This study was done to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of Lycii fructus in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of STZ at a dose 45mg/kg.b.w. dissolved in citrate buffer(pH4.5). The ethanol extract of Lycii fructus was orally administrated once a day for 7 days. The contents of serum glucose, total cholesterol were significantly decreaed (p<0.05) in Lycii fructus treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group, also content of Triglyceride (TG), Altherogenic index (AI) were decreased, but not statistically significant. But high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio (HTR) were increased in Lycii fructus treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. The content of hepatic glycogen and activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6PDH), glutathione-s-transferase(GST), superoxide dismutase(SOD) were significantly increased(p<0.05), glucose-6-phos-phatase(G-6pase)was significantly decreased(p<0.05) and The glutathione(GSH), glucokinase(GK) were increased. But not statistically significant In Lycii fructus treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group These results indicated that ethanol extract of Lycii fructus would have antidiabetic and antioxidant effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Wood vinegar, an extract from Acer Tegmentosum Maximowicz, was evaluated for its hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic properties by using normal and diabetic rats. The extract was dissolved in water and administered daily for six or seven weeks. In experiment 1, thirty normal Sprague- Dawley (SD) male rats were randomly divided into five treatments of 6 rats each. The treatments were T1 (mineral water), T2 (mineral water), T3 (silver solution), T4 (wood vinegar), and T5 (silver solution + wood vinegar) and diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of streptozotocin except T1. In experiment 2, sixteen diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) male rats were randomly divided into four treatments of 4 rats each. The treatments were T1 (mineral water), T2 (silver solution), T3 (wood vinegar), and T4 (silver solution + wood vinegar). Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats showed less body weight gain, more food intake and less water consumption as compared with normal non-diabetic rats. Oral administration of wood vinegar resulted in more weight gain, lower blood glucose concentration and urine pH among all the diabetic rats. In experiment 2, diabetic GK rats administrated with wood vinegar showed higher weight gain, food intake and less water intake when compared with control. However, supplementation with wood vinegar did not result in any decrease of blood glucose concentrations. It could be concluded that wood vinegar extracted from Acer Tegmentosum Maximowicz exerted hypoglycemic effect in diabetic-induced normal rats, but not in diabetic GK rats.

Electrical acupuncture has been shown to induce hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin diabetic rats. The Zusanli acupoints have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to relieve symptoms of diabetes mellitus. But, the effects of electrical acupuncture stimulation of different frequencies are still unclear. We designed an experiment to investigate the effect of electrical acupuncture of high (100 Hz) and low (2 Hz) frequencies on Zusanli acupoint for 15 minutes in streptozotocin diabetic rats. They were divided into 4 groups, high frequency electrical acupuncture (HFEA group, n=5), low frequency electrical acupuncture (LFEA group, n=5), without any treatment (control group, n=5) and normal group (n=5). After 2 weeks of treatment, the HFEA and LFEA groups had a significantly decreased glucose concentration in serum in comparison to the control group. Additionally, the HFEA group had a significantly decreased glucose concentration in serum compared with the LFEA group. Both the HFEA and LFEA groups had a significantly decreased Immunoglobulin G concentration in serum compared with control group. The LFEA and control groups had a significantly increased cholesterol concentration in serum compared with the normal group, but the HFEA did not have a significantly increased cholesterol concentration. Thus we suggest that electrical acupuncture stimulation at the Zusanli acupoints is effective on hypoglycemic effect and immune function. Overall, the therapeutic effects of electrical acupuncture at 100 Hz was better than effects at 2 Hz.

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of fructose(F) or sucrose(S) and guar gum intake on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in 15-week-old male Goto-Kakizaki(GK) rats. Fifty rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups which were different in carbohydrate(25% of carbohydrate) and fiber(5% w/w) sources. The carbohydrate(CHO) sources of each group were comstarch(control group, 100% of CHO), fructose with cellulose(F), fructose with guar gum(FG), sucrose with cellulose(S), and sucrose with guar gum(SG). Each group was fed exterimental diet for 4 weeks. We measured food intake, body weight gain, adipose tissues weight and organs weight. We conducted oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) and measured plasma insulin concentration to examine carbohydrate metabolism. To evaluate lipid metabolism, we measured the lipid profile of plasma, liver and feces. Food intake and weight gain of FG or SG groups tended to be less than those of F or S groups. Perirenal and epididymal fat pad weights of SG group were significantly lower than those of S group and those of FG group tended to be lower than those of F group. In OGTT, blood glucose values of F or S groups were significantly higher than those of C group, and FG or SG groups tended to be lower than those of F or S groups during the experimental time. The area under the curve(AUC) of C group was significantly highest among the groups, AUC and plasma insulin concentration of FG or SG groups tended to be lower than those of F or S groups. Plasma and hepatic triglyceride (TG) of FG and SG groups were significantly lower than those of F and S groups, plasma and hepatic total lipid(TL) and total cholesterol(TC) of FG and SG groups tended to be lower than those of F and S groups. Fecal TL, TG and TC of FG or SG groups tended to be higher than those of F and S groups. In conclusion, intake of guar gum should improve carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in partial substitution of fructose or sucrose for cornstarch in GK rats.

Diabetic nephropathy has been increasing, although blood glucose and blood pressure can be controlled by angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) or advanced glycosylation end products(AGE) inhibitors in the diabetic patients. We investigated the effect of dietary supplementation of sea tangle on the blood glucose, and pathological scoring of diabetic kidneys in the streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal rats fed control diet and diabetic rats fed control diet or control diet supplemented with powder or oater extract of sea tangle. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of STZ(60mg/kg, ip) in citrate buffer. The animals were fed the experimental diet and water for 13 weeks. Dietary supplementation of sea tangle decreased blood glucose in the diabetic rats. However, dietary supplementation of sea tangle did not affect the antioxidant enzyme activities, MDA content and pathology of diabetic kidneys. These results indicate that decreased blood glucose by sea tangle could not delay the progression of diabetic kidney disease.

This study was performed to determine the effect of Takju(Korean turbid rice wine) lees on the serum glucose level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 24 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into three groups: normal control(NC), diabetic control(DC) and diabetic rats(DS) were fed on experimental diet and water ad libitum for 4 weeks. DS diet was containing 20% Takju lees. Body weight gain and food Efficiency Ratio(FER) were significantly lower in DC and DS than NC. DS tended to have higher weight, weight gain and FEF than DC nevertheless food intake. Therefore Takju lees could possibly complement casein as a protein source. Gastrointestianl transit time in DS significantly decreased than NC while not significantly than DC. Serum lipid profiles and AST. ALT and amylase were not significantly different between diabetic DC and DS. Blood glucose was measured at fasting state and 30, 60, 90 and 120 minute by oral glucose tolerance test, DS tended to lower the mean(± SE) incremental blood glucose concentrations than DC and was significantly low at 120 min. But incremental AUG(area under the curve) of postprandial glucose response was not significantly different. In conclusion, in spite of high contents of carbohydrate Takju lees perhaps have a benefit effect on the diabetes.

본 연구에서는 갈근 및 그의 주 이소플라본인 puerarin의 활성을 세포 수준에서 분석하였다. 먼저 갈근에 함유된 이소플라본의 양을 분석한 결과, puerarin이 총 이소플라본의 90 % 차지하였다. 다음으로는 puerarin의 항당뇨 활성을 검정한 결과 먼저 탄수화물 및 지방소화효소 저해활성에 대해서는 거의 미비한 것으로 나타났으나 인슐린 감수성 및 지방세포의 분화의 유도에 대해서는 농도 의존적으로 작용하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 따라서 puerarin은 지방조직내로 포도당의 흡수를 촉진함으로서 항당뇨 효능을 발휘하는 것으로 추정된다.

KWNP의 특정 손상에 대한 회복 효과에 대한 과학적인 접근을 하기 위해서 본 연구를 수행하였다. 실험은 STZ를 복강 주사하여 당뇨를 유발, 220mg dL-1 이상인 실험동물을 이용하여 수행되었으며 방사선 전신 조사 실험군과 KWNP 처리군 간의 각 항목 분석치를 비교, 분석하였다. 실험 5주간의 체중증가율은 방사선 처리군과 당뇨군 모두 대조군에 비하여 낮게 나타났으며 특히 당뇨군에서는 통계적으로 유의적으로 낮았다. 정소와 비장, 또 당뇨

The extraction yield of Corni fructus was about 47.5% by extract apparatus. This study was done to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidative effects of Corni fructus in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The contents of serum glucose, total cholesterol and hepatic lipid peroxide, glutathione were significantly decreaed (p<0.05) in Corni fructus treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group, also content of triglyceride (TG), atherogenic index (AI) and activity of catalase were decreased, but not statistically significant. High density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio (HTR) were increased in Corni fructus treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. The activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly decreaed (p<0.05) in Corni fructus treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. The content of hepatic glycogen and activities of glucose-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6 PDH), glucokin-ase were significantly increased, but activity of glucose-Grphosphatase (G-6 Pase)was decreased in Corni fructus treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. Therefore, these results indicated that ethanol extract of Corni fructus would have antidiabetic and antioxidative effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

다시마 분말 첨가식이가 당뇨쥐의 당질과 지질대사 및 항산화효소계에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 SD계 횐쥐에 17% 다시마 분말을 급여하여 7주간 실험 사육한 후 혈청의 포도당 및 지질농도와 주요장기의 항산화효소의 활성도를 관찰하였다. 다시마 당뇨군(TI)에서 다사마 섭취는 당뇨에 의한 체중감소 현상을 보였다. 당뇨군의 혈당 농도는 다시마 섭취에 의한 혈당강하 효과는 3주째에 나타났다. 당뇨에 의한 산화적 스트레스로 인해 증가한 GST 활성도가 다시마 섭취로 인해 정상 수준으로 저하됨으로써 다시마의 섭취가 당뇨시 산화적 반응에 대한 방어기전을 제공할 수 있음을 유추할 수 있었다. 또한 중성지방이 감소하고 HDL-콜레스테롤의 증가하는 경향으로 심혈관계와 관련되는 당뇨합병증의 억제 가능성을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary Indongcho(L. japonica Thunb) powder on blood glucose, serum lipid levels and antioxidative enzymes in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Four groups of rats(3-week-old inbred Sprague-Dawley male rats) were normal rats fed control diet(NC), diabetic rats fed control diet(DC), normal rats fed Indongcho powder diet(NI), and diabetic rats fed Indongcho powder diet(DI). Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin(60mg/kg B.W., i.p.). The animals were fed ad libium each of the experimental diet for 5 weeks. Food and water intakes were determined everyday. Blood glucose and serum total cholesterol levels were determined every week. After 5 weeks the animals were sacrificed and activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products were determined in their liver and kidney homogenates. We also determined serum concentrations of total lipid(TL), total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides(TG) and HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C). Blood sugar and water intake were higher in diabetic group(DC and DI group) than normal group(NC and NI group) and were not significantly decreased by dietary Indongcho intake. Body weight gain and FER(feed efficiency ratio) were reduced by STZ treatment. But, Final body weight was recovered by Indongcho-contained diet. LHR(LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol) of the DI g re up was significantly lower than the other experimental groups(NC, NI and DC groups). The hepatic glucose 6-phosphatase(G6Pase) activity of the groups fed Indongcho diet(NI and DI group) was lower than the groups fed control diet(NC and DC group) and the G6Pase activity of NI group was recovered to the normal levels(p<0.05). However, The glutathione peroxidase(GPx) and glutathione reductase(GR) activities in liver and G6Pase activity in kidney were not statistically different between the control and diabetic control groups. Renal GST activity of the DI group was recovered by Indongcho intake. In conclusion, these results confirm oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of rats with STZ diabetes and antioxidative effect of Indongcho.

본 연구는 보행주기 동안 정상인과 당뇨병성 족부궤양 환자의 족관절 운동역학적 변수와 족관절 근육들의 근활성도에 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 본 연구의 대상자는 당뇨병성 족부궤양이 있는 환자 9명(남자: 6명, 여자: 3명)과 성, 연령, 체중으로 짝짓기(matching)시킨 대조군 9명이었다. 3차원 동작분석기, 힘판, 표면 근전도를 이용하여, 보행주기 동안 족관절의 관절가동범위, 모멘트(moment), 일률(power), 그리고 내측가자

The purposes of this article are to review the pathogenesis, prevention, and management of amputation due to diabetes mel1itus complications, and to report one case who had lost his toes due to diabetes mellitus. A primary cause for hospital admission of the patient was foot ulcer. Since many amputations in diabetic patients are precipitated by such ulcers, a program for active prevention and optimal treatment of diabetic foot lesions might decrease the risk of amputation. Diabetic foot ulcers and, ultimately, amputation can stem from a variety of pathways. The combination of peripheral neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease and infections is the harbinger of the final cataclysmic events of gangrene and amputation. As the physical therapist is often involved in the treatment of diabetic patients, the therapist should be aware of the followings: the patient's type of diabetes and the severity of the diabetes, the complications of the disease, the effects of exercise, the importance of wearing proper shoes and education to patients about appropriate diabetic foot care.