하동지역에서 생산되는 잎 녹차(우전, 세작, 중작, 대작)에 함유되어 있는 catechin류, alkaloid류 및 theanine를 HPLC를 이용하여 분석을 함과 동시에 녹차 추출물을 이용하여 총 페놀 물질과 항산화능을 측정하였다. Catechin류와 alkaloid류, theanine, 총 페놀 화합물의 함량은 물 추출물 보다 80% 알코올 추출물에서 더 높았다. 총 catechin과 alkaloid의 함량은 80% 에탄올로 추출한 우전 (172.33 mg/g, 30.80 mg/g)에서 가장 높았다. Theanine의 함량도 80% 에탄올 추출물에서 높았고 55.36에서 37.48 mg/g의 범위였다. 녹차의 총페놀 화합물은 우전에서 가장 높았고, DPPH법, FTC법 및 TBA법을 이용한 항산화 활성 측정에서도 우전에서 높은 결과를 나타내었다.

The influence of the culture media on the growth and catechins and caffeine production was investigated in adventitious root cultures of tea tree. The growth rate of adventitious roots was higher than that of solid medium. Growth rate of adventitious roots was noted to be optimal in N6 liquid medium. Yields of (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) and caffeine were the highest when adventitious root cultures were maintained in Nitsch and B5 liquid medium, respectively. The production of (-)-epicatechin (EC) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from adventitious roots was maximal when cultured in 1/2MS liquid medium. The adventitious root extracts of tea tree produced on catechins as EC (20.77 mg/g) and EGCG (1.84 mg/g) in 1/2MS medium; EGC (24.39 mg/g) and caffeine (12.97 mg/g) in B5 medium and (-)-epigallocatechin (ECG) (2.16 mg/g) in Nitsch liquid medium.

In this study, we examined the composition of catechins, theaflavins and alkaloids in leaves during processing to fermented black tea, which is produced by withering, roll breaking, and fermentation of Korean Yabukida tea plant. In addition, we determined the optimal conditions for the production of fermented black tea. The average moisture content in fresh leaves was 70.85%, which dropped to 3.07% in fermented black tea at the last stage of production. When the leaves were analyzed by HPLC, seven types of catechins, four types of theaflavins and three types of alkaloids were identified. The levels of catechins, theaflavins, and alkaloids were then evaluated after being processed into fermented tea. From these experiments, we found that the level of theaflavins, which determines the property of the tea, increased during fermentation. This effect resulted from the change in EGCG, ECG, EGC, EC during the process of fermentation. We also found that the maximal amount of theaflavins was created after 1-2 hours of fermentation. Thus, our results imply that the best condition for producing fermented black tea would be to ferment for 1-2 hours.

시중에 유통되고 있는 녹차중의 catechin류에 대하여 열수추출 및 HPLC 분석을 통하여 함량을 조사하고 이를 효율적으로 이용하기 위하여 pH조건이 녹차 catechin류의 안정성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석하였다. 시판 중인 전남 보성산 녹차의 catechin류 함량은 (+)-catechin > (-)-EGCg > (-)-EGC > (-)-EC > (-)-ECg 순으로 추출되었고 Total catechin류의 함량은 103.72 ㎎/g이었다. 녹차에서 분리·정제되어진 catechin류인 (+)-catechin, (-)-EC, (-)-ECg, (-)-EGCg를 pH 3∼11에 대한 안정성을 흡광도측정장치를 이용하여 측정하였다. 그 결과 catechin류의 pH에 대한 영향을 최대흡수파장 및 흡광도 변화로 보면 pH가 높을수록 (+)-catechin과 (-)-EC은 흡광도가 증가되었고, (-)-ECg와 (-)-EGCg는 최대흡수파장이 증가되었다. 또한 7일간 실온에서 저장하면서 기간에 따른 변화를 살펴본 결과에서 산성조건에서는 큰 변화가 없지만 알칼리조건에서는 흡광도가 증가되었다. (+)-catechin과 (-)-EC은 알칼리조건에서 흡수파장 400∼430 ㎚에서 저장기간이 길수록 흡광도가 증가되었다. 이는 녹차의 갈변과 관계가 있을 것으로 생각되었다. 이상의 결과로, 녹차 Catechin 유도체의 pH 및 저장기간에 대한 영향은 ECg, EGCg에 gallic acid의 결합에 의한 것으로 생각되고, C, EC의 불안정은 중합반응으로 생각된다. 녹차 catechin 류는 대부분 산성에서 저장기간이 길고 안정한 것으로 나타났으나 생리활성이 강한 (-)-EGCg는 산성에서도 불안정한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 녹차의 기능성 성분을 효율적으로 이용하기 위해서는 pH를 낮게 유지하여야 할 것으로 사료되어진다.

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of green tea catechins (GTC) on the lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD). GTC showed the high SOD activity, while significantly inhibited the peroxide value of linoleic acid (93%) and lipid petoacidation (84%) from rat liver microsomal fraction induced by Fe^(2+)/ascorbate system. The effects of GTC on the SOD and catalase activities, and lipid peroxidation after oral administration were investigated. GTC (50 mg/kg) significantly increased SOD (62%) and catalase activities (75%), while significantly inhibited the lipid peroxidation (52%) of rat liver microsome in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that GTC has the antioxidative effect which is related to the prevention of aging and cancer.

This study was carried out to measure the contents of moisture, crude ash, crude fat, total amino acid, with amino acid composition, vitamin C, β-carotene, vitamin E, total catechins, EGCG, EGC, ECG, EC, GA, caffeine, theobromine and theophylline of the green tea I, II, III, oolong, and black tea. The content of crude fat of green tea I, II, III, oolong, and black teas was 1.1, 2.5, 4.9, 0.8 and 1.2% respectively, total amino acid content was 0.87, 0.78, 0.60, 0.63 and 1.05% respectively, and theanine content was 0.52, 0.48, 0.31, 0.41 and 0.61%, respectively. Total amino acid content of green tea increased in the order of green tea I $gt; green tea II $gt; green tea III, and among the teas, the content of theanine was the highest in the amino acids present. The content of vitamin C of green teal, II, III, oolong, and black tea was 101.6, 87.5, 95.9, 99.1 and 108.0 mg%, respectively, β-carotene content was 270, 268, 481, 80 and 181 ppm, respectively. Among the α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol, the content of α-tocopherol was the highest in vitamin E present, and β- and δ-tocopherol were not detected in the samples of green teal, II, III, oolong, and black teas. The total catechins of green teal, II, III, oolong, and black teas was 10.5, 10.4, 7.2, 8.4 and 1.8% respectively, and among them, EGCG content was the highest. The content of EGC increased in the order of green tea I $gt; green tea III $gt; green tea II $gt; oolong tea $gt; black tea. The contents EGCG and ECG increased in the order of oolong tea $gt; green tea I $gt; green tea II $gt; green tea III $gt; black tea, and the highest contents of EGCG and ECG were observed in the samples of oolong tea. The content of GA was 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.13 and 0.31%, respectively, and the highest contents of GA, caffeine and theobromine were observed in the sample of black tea. The highest content of theophylline, however, was observed in the sample of green tea I.

The extraction yield of MeOH extract of green teas, oolong tea and black tea were 3 to 5, 4 to 5, and 5 to 7 fold higher than those of EtOH and EtAC extract, respectively. The amount of total catechins of EtAC extract of the black tea, and of the green teas and oolong tea were three- and two-fold higher than that of EtOH or MeOH extract of the corresponding teas, respectively. The antioxidative activities of EtOH, MeOH and EtAc extract were considerably higher than that of BHT and dl-α-tocopherol at 200 ppm level. The antioxidative activities of EtOH and MeOH extract at 200 and 500 ppm level, and of EtAc extract at 200 ppm level varied depending on the type of tea as follows : green tea I $gt; green tea II $gt; green tea III $gt; oolong tea $gt; black tea. The antioxidative activity increased as the content of EGC increased. But the antioxidative activity of MeOH extract at 1000 ppm level, and of EtAc extract at 500 and 1000 ppm level were not affected by the content of EGC and EGCG.

The objective of this study is to investigate the direct effects of green tea catechins(GTC) on vascular smooth muscle tension and ^(46)Ca^(2+) uptake in rat aorta. The methods used in this study are isometric tension measurements using physiograph, Lanthanum method for ^(46)Cac^(2+) (2 uCi/ml) uptake measurement in rat aorta. GTC modified tension induced by 40 mM KCl or 1 uM norepinephrine in rat aorta. Low concentrations of GTC($lt;0.5 mg/m increased tension by 40 mM KCl or 1 tM norepinephrine, individually. However, high concentrations of GTC($gt; 0.5 mg/ml) inhibited tension by 40 mM KCl or 1 uM norepinephrine, individually. GTC increased ^(45)Ca uptake induced by 40 mM KCl in a dose-dependent manner. From these results, GTC has the dual actions in vascular smooth muscle in vitro. Low concentrations of GTC augments tension by K or norepinephrine. However, high concentrations of GTC inhibits tension by K or norpeinephrine. GTC may have Ca^(2+) channel activation action, which may result in unphysiological vasodilation by Ca^(2+) overload in vascular smooth muscle.

Green tea catechins(GTC) were studied for its inhibitory effect on human platelet aggregation in vitro, for its antithrombotic effect in mice in vivo, and for bleeding and clotting time in rats. The catechins were isolated and purified from green tea, which were composed of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-epicatechin gallate and (-)-epicatechin. GTC produced a potent inhibition of human platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner against the stimulants such as ADP, collagen, epinephrine and ristocetin in vitro. GTC also prevented death due to the formation of pulmonary thrombosis by platelet aggregates in mice in a dose-dependent manner in vivo. GTC increased the bleeding time, whole blood clotting time and plasma clotting time in rats, too. These results suggest that GTC is a promising antithrombotic agent.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of tea catechin on fasting blood glucose in experimental diabetes model. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats was induced by high fat diet/low-dose streptozotocin. The experimental group was divided into 3 different groups, non-diabetes control (NC) group, diabetes mellitus (DM) group, and diabetes mellitus+P60 (DM+P60) group. Polyphenon 60(P60) administered with dissolved in 0.2% dringking water. At 16 weeks after P60 treatment, fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin and serum triglyceride levels were measured. The glucose metabolism-related genes were studied in rat liver by RNA-seq analysis. Fasting blood glucose levels increase by four times in the DM group compared to the NC group. In the DM+P60 group, it was decreased by 24% compared to the DM group. The HOMA-IR index was increased in the DM group and it decreased in the DM+P60 group compared to the DM group. The serum triglyceride level increased by 148% in the NC group, and decreased by 22% in the DM+P60 group compared to the DM group. Glucokinase mRNA expression was decreased in the liver of DM group compared to NC group, whereas the phosphofructokinase 1, glucose-6-phosphotase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression did not show significant differences in DM group liver. In DM+P60 group, liver glucokinase expression was increased significantly (P: 5.00E-05) compared with DM group. This study shows that P60 beneficially modifies glucose metabolism and markedly enhances glucose tolerance in experimental diabetic rats. Dietary supplementation with P60 could potentially contribute to nutritional strategies for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

녹차, 부분발효차, 발효차 및 후발효차 등 다양한 차 제품 분말을 NIRSystem를 이용하여 전 대역(400-2500 nm)에서 스펙트럼을 얻어 중회귀분석에 의해 색상 관련 특성 및 카테킨류 성분에 대한 검량식을 유도하였다. Hunter color scale에서 발효정도의 변이를 a/b로 98.7% 설명될 수 있어 a/b값으로 차제품의 발효정도를 추정할 수 있다. MPLS를 이용하여 작성된 검량식의 결과 L값의 검량식 작성시 결정계수는 0.997, a값의 결정계수는 1.00, b값의 결정계수는 0.996, a/b값의 결정계수는 0.999로 매우 높았다. MPLS를 이용하여 작성된 검량식의 결과 EGC, EC, EGCg, ECg 및 총 카테킨의 결정계수는 각각 0.919, 0.896, 0.978, 0.905 및 0.983으로 매우 높았다. 차 제품 분말의 색상관련 특성들(L, a, b, a/b) 및 카테친류 (EGCg, EGC, EC, ECg 및 총 카테킨) 의 검량식 정확도가 매우 높아서 NIRS의 가시광선 대역(400~700 nm)및 근적외선 대역(780~2500 nm)에서 동시에 두 특성의 성분을 1~2분 내로 측정이 가능하다.

Recent interest in green tea polyphenols has increased owing to their antioxidant activities and their possible role in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Typically, 93% compounds of total polyphenols in green tea leaves, many of which are called catechins, are flavonoids. The major tea catechins are a mixture of epicatechin isomers, including (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), and (-)-epicatechin (EC). Separation of green tea catechins is generally carried out by HPLC-UVD. UV detector is a suitable detector for quantification this class of molecules and allows high sensitivity level for polyunsaturated species. However, UV detection does not discriminate different compounds having similar chromophore groups. More detailed structural information can be collected when a mass spectrometer is coupled with a UV-DAD. MSD is a powerful tool for qualitative analysis to identify and confirm molecular structures of unknown compounds, and it is particularly useful for quantitative analysis, owing to its high sensitivity and selectivity. This study describes the application of HPLC-DAD/MS methods for the rapid and routine analysis of 9 catechins in green tea leaves. Green tea extracts were injected directly onto a reversed phase HPLC column. Compounds, identified on the basis of their absorbance and MS spectrum, included gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin, and their various gallate derivatives. HPLC/MS detection was found to be more sensitive than UV-DAD, and MSD showed good precisions for quantification of catechins.

고 기능성 유용 차나무 품종육성 및 녹차의 이용성 증진 연구의 기초 자료를 제공하기 위해 녹차 함유 catechin 화합물 및 caffeine 성분을 동시에 분석할 수 있고, 재현성 및 검출 감도가 증진된 최적의 HPLC 분석 조건을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 녹차에 함유된 catechin 화합물 및 caffeine의 동시분석을 위한 최적 HPLC 분석 조건을 검토한 결과 컬럼은 YMC-pak ODS-AM 303(25 cm)컬럼을 이용하고, 검출파장은 280 nm, 컬럼온도를 30℃ , 분당유속은 1 mL, 이동상 용매로는 A용매로 0.1% 인산 - 증류수, B용매로 100% MeOH를 사용하여 농도구배 조건으로 분석하는 것이 가장 효율적 분석법으로 조사되었다. 2. 녹차에 함유된 catechin 화합물 및 caffeine을 동시에 분석할 수 있는 최적 HPLC분석조건의 재현성 검정을 실시한 결과 머무름 시간(Rt.)의 변이계수는 최대 1.23% 미만, peak area의 변이계수는 최대 5.13% 미만을 나타내어 확립된 녹차 함유 catechin 9종 화합물 및 caffeine의 HPLC 정량분석법은 재현성이 높은 분석법으로 확인되었고, 각 cafechin 화합물 및 caffeine 성분의 최소 검출한계는 최소 50ppb(0.050 ppm, 50 ng/mL)이하로 조사되어, 확립된 HPLC 분석법은 녹차의 작물학적 특성 평가용으로 활용하기에 전혀 무리가 없는 분석법으로 판단되었다.

국산녹차에 있어서 보건적 효능과 관련된 특수성분의 유엽시기 및 제다법에 따른 변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 수용성 펙틴은 후기유엽기에 점차적으로 증가를 보였으며 평균함량은 봉산리 녹차가 2.05% 부춘리 녹차가 1.84%이었다. 생엽에 대한 제다엽의 변화는 증다법 22.8%, 부초법 17.9% 증가하였다. 총엽록소는 후기유엽기로 갈수록 증가하여 1번 유엽기에서 5번 유엽기까지 봉산리는 233mg%에서 334mg%로, 부춘리는 198mg%에서 4번유엽기 까지 331mg%로 증가하였으나 5번 유엽기에 다소 감소를 보였다. 평균함량은 봉산리 평균 293mg%, 부춘리 평균 275mg%이었으며, 엽록소 a : 엽록소 b는 봉산리 평균 70.0:30.0, 부춘리 평균 67.3:32.7이었고 제다법에 따라 엽록소 a와 엽록소 b의 감소 정도에 차이가 있었다. 총 아미노산 함량은 봉산리 2,156mg%, 부춘리 평균 1,723mg%로 갈수록 큰 폭으로 감소를 보였다. 카페인은 후기유엽기에서 다소 적은 함량을 보였으나 부춘리는 3번 유엽기에 2.86%까지 증가를 보이다 감소하였다. 평균 카페인함량은 봉산리가 2.033%, 부춘리가 2.620%이었다. 카테친류는 후기유엽기로 갈수록 증가를 보였으나 봉산리의 경우 4번 유엽기 이후 급격히 감소하였다. 평균 카테친함량은 봉산리가 11.52%, 부춘리가 14.05%이었으며 유리형의 카테친은 봉산리 평균 35.59%, 부춘리 평균 42.73%, easter형 카테친은 봉산리 평균 58.09%, 부춘리 평균 44.47%이었다. 카테친류 및 카페인의 식용시 용출량은 침출온도가 65℃ 에서 85℃ 로 높을수록, 침출시간이 3분에서 9분으로 길수록 증가하였으며, 85℃ , 9분 침출시 카테친류는 89.3%, 카페인은 97.3%가 용출되었다.상대적인 비율에 의해 크게 영향을 미쳤다. 엽록소와 가용성 단백질은 혼합처리구에서 전질소는 NH4 ＋-N 처리구에서 높았고, 특히 NH4 ＋-N 질소를 시비하였을 때는 질소함량이 증가하였다. 질산함량이 증가하였다. 질산함량은 NO3 -N 처리구에서 암모니아함량은 NH4 ＋-N 처리구에서 높았고, 산소 활성은 혼합처리구에서 nitrate reductase와 glutamine synthetase 활성이 높았다. therefore they are the same as Tang's. In the same way, Parhae's costumes are the same as Tang's, too. The point is, it is expected that the costumes of Parhae which were exchanged with ancient Japan are similar to those of Nara by the medium of Tang's costumes. the product category could be set up the population clearly.의 무게와 부피는 24주간 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 통계적인 유의차는 없었다. 냉동저장 감자의 무게와 부피 변화는 48주간 전혀 없었다. 상온 냉장저장 감자의 조직의 강도(hardness)는 24주간 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 냉동저장 감자는 48주간 hardness의 변화가 전혀 없었다. Frozen mashed 감자는 저장기간이 지날수록 응집력(cohesiveness)이 조금씩 떨어졌으나 다른 시료들은 전혀 변화가 없었다. 모든 시료의 저장기간 동안 색깔 변화는 없었다. 결론적으로 감자의 미생물학적,