peninsula, particularly within the context of radioactive waste disposal.

Deep borehole drilling is essential not only to select the host rock type for deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW), but also to identify the characteristics of the disposal site during the site selection process. In particular, since the disposal depth of HLW is considered to be over 300 m, deep borehole drilling must be performed. In deep borehole drilling, drilling design, excavation, and operation may vary depending on the rock type, drilling depth, and drilling purpose etc. This study introduced cases in which Korea was divided into four geotectonic structures and four representative rock types and conducted with a goal of 750 m drilling depth. Prior to this, a review of deep drilling cases conducted at domestic and abroad was presented. If sufficient time and cost are available, several drilling holes can be excavated for various purposes, but if not, one or two drilling holes should be used to achieve the objectives of various fields related to HLW disposal. The presence of bedding, strata or fault zones depending on the type of rock, etc. may affect drilling deviation or circulating water management. In addition, unlike drilling in general geotechnical investigation drilling, the use of polymers or grouting agents is limited to determine hydraulic and geochemical characteristics. This report introduces the experience considered during the design and drilling process of deep drilling in granite, gneiss, sedimentary rock, volcanic rock, etc., and is expected to be used as basic data when carrying out future HLW projects.

To ensure the long-term supply and sustainability of uranium fuel, exploring alternative resources is essential, particularly considering that terrestrial reserves of uranium are limited (about 4.6 million tons). Since the amount of uranium dissolved in seawater is approximately 1000 times that of terrestrial reserves (i.e., about 4.5 billion tons), uranium extraction from seawater (UES) can be an alternative resource. However, the ultra-low concentration of uranium in seawater (about 3.3 ppb) poses a significant challenge in achieving economic feasibility for UES. This paper introduces case studies on the cost analysis of systems for recovering uranium from seawater, specifically focusing on braided fiber-based adsorbents developed by JAEA and ORNL. The cost analysis has been conducted based on using the deployment of these adsorbents on the bottom of the sea, which is a passive deployment method, thereby reducing the total costs of recovery. The analysis results can be used to identify R&D areas necessary for reducing cost components, making UES economically feasible.