Recently, about 70 Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are being developed around the world due to various advantages such as modularization, flexibility, and miniaturization. An innovative SMR (i- SMR) is being developed in South Korea as well, and the domestic nuclear utility is planning to apply for the Standard Design Approval in 2026 after completing the basic design and standard design. Accordingly, the regulatory body is conducting research on the regulatory system for reviewing the i- SMR standard designs by referring to the IAEA and the U.S. NRC cases. A SMR is expected to many changes not only in terms of cyber security due to new digital technology, remote monitoring, and automatic operation, but also in terms of physical security according to security systems, security areas, and vital equipment. Accordingly, related technical documents issued by the IAEA require nuclear utilities to consider regulatory requirements of security from the design phase by integrating security regulations into SMR licensing. The U.S. NRC has also identified 17 issues affecting SMR design since 2010 (SECY-10-0034), and among them, ‘Consideration of SMR security requirements’ was included as a major issue. Accordingly, the NuScale applicant conducted security assessment and design in consideration of the Design Base Threat (DBT) in the initial SMR design process through the Gap Analysis Report (2012) and the NuScale’s Security System Technical Report (TR-0416-48929), and the NRC developed the Design Specific Review Standard for NuScale (DSRS) and then reviewed the applicant’s security design process, standard design results, and testing criteria for security system (ITAAC). This paper analyzed the case of security review activities during the NuScale standard design review, and through this, it is intended to be used in the development of domestic regulatory system for the i-SMR security review in the future.

This work provided a review of three techniques—(1) spectrochemical, (2) electrochemical, and (3) spectroelectrochemical– for molten salt medias. A spectroelectrochemical system was designed by utilizing this information. Here, we designed a spectroelectrochemical cell (SEC) and calibrated temperature controllers, and performed initial tests to explore the system’s capability limit. There were several issues and a redesign of the cell was accomplished. The modification of the design allowed us to assemble, align the system with the light sources, and successfully transferred the setup inside a controlled environment. A preliminary run was executed to obtain transmission and absorption background of NaCl-CaCl2 salt at 600°C. It shows that the quartz cuvette has high transmittance effects across all wavelengths and there were lower transmittance effects at the lower wavelength in the molten salt media. Despite a successful initial run, the quartz vessel was mated to the inner cavity of the SEC body. Moreover, there was shearing in the patch cord which resulted in damage to the fiber optic cable, deterioration of the SEC, corrosion in the connection of the cell body, and fiber optic damage. The next generation of the SEC should attach a high temperature fiber optic patch cords without introducing internal mechanical stress to the patch cord body. In addition, MACOR should be used as the cell body materials to prevent corrosion of the surface and avoid the mating issue and a use of an adapter from a manufacturer that combines the free beam to a fiber optic cable should be incorporated in the future design.

Background: Kinesiology taping (KT)’s therapeutic effect on dysphagia is insufficient, and method of KT application is not yet clear. Objectives: To review the considerations for the clinical application of KT for dysphagia rehabilitation. Design: A systematic review. Methods: The present study involved a systematic search of electronic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science) to identify relevant studies published on the use of KT for dysphagia rehabilitation between 2010 and 2020. Results: Four articles (on child dysphagia, adult dysphagia, and healthy adult) were selected. It was found that when KT was applied with 15% tension to the orbicularis oris, mylohyoid, sternohyoid, and masseter muscles in children with dysphagia, lip closure and sucking function were improved. In addition, when KT with 80% tension was applied below the hyolaryngeal complex in healthy adults, significant activation of the suprahyoid muscle was reported. Application of KT with 50% tension to the digastric posterior bellies and the mylohyoid, geniohyoid, sternocleidomastoid, and upper trapezius muscles in adults with dysphagia showed an immediate improvement in vertical excursion and epiglottis rotation of the hyoid bone. Finally, application of KT with 70% tension to the hyolaryngeal complex in adults with dysphagia showed increased thickness of the suprahyoid and the tongue muscles. Conclusion: The present review indicates that KT has significant potential as a therapeutic exercise method for patients with dysphagia in the future. However, the application of KT in such patients should take into account the shape, design, and degree of tension of the tape and the patient's capability and swallowing function.

현재 바이오 분야에서 분리에 대한 수요가 급증함에 따라, 투과율 및 결합능 측면에서 높은 성능을 띠는 막크로 마토그래피가 수지 크로마토그래피의 대체 분리 공정으로 부상하고 있다. 실증을 기반으로 하여 막 소재가 결정되는 기존 분 리막 공정과 달리, 막크로마토그래피의 경우 분리하고자 하는 목표 물질에 적합한 분리 메커니즘 이해 그리고 이를 기반한 공정 설계가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 생특이성을 활용하여 선택적으로 거대 분자를 포집하는 친화성 작용, 전하를 활용하여 생분자와 결합하는 이온 교환 작용 그리고 소수성을 활용하여 생분자와 결합하는 소수성 작용과 같은 막크로마토그래피 주요 분리 메커니즘들에 대해 다루고자 한다. 또한 본 논문에서는 단계적 측면에서 또는 소재 측면에 막크로마토그래피 기술 설계 시 고려해야할 변인들에 대해서 다루고자 한다.

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 감각통합치료가 아동의 섭식 및 구강기능에 미치는 효과에 대한 단일대상연구 설 계 연구의 특성을 확인하고 질적 수준을 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법 : 한국연구정보서비스(Research Information Sharing Service; RISS), 한국학술정보(Koreanstudies Information Service System; KISS)의 원문제공 서비스를 활용하여 2011년에서 2020년에 발간된 논문 중 감각통합, 감각통합치료, 감각자극, 구강방어를 주요 검색용어로 검색하였다. 총 7편의 단일대상연구 설계 논문을 대상으로 연구 특성 및 내용, 질적 수준을 확인하였다. 결과 : 연구 설계는 모두 반전설계였다. 독립변수는 감각통합, 구강 관련 중재를 동시에 적용하였고 종속변 수는 식사, 호흡, 자세, 침흘림, 양치질 등 다양하였으며 중재 후 모든 종속변수가 향상되었다. 치료 회기, 시간, 기간은 다양하였다. 연구의 질적 수준은 대부분 중간 이상이었으며, 변수와 대상에 대한 정의, 시각적 자료 사용 등 기준에 맞는 연구를 수행하고 있었다. 결론 : 감각통합치료는 섭식 및 구강기능에 효과적인 중재법으로 확인되었다. 단일대상연구 설계의 질적 수준은 적절하였으며 추후 연구 결과의 타당성을 높일 수 있는 방법을 적용하여 높은 수준의 연구를 진행해야 할 것이다.

본 연구에서는 국내에 새롭게 도입하고자 하는 인터모달 자동화물운송 시스템을 구현하기 위한 터미널 플랫폼 시설의 온도하중에 따른 적정 신축이음 간격을 살펴보았다. 터미널 플랫폼의 적정 신축이음 간격 검토는 미국 F.C.C.(federal construction council)에서 제안한 식을 이용하여 지역별 온도변화에 따른 최대 신축이음 간격을 설정하고, 구조해석 프로그램을 통해서 산출된 최대 변위값과 건축구조 수평변위 제한값을 비교하였다. 적정 신축이음 간격은 온도변화로 인한 구조물 최대 변위량이 수평변위 제한값 이하가 되는 슬래브 길이로 선정하였으며, F.C.C 제안식을 통하여 산정한 지역별 최대 신축 이음 간격을 적용하여 구조물 최대 발생 변위를 살펴본 결과, 건축구조 수평변위 제한값 이내에서 발생될 수 있는 최대변위 값을 확인할 수 있었다.

This thesis provides background information on DFS carried out by the government in an effort to reduce the accident rate, cases of DFS in other advanced countries to study their risk detection, risk assessment, risk control measures, and cases in which application of DFS during the designing phase succesfully led to reduction of the accident rate. Till now, the focus has been on incident responses after the occurance of accidents, it describes the importance of considering safety during the desining process through safety results and cases.

In recent years, advancing technology and growing interest in neuromarketing and neurobranding have led to foundational research that facilitates a better understanding of consumers’ affective responses and unconscious information processing. However, the areas of aesthetics and design have remained largely unaffected by such advances and implications. The purpose of this study is to present a systematic review of the neuroscientific evidence aimed at sensible design for design and marketing researchers interested in exploring neuroaesthetics, an interdisciplinary area by nature. Sciencedirect, EBSCO, and the Google Scholar database were searched in February 2014 to select and review previous studies of aesthetics involving neuroscience. Twenty-eight studies were reviewed and divided into two categories: reward system and emotion. In addition to discussions on previous approaches, future research directions focusing on the process of aesthetic judgments (e.g., design elements, marketing stimuli) are proposed.

PURPOSES : This paper numerically evaluates the contribution of transverse steel to the structural behavior of continuously reinforced concrete pavements to understand the role of transverse steel. METHODS: Two-lane continuously reinforced concrete pavements with and without transverse steel were analyzed through finite element analysis with the aid of commercial finite element analysis program DIANA; the difference in their structural behavior such as deflection, joint opening, and stress distribution was then evaluated. Twenty-node brick elements and three-node beam elements were used to model concrete and steel, respectively. Sub-layers were modeled with horizontal and vertical tensionless spring elements. The interactions between steel and surrounding concrete were considered by connecting their nodes with three orthogonal spring elements. Both wheel loading and environmental loading in addition to self-weight were considered. RESULTS : The use of transverse steel in continuously reinforced concrete pavements does not have significant effects on the structural behavior. The surface deflections change very little with the use of transverse steel. The joint opening decreases when transverse steel is used but the reduction is quite small. The transverse concrete stress, rather, increases when transverse steel is used due to the restraint exerted by the steel but the increase is quite small as well. CONCLUSIONS : The main role of transverse steel in continuously reinforced concrete pavements is supporting longitudinal steel and/or controlling unexpected longitudinal cracks rather than enhancing the structural capacity.

본 연구에서는 국내외 항공기 충돌에 대한 원자력발 전소의 안전성 평가 및 규제 현황과 연구용원자로의 안 전성 평가 및 규제 현황을 살펴보았다. 이러한 현황과 평가와 관련하여 연구용원자로에 적용할 수 있는 항공 기 충돌 안전성 평가 및 대비설계 기준을 원자력발전소 에 적용되는 기준을 기반으로 정리하였다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 후속되는 연구에서는 연구용원자로에 대한 실질적인 항공기 충돌 안전성 평가 및 대비설계 기준을 도출할 수 있으며, 평가 및 대비설계 방법을 상세히 정 립할 수 있을 것이다. 결과적으로, 이를 바탕으로는 항 공기 충돌에 대비한 연구용원자로 건물의 예비개념설 계 모델을 개발할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study theoretically reviews vertical grade deriving process in super high speed environment and compares overseas design criteria with Domestic Standardization also draws suitable vertical grade design criteria of high standard for Domestic Circumstances in Korea. METHODS : By researching domestic vehicle registration status, calculating typical vehicle, using Vissim which is traffic simulation program, Speed-distance curve of the vehicle is derived under each design speed condition. Through Speed-distance curve, estimating critical length of grade and considering critical length of grade, maximum longitudinal incline is proposed. RESULTS : The result of domestic vehicle registration status, the typical vehicle for deriving vertical grade is calculated based on gravity horsepower ratio 200 lb/hp. For calculating critical length of grade, according to change speed of uphill entry, speed-distance curve is derived by using Vissim. Critical length of grade is calculated based on design speed 20 km/h criteria which is point of retardation. Estimated critical length of grade is 808 m and based on this result, maximum longitudinal incline was confirmed in the design speed between 130km/h to 140km/h. CONCLUSIONS: The case of the typical vehicle(truck) which is gravity horsepower ratio 200 lb/hp, maximum longitudinal incline 2% is desirable at the super high speed environment in the design speed between 130km/h to 140km/h.