북한의 군사전략에 대해 기존대로 한반도 전 지역을 석권한다는 군사전 략이 지속되고 있다는 주장과 변화하고 있다는 주장이 아직도 맞서 고 있는 상황이다. 연구 목적은 최근 안보환경의 변화와 김일성－김정일 －김정은으로 이어지는 집권자의 변화 기간 동안 북한 군사전략의 변화 를 분석하고, 핵무력 완성 이후 경제건설에 집중하겠다는 북한의 군사전 략의 변화를 제한전 하 군사전략으로 전망해 보고자 하였다. 연구 방 법은 문헌조사를 통한 질적연구를 주로 실시하였고, 김일성 집권 이후부 터 현재까지의 시기를 망라하여 군사전략의 구성요소를 중심으로 분석하 였다. 연구 결과 김정은은 체제안정을 최우선으로 기존의 전면전 보다는 핵무기 사용을 위협하며 제한전을 추구하는 군사전략을 채택할 것으로 분석되었고, 이를 군사전략의 구성요소를 중심으로 전망해 보았다. 이에 대비하여 한국군은 기존의 전면전 중심에서 북한의 제한전 하 군사전략 에 대응하는 군사전략을 병행하여 발전시킴이 요구되고 있다.

남북관계는 여전히 교착되어 있다. 본 연구는 기후변화 시대를 맞아 남북 기후변화 공동대응을 위한 정책적 시사점을 전달하는 것에 목적을 둔다. 본 연구는 텍스트마이닝을 통해 북한의 기후변화 관련 보도를 분 석하였다. 분석 결과, 북한의 기후변화 대응은 국제협력과 지속적으로 연 계되고 있다는 점을 파악했고, 북한의 국제사회 발표자료를 중심으로 질 적연구를 진행하여 그 논의를 검증하는 절차를 거쳤다. 북한은 국제협력 을 통해 기후변화에 대응하고자 하며, 산림보호를 통한 기후변화 대응을 강조하고 있다. 따라서 남북 기후변화 공동대응을 위해서는 우선적으로 남북산림협력을 통한 노력이 요구된다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 김정은 시기 북한의 산림 논의와 북한 산림 보도의 특징을 분석하기 위해 텍스 트마이닝을 다시 수행하며 남북교류협력 추진을 위한 시사점을 도출하였 다. 이를 통해, 본 연구는 국제사회의 대북제재로 인해 남북협력의 한계 가 있는 현 상황에서, 실현가능한 협력사업으로 인도주의적 사업과 역량 강화, 능력배양 사업을 제언하였다.

본 논문은 Schumpeter의 기술변화 3단계 개념에 기초해서 기술진보가 실질 경제성장에 기여하는 정도를 측정하는 새로운 방법을 제시한다. 통계청 광업제조업조사 마이크로데이터를 이용해서 2003-2018년 기간 동안 기술진보의 실질 성장기여 정도를 총요소 생산성 성장률(성장회계방법), R&D투자 기여율, 슘페테리안 혁신성장률로 각각 측정하고 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성장회계의 총요소생산성 성장률과 슘페테리안 혁신 성장률에 의한 기술진보의 실질 성장기여에 대한 측정에서 상반된 결과를 나타낸다. 둘째, 생산성장률이 감소추세에 있으면 증가추세에 있을 때와 비교해서 생산성장률과 총요소생산 성성장률 차이가 커지고, 반대로 증가추세에 있으면 감소추세에 있을 때와 비교에서 생산성 장률과 총요소생산성성장률의 차이가 작아진다. 셋째, 혁신성장률에 영향을 미치는 기술기회, 즉, 어느 한 분야의 연구개발과 그 인접분야까지의 연구개발 유인이 혁신성장에 미치는 기여도는 3.3%에 불과하다. 이 결과가 기존의 기술진보의 성장기여에 대한 인식과 다른 이유는 기술 진보라는 동일한 용어를 측정하면서 서로 다른 실체를 측정하고 있는 것에 기인한다. 따라서 총요소생산성 성장률은 거시적 경제효율성, R&D투자는 신기술공급의 효과성, 슘페테리안 혁신성장률은 기술진보의 경제적 영향을 측정하는 데 사용해야 한다. 본 논문 연구 결과의 정책적 함의는 다음과 같다: ① 기술공급일변도의 정책에서 기술공급과 신기술수요지원의 융합정책으로 전환, ② 임무지향형 R&D 정책과 국가 R&D와 민간 R&D가 연계되는 R&D 정책, ③ 신지식체화 정도를 반영한 자본재의 재분류.

This research measured the change in mechanical characteristics of a sample obtained by finishing a metal coating to an engineering plastic manufactured using a 3D printer to satisfy both lightweight and quality characteristics. High-Temp material, which can be applied to space thermal environments with large temperature fluctuations, was applied as the engineering plastic material, and Stereolithography(SLA) method, which has relatively higher precision than Fused Film Fabrication(FFF) method, was selected as the manufacturing method. Electroless & electroplating were performed by metal coating on the surface to satisfy the characteristics of products requiring electrical conductivity. Tensile and bending tests were conducted to verify a change in the mechanical characteristics of a sample completed with a metal coating, and an adhesion test of the metal coating was also added.

Recently, Regulations on ships exhaust gas are being strengthened. Nations around the world are trying to various efforts in many aspects to decrease ship emission gas. As part of these efforts, the shipping industry is working towards establishing green system that reduce the emission gas emitted in port. In this study we measured exhaust emission gases such as by fuel change using A-Ra Training Ship in Port. When sailing, we found that was 3.6% to 6.6% higher when using LRFO compared to using MGO, and during departure and arrival, the load changes were significant. As a result, was on average 29.8% higher and was 42% higher during departure, while was on average 19.5% higher and was 17.4% higher during arrival, with almost no difference in the other components.

This study was conducted to explore the change in the market issues on HMR (Home Meal Replacements) using local foods after the COVID-19 outbreak. Online text data were collected from internet news, social media posts, and web documents before (from January 2016 to December 2019) and after (from January 2020 to November 2022) the COVID- 19 outbreak. TF-IDF analysis showed that ‘Trend’, ‘Market’, ‘Consumption’, and ‘Food service industry’ were the major keywords before the COVID-19 outbreak, whereas ‘Wanju-gun’, ‘Distribution’, ‘Development’, and ‘Meal-kit’ were main keywords after the COVID-19 outbreak. The results of topic modeling analysis and categorization showed that after the COVID-19 outbreak, the ‘Market’ category included ‘Non-face-to-face market’ instead of ‘Event,’ and ‘Delivery’ instead of ‘Distribution’. In the ‘Product’ category, ‘Marketing’ was included instead of ‘Trend’. Additionally, in the ‘Support’ category, ‘Start-up’ and ‘School food service’ appeared as new topics after the COVID-19 outbreak. In conclusion, this study showed that meaningful change had occurred in market issues on HMR using local foods after the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, governments should take advantage of such market opportunity by implementing policy and programs to promote the development and marketing of HMR using local foods.

Understanding the light environment in greenhouse cultivation and the light utilization characteristics of crops is important in the study of photosynthesis and transpiration. Also, as the plant grows, the form of light utilization changes. Therefore, this study aims to develop a light extinction coefficient model reflecting the plant growth. To measure the extinction coefficient, five pyranometers were installed vertically according to the height of the plant, and the light intensity by height was collected every second during the entire growing season. According to each growth stage in the early, middle, and late stages, the difference between the top and bottom light intensity tended to increase to 69%, 72%, and 81%. When leaf area index and plant height increased, the extinction coefficient decreased, and it showed an exponential decay relationship. Three-dimensional model reflecting the two growth indexes, the paraboloid had the lowest RMSE of 1.340 and the highest regression constant of 0.968. Through this study, it was possible to predict the more precise light extinction coefficient during the growing period of plants. Furthermore, it is judged that this can be utilized for predicting and analyzing photosynthesis and transpiration according to the plant height.

Livestock production costs are heavily influenced by the cost of feed, The use of domestically grown forages is more desirable for livestock feed production. As part of this study, triticale, which is an extremely palatable and easily cultivable crop in Korea, was used to produce low moisture silage bales with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and then stored for different periods. We examined the nutrient content of silage, such as crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), as well as their organic acids, including lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, at different storage periods. The nutrient content of silages, such as crude protein, ADF, and NDF, did not change significantly throughout storage periods. Organic acid data indicated that lactic acid concentrations increased with increasing moisture contents and storage periods up to nine months. However, further extending storage to 12 months resulted in a reduction in the lactic acid content of all silages as well as an increase in their pH. Based on the present results, it suggested that the production of low moisture silage with the LAB may be able to preserve and maintain its quality without altering its nutritional composition. Also, the lactate content of the silage remained significant for at least nine months.

In this paper, the mechanical properties according to the rCF weight percent(10, 20, 30, 40, 50wt%) of the rCFRP specimen were evaluated and analyzed. First, to prepare rCFRP specimens, pellets were prepared according to the type of weight percent, and rCFRP tensile specimens according to ASTM D638 were prepared using an injection molding machine. Tensile tests were performed on each of 10 specimens according to weight percent conditions, and tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were calculated. For a detailed analysis of the correlation between the internal structure of the specimen and the mechanical properties, the weight percent to the constituent materials of the rCFRP specimen was calculated using mCT and used for the analysis of mechanical properties. For a more detailed analysis, a detailed analysis of the mechanical properties of rCFRP was performed through the fracture surface analysis of the specimen using FE-SEM.

Most domestic pilots are trained at local airfields using propeller aircraft. Training aircraft are mainly trained in the airspace around the aerodrome, and mainly take-off and landing exercises that require a lot of practice among flight control skills. Aircraft noise is a sound that humans do not want. In this study, based on the Rotax 914 engine used in Korea, the propeller blade angle was changed by 1 degree for the 3-leaf “K company” propeller and the 3-leaf GSC wooden propeller, and the engine RPM was changed to examine the noise and thrust changes. The purpose of this study is to check whether noise and thrust loss are the least at the engine's maximum RPM, and to propose an aircraft operation plan in the noisy aerodrome area based on the values.

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) has a low thermal conductivity, high thermal expansion coefficient, and excellent mechanical properties; thus, it is used as a thermal barrier coating material for gas turbines. However, during long-time exposure of YSZ to temperatures of 1200oC or higher, a phase transformation accompanied by a volume change occurs, causing the YSZ coating layer to peel off. To solve this problem, YSZ has been doped with trivalent and tetravalent oxides to obtain coating materials with low thermal conductivity and suppressed phase transformation of zirconia. In this study, YSZ is doped with trivalent oxides, Nd2O3, Yb2O3, Al2O3, and tetravalent oxide, TiO2, and the thermal conductivity of the obtained materials is analyzed according to the composition; furthermore, the relative density change, microstructure change, and m-phase formation behavior are analyzed during long-time heat treatment at high temperatures.

본 연구는 Bacillus subtilis를 활용한 바이오플락 양식 기술(Biofloc technology, BFT)을 이용하여 대농갱이(Leiocassis ussuriensis) 양식의 가능성을 확인하기 위해 90일 동안 생존, 성장지수와 사육수 수질의 변화를 관찰하였다. 대농갱이를 입식하기 전 BFT 수 제조를 위해 실험수조에 사료와 당밀을 첨가한 후 B. subtilis를 접종하여 40일간 수질을 안정화시켰다. 실험결과, 대농 갱이의 생존율은 대조구 92.7±3.2%와 BFT 실험구 95.8±3.3%로 조사되었다. 증체율은 대조구 118.1±9.0%와 BFT 실험구 197.7±15.6%을 보였고, 일간 성장율은 대조구 0.87±0.5%, BFT 실험 구 1.21±0.06%로 나타났다. 사료효율은 대조구가 43.7±2.6%이었고, BFT 실험구는 70.1±4.1%로 측정되어 BFT 실험구의 사료효율이 더 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 실험기간 동안의 수질 변화를 측정한 결과, pH는 대조구와 BFT 실험구 모두 감소되었고, MLSS는 대조구에서 변화를 보이지 않았지만, BFT 실험구에서는 90일째부터 유의한 증가를 보였다. NH4 +-N와 NO2 --N는 대조구 에서 실험 30일째부터 유의한 증가를 보였으나, BFT 실험구에서는 변화를 보이지 않았다. 결론 적으로 B. subtilis를 활용한 BFT 시스템을 대농갱이 양성 과정에 적용한 결과, 수질은 안정화 되는 경향을 보였고, 성장도와 사료효율은 대조구에 비해 높은 것으로 조사되어 긍정적인 효 과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

본 연구는 라텍스 매트리스가 수면의 질과 편안함에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 대상자들은 임상 의의 진찰을 통해 중증의 불면증을 비롯한 수면에 영향을 줄 수 있는 질병이 없는 건강한 성인 11명(남 5명, 여 6명, 나이 37.7세, 키 167.8cm, 체중 67.0kg)으로 구성되었다. 대상자들은 개인 생활공간에서 7일 동안 사용하던 스프링 매트리스에서 수면을 취하였고, 이를 웨어러블 디바이스(Fitbit)와 수면일지, PSQI, ISI, 만족도 설문을 사용하여 기록 하였다. 이어서 대상자들의 매트리스를 라텍스 매트리스로 교체하여 14일 동안 사용하게 하였고, 이를 기록하였다. 그 결과 Fitbit 상에서 라텍스 매트리스를 사용 후 주중 수면 시간이 62.9분, 주말 수면 시간은 53.2분 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, ISI 설문에서는 3.8점이 유의하게 감소하였다. PSQI 설문에서는 poor sleeper가 10명에서 7명으로 줄었으 나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았고, 만족도 설문에서는 허리, 목, 어깨의 편안함이 유의하게 증가하였다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 볼 때, 라텍스 매트리스는 객관적 및 주관적 수면의 질에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것으로 보여진다.

Safety has once again emerged as a social issue due to the enforcement of the Serious Disasters Punishment Act and the occurrence of major disasters recently. As such, the safety culture related to unsafe human behavior is drawing attention as various discussions about the importance of safety and accident prevention are currently being undertaken. This study aims to determine whether changes in the level of safety culture in companies affect the accident rate. To this end, we targeted three workplaces in the same company in the domestic manufacturing industry, and 2,790 people were surveyed using DNV's Safety Will(ISRS-C version 4.0) for safety culture level diagnosis. The change in safety culture level and accident rate were compared and analyzed after carrying out safety culture level improvement activities for 5 years. As a result, the level of safety culture increased by 5.8 points, an overall improvement of 9.5%, while the total number of accidents decreased by 20%, from 5 to 4, indicating a general decreasing trend in accident occurrence. Results confirmed that the change in the level of safety culture affects the accident rate, and the improvement in the level of safety culture affects a reduction in accidents. Therefore, this study suggests that efforts to improve the level of safety culture within a company can be associated with accident reduction and accident prevention outcomes.

본 연구의 목적은 딥러닝의 전이학습 모델을 이용하여 항공사진과 토지이용현황도 간의 비교를 통해 토지이용현황의 변화를 탐지하는 방안을 마련하는 데 있다. 이러한 목적을 위해 딥러닝의 이미지 예측모델과 라스터와 벡터 자료를 비교하는 공간분석 기능을 이용하였다. 학습모델 구축을 통해 토지이용현황도의 상업지, 농지, 임지 및 수계에 대한 예측결과를 이용하여 토지이용의 변화를 탐지하는 방안을 제시하였다. 이러한 분석 방안은 라스터 형태의 최신 정보와 벡터 형태의 기존 자료와의 비교를 통해서 자료의 변화를 확인하는 방안으로 활용이 가능하다.

본 논문에서는 반도체 패권의 변화에 관한 역사적 경로의 분석을 통해 동 산업생태계 변화를 예측하고자 한다. 특히 본고는 일본의 반도체 산 업 역사를 고찰하고, 현재의 일본 반도체 정책 및 전략을 분석하였다. 본 고에서는 반도체 패권의 변화에 대해 통상관계와 기술 생태계 변화 두 측면에서 역사적 흐름을 고찰하고, 일본 반도체 산업의 변화 및 역사적 경험을 미일 반도체 협정 이전과 1990년대 이후로 구분하여 분석하였다. 또한 일본 반도체 산업정책 및 전략을 내부 산업지원 정책과 클러스터 지역 정책 그리고 외부 칩4동맹 및 주변국과의 협력관계 구축 측면에서 분석하였다.

Climate change due to global warming causes a rise in atmospheric air temperature to rise and extreme shift in precipitation patterns. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is widely known as one of the major cause of global warming and accounts for about 72% of total greenhouse gas emissions. Agriculture is more vulnerable to climate change than other industries. Many studies have been conducted to investigate how agroecosystems, both natural and controlled, will respond to the rising level of CO2. Studies on the responses of crops and agricultural environments to climate change are crucial in predicting changes in agro-ecosystems. Research facilities for various types of CO2 treatment have been developed. The representative research facilities are SAR (Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research), OTC (Open Top Chamber), FACE (Free Air CO2 Enrichment System), and TGC & CTGC (Temperature Gradient Chamber & CO2-Temperature Gradient Chamber). Therefore, this study reviewed research data and their application in agriculture.

PURPOSES : To efficiently manage pavements, a systematic pavement management system must be established based on regional characteristics. Suppose that the future conditions of a pavement section can be predicted based on data obtained at present. In this case, a more reasonable road maintenance strategy should be established. Hence, a prediction model of the annual surface distress (SD) change for national highway pavements in Gangwon-do, Korea is developed based on influencing factors. METHODS : To develop the model, pavement performance data and influencing factors were obtained. Exploratory data analysis was performed to analyze the data acquired, and the results show that the data were preprocessed. The variables used for model development were selected via correlation analysis, where variables such as surface distress, international roughness index, daily temperature range, and heat wave days were used. Best subset regression was performed, where the candidate model was selected from all possible subsets based on certain criteria. The final model was selected based on an algorithm developed for rational model selection. The sensitivity of the annual SD change was analyzed based on the variables of the final model. RESULTS : The result of the sensitivity analysis shows that the annual SD change is affected by the variables in the following order: surface distress ˃ heat wave days ˃ daily temperature range ˃ international roughness index. CONCLUSIONS : An annual SD change prediction model is developed by considering the present performance, traffic volume, and climatic conditions. The model can facilitate the establishment of a reasonable road maintenance strategy. The prediction accuracy can be improved by obtaining additional data, such as the construction quality, material properties, and pavement thickness.

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the core concept of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) psychotherapy through the experience of psychotherapists by presenting an in-depth analysis of the formation and change process of their irrational beliefs. Methods: Data were collected through in-depth interviews with four REBT counselors selected through an intentional sampling process, and then analyzed and interpreted through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: After an in-depth analysis of the meaningful statements of the study participants, six themes and fifteen sub-themes were extracted. The six themes were ‘self-hindering thoughts’, ‘environments that amplify irrational beliefs’, ‘war and struggle for the self’, ‘realization of life strategies’, ‘my big self (I) that consists of countless smaller selves (i)’, and ‘life is a continuous self-therapy’. Conclusion: The results showed that REBT psychotherapists form their irrational beliefs through the overall evaluations of justification, exaggeration, and people that arise from important interactions with others, including their parents, and further reinforce these beliefs through internal and external compensation. These irrational beliefs led to evaluative judgment and self-discrepancy and negatively influenced the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects as well as their presence. These irrational beliefs internalized and transformed the rational beliefs that were confirmed through a debate on the separation between problems and people and, distancing, repeated self-talks, expanded from self-acceptance to others, and persisted through self-treatment methods