본 연구는 국제여객터미널 대합실의 환경요소와 감정, 만족 간의 영향관계에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 일본으로 출국 하기 위하여 대기하고 있는 관광객을 대상으로 하였고, 자료 수집은 자기기입방식을 이용한 설문조사를 이용하였다. 그리고 설문지의 통계처리 는 SPSS 18.0을 이용하였고, 가설검증을 위하여 AMOS 18.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 구조모형 검증결과 첫째, 대합실의 물리적 환경요소는 감 정에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 대합실의 사회적 환경요소는 감정에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 감정은 만족도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 환경요소는 감정에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요소임을 알 수 있다. 그러므로 장 소의 특성에 따라 환경적 요소들에 대한 관리가 요구되어진다. 또한 환경적 요소는 감정을 매개로 만족도에 영향을 미치게 되므로 관광객들의 감정에 부정적 영향을 미치지 않도록 국제여객터미널과 관련된 주체는 대합실 환경에 대한 지속적인 관심과 관광객들의 이용 만족도를 향상 시킬 수 있는 환경마련에 노력하여야 할 것이다.

Durability and structural safety of steel structure are severely affected by corrosion caused by deicer material as well as by airborne chlorides in the marine environment. In this study, based on analysis of current status it is suggested that deterioration and durability reduction by the environmental factor such as chlorides should be more reasonably taken into consideration for the accurate inspection and condition evaluation of steel structures.

본 연구는 유자나무에 발생하는 주요 병을 방제하기 위한 친환경 유기농업자재를 선발하기 위하여 수행되었다. Phomopsi scitri에 의한 유자 검은점무늬병은(Meloanose)과 Elsinoe fawcettii에 의한 유자 더뎅이병(Scab)은 유자나무에서 가장 일반적인 병으로 알려져 있다. 병 발생은 6월 하순경에 피해가 큰 것은 6월 동안의 강우량과 상대습도와 밀접한 연관관계를 가지고 있다. 또한 이 병들은 수령이 낮은 유자보다는 수령이 높은 유자에서 심하게 발생하는 경향이 있다. 유자 검은점무늬병에 대한 방제효과는 농가의 관행재배구가 78.3%였으며, 친환경유기농업자재는 49.1~72.6% 방제효과를 보였다. 반면, 유자 더뎅이병 시험에서 농가의 관행재배구에 대한 방제효과는 82.6%였으며, 공시자재인 친환경유기농업자재는 41.1~71.8%의 방제효과를 보였다. 각각의 시험에서 통계적 유의성을 검정한 결과 통계적으로 유의성이 있었다. 본 시험결과에서 친환경유기농업자재는 유자의 검은점무늬병 및 더뎅이병에 대한 방제방법으로 제시할 수 있었다.

마디풀과(Polygonaceae)에 속하는 소리쟁이(Rumex crispus L.) 추출물이 환경오염원인 염화카드뮴(CdCl2)에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 배양 NIH3T3 섬유모세포(NIH3T3 fibroblast)를 재료로, 이의 항산화(antioxidation) 및 멜라닌화(melanogenesis)에 대한 영향을 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 CdCl2는 배양 NIH3T3 섬유모세포에 처리한 농도에 비례하여 세포생존율을 유의하게 감소시켰으며(p<0.001), 이 과정에서 XTT50값은 45.7μM로 측정되었다. 또한, 이 값은 Borenfreund and Puerner에 의한 독성판정기준에 따라 고독성인 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 항산화제인 vitamin E는 CdCl2에 의하여 감소된 세포생존율을 유의하게 증가시킴으로서 CdCl2의 세포독성을 방어하였다. CdCl2의 세포독성에 대한 소리쟁이 추출물의 영향에 있어서는, 소리쟁이 추출물은 CdCl2만의 처리에 비하여 세포생존율을 유의하게 증가시켰으며(p<0.001), 또한 DPPH-라디칼 소거능(DPPH-radical scavenging activity)에 의한 항산화능을 나타냈다. 멜라닌화에 있어서, 소리쟁이 추출물은 CdCl2에 의하여 증가된 티로시나제(tyrosinase) 활성과 총멜라닌양을 모두 유의하게 감소시켰다(p<0.001). 이상의 결과로부터 CdCl2의 세포독성에 산화적 손상이 관여하고 있으며, 소리쟁이 추출물은 항산화능에 의하여 CdCl2의 세포독성을 효과적으로 방어하였다. 또한 소리쟁이 추출물은 티로시나제 활성과 총멜라닌양을 유의하게 감소시킴으로서 멜라닌화를 방어하는데 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 소리쟁이와 같은 천연물을 대상으로 CdCl2 처럼 산화적 손상과 관련된 중금속계 환경오염원의 독성으로부터 보호할 수 있는 물질에 대한 탐색 및 개발은 이의 활용적 가치가 크다고 생각된다.

This study was conducted to select environmental friendly organic materials for controlling the ginseng alternaria blight and to evaluate their effects from 2011 to 2012. Alternaria blight is caused by Alternaria panax and is the most common ginseng disease in Korea. Environmental friendly organic materials were used to reduce amount of chemical fungicides and the number of spray for control of Ginseng Alternaria leaf blight. In 4 years of ginseng, control value of Alternaria leaf blight by single application of Defenoconazole WP was 82.3% and those of single application was 62.0~75.9%. Consequently, mixed or alternated application of eco-material products could be recommended as a control method to reduce the amount of fungicides.

본 연구는 원예활동이 초등학생의 환경인식과 정서지능에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보고자 경상북도 영천시의 한 초등학교의 초등학생 13명을 대상으로 다양한 식물의 양육체험과 재활용을 이용한 원예활동을 2012년 4월 18일부터 7월 18일까지 매주 수요일 주 1회 총 13회 실시하였다. 원예활동 실시 전과 후, 환경인식의 경우, 110점에서 131.8점으로 21.8점이 향상되었다(P<0.01). 정서지능의 경우, 전체 점수는 61.6점에서 70.2점으로 8.6점이 향상되었고(P<0.05), 하위항목인 정서조절의 경우, 20.3점에서 24.1점으로 3.8점이 향상되었다(P<0.05). 또한 정서활용의 경우, 11.5점에서 15.1점으로 3.6점이 향상되었다(P<0.01). 이러한 결과로부터 초등학생을 대상으로 한 방과 후 원예활동이 자연에 대한 올바른 이해와 지식을 높이고 사회적 관계형성에 가장 중요한 요소로 평가되는 정서지능을 높이는 데 효과적이라고 할 수 있다. 차후 초등학생을 대상으로 학교뿐 아니라 가정으로 연계된 원예활동이 장기적인 차원에서 이루어진다면 아동의 정서와 관련된 사회적 문제를 해결하는 데 큰 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구의 목적은 자기결정이론에 근거하여 운동선수들이 지각한 사회적 환경 요인과 심리적 웰빙간의 관계에서 기본적 심리욕구의 매개효과를 규명하는 것이다. 유목적 표집방식을 이용하여 제주특별자치도 및 광주광역시의 중고등학교 운동선수 292명을 대상으로 자율성 지지, 동기분위기, 기본적 심리욕구, 심리적 웰빙 결정요인에 대한 자기평가식의 질문지조사를 실시하였다. 구조방정식모형분석을 이용하여 가설을 검증한 결과, 자율성 지지는 자율성과 유능성에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤고, 과제관여 분위기는 자율성과 관계성에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤으며, 자아관여 분위기는 유능성에만 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 기본적 심리욕구의 하위요인인 자율성과 관계성은 긍정정서와 주관적 활력에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤고, 부정정서에는 유의한 부(-)의 영향을 미쳤으며, 유능성은 긍정정서와 주관적 활력에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 사회적 환경요인이 기본적 심리욕구를 경유하여 심리적 웰빙에 미치는 간 접효과를 분석한 결과, 자율성 지지는 자율성을 경유하여 긍정정서와 주관적 활력에 정(+)의 간접효과를 유발하였으며, 과제관여 분위기는 자율성과 유능성을 통하여 긍정정서와 주관적 활력에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 자아관여 분위기는 자율성을 경유하여 부정정서에 정(+)의 간접효과를 유발하였다.

The aim of this study is to clarify what influence has on elementary school children's environmental awareness in time of teaching environmental problems from an animistic viewpoint and from non-animistic viewpoint. For this purpose, this study carried out its research targeting 126 students in fourth grade at M elementary school located in U Metropolitan City. This study suggested the environmental problems by re-edifying the already suggested environmental problems from an animistic viewpoint to 62 students for two classes which were classified as an experimental group after sampling 10 cases of the representative environmental problems that might derive from the earth system, and conducted the class on 10 main topics relevant to the problematic situation of environment with an animistic viewpoint excluded targeting the remaining 64 students forming a comparison group. The results of this study were as follows: First, there appeared an ex-ante ex-post statistically significant difference in the awareness of environmental problems from the experimental group which received an environmental class from an animistic viewpoint. However, there didn't appear a statistically significant difference from the comparison group. This study interprets this result to mean that elementary students' awareness of environmental problems increase because they think about the environmental problems by associating them with a problem of life when the students receive the environmental class from an animistic viewpoint. Second, there appeared an ex-ante ex-post statistically significant difference in the awareness of environmental problems from the experimental group which received an environmental class from an animistic viewpoint. However, there didn't appear a statistically significant difference from the comparison group. Regarding this aspect, this study believes that the experimental group shows much higher willingness to environmental act in comparison with the comparison group because elementary school students think of inanimate objects as living things.

This study aims to find out an effect of 3 types of environment worksheets used for 5th elementary graders's environmental class on their environmental perceptions and behavior. 104 of 5th graders in M elementary school in Ulsan Metropolitan City were selected and divided into A group(35), B group(34) and C group(35) for this study, and to A group, a class used worksheet of the photo taken clean, unpolluted environment, and to B group, a class used worksheet of the photo taken polluted environment and to C group, a class used worksheet of only text without photo were carried out. The worksheet used class was conducted 5 times, and then after the classes, the student's change in environmental perceptions and behavior by group was put into verification Below are the study results. First, the worksheets used for the environment class have incurred significant differences in student's environmental perceptions by their types. A. B groups were higher than C group in their post-test environmental perceptions score, a statistically significant differences. Meanwhile, statistically insignificant differences appeared in environmental perceptions score between A and B groups. Second, the type of worksheet used for environment class represented considerable differences in he students' environmental behavior. A group was higher than B. C groups in post test environment behavior score, the difference of which was statistically significant. While statistically insignificant difference represented in environmental behavior between B, C groups. Third, the both types of worksheets of the photo of positive environment and that of negative environment appeared to be effective statistically in changing the elementary students' environmental behavior, while the worksheets of the photo of positive environment appeared to be effective statistically in their environmental behavior.

환경오염원인 삼산화크롬(chromium trioxide, CrO3)의 세포독성을 배양 대뇌신경교종세포(C6 glioma)를 재료로 산화적 손상측면에서 조사하였으며, 또한 CrO3의 세포독성에 대한 청미래덩굴(Smilax china L., SC)추출물의 영향을 세포생존율을 비롯한 전자공여능 및 lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) 활성과 같은 항산화 측면에서 분석하였다. 본 실험에서 배양 C6 glioma 세포에 15∼30uM의 CrO3를 처리한 결과 농도 의존적으로 세포생존율이 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 감소하였으며 XTT50값이 30uM에서 나타나 고독성(highly-toxic)인 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 항산화제인 catalase는 CrO3에 의하여 감소된 세포생존율을 유의하게 증가시켰다. 한편, CrO3의 세포독성에 대한 SC추출물의 영향에 있어서는, SC추출물은 CrO3에 의하여 감소된 세포생존율을 유의하게 증가시킴으로서 CrO3의 세포독성을 방어하였다. 이와 동시에, SC추출물은 전자공여능및 lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) 활성감소를 보임으로서 항산화 효과를 나타냈다. 위의 결과로 부터 CrO3의 세포독성에 산화적 손상이 관여하고 있으며, 또한 SC추출물은 항산화 효과에 의하여 CrO3의 산화적 손상을 방어함으로서 세포를 보호하는데 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

In this study, we developed the environmental education program focused on the communication with the exhibits at the ecological museum applicable to the environmental education for gifted students. For this study, we chose 60 gifted students attending U Institute of Education for the gifted, and classified these students into two groups, then applied newly developed program to the 30 experimental group students, and applied general environmental education program to the 30 comparative group students. Below are the study results: First, the environmental education program focused on the communication with the exhibits at the ecological museum was much effective in increasing environmental sensitivity of gifted students as compared to the general environmental education program. Second, the environmental education program focused on the communication with the exhibits at the ecological museum was much more effective in increasing the willingness to environmental act for gifted students as compared to the general environmental education program Third, the satisfaction of the gifted students about the environmental education program focused on the communication with the exhibits at the ecological museum was higher than the general environmental education program.

오늘날처럼 경쟁이 치열한 글로벌 해운시장 환경에 대한 외항선사의 대응능력은 기업성장과 물동량 창출에 매우 중요하다. 이러한 측면에서 본 연구는 우리나라 외항선사이 직면하고 있는 해운환경의 특성을 규명하고 이러한 환경 대응능력과 전략실행프로세스 및 경영성과와의 관계를 규명하여 외항선사의 경쟁력을 결정하게 되는 핵심요인이 환경대응력에 의해서만 결정되는 것이 아니고, 전략실행을 위한 내부프로세스와의 상호작용에 의해서도 달라진다는 것을 실증적으로 제시하였다. 이는 외항선사의 환경대응과 전략실행 및 경영성과의 관계를 종합적으로 검증한 것으로 해운환경변화에의 대응능력 향상과 적절한 전략수행의 유인을 통해 외항선사의 경쟁력 강화에 공헌할 수 있다는 데에 연구의 가치가 있다고 본다.

How would environmental education be implemented for effectiveness today? Deep reflection on the way of teaching environment in classes to achieve effectiveness is required. If there exist differences in students' environmental perception depending on environment class pattern, its most effective way should be looked for. In environmental education, inducing the students to have advisable attitude voluntary about environment is more important than teaching them environmental knowledge. From such view, students' active participation is necessary for successful environmental classes. Students need to be set to share their principle, values, attitude about environment problems at environmental class through presentation which is important factor to make them have advisable environmental attitude. Therefore, environmental class need to be carried out student-led way. For that, a class model need to be designed which will be helpful for the students to arrange and elaborate their emitting thought about environment problems through disclosing their thoughts to share them with fellow students which will end up in their advisable environmental attitude. This study aimed to find out the effectiveness of environmental collage making class contributive to offering various environmental perception to students and grasping others' thinking about environment. Fifty-eight 10th graders at U Science High School in Ulsan metropolitan city were selected for the study that carried out from 2010 April to June by choosing total 10 environmental themes divided into environmental collage making class applied to the 30 test group students, and general environmental class applied to 28 control group students. Following are the study results. First, in students' environmental sensitivity, the students in the environmental collage making class appeared to be higher compared with them in general environmental class. Second, in students' intentional environment action, the students in the environmental collage making class appeared to be higher compared with them in general environmental class. Third, in students' satisfaction with environmental class, the students in the environmental collage making class appeared to be higher compared with them in general environmental class.

Today, the importance of environmental education is a matter we are all concerned about. The environment surrounding us, such as the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the soil plants grow in, is critical for our survival. Currently there is a lot of interest in environmental education at the elementary, middle, and high school levels. This is a result of the deep recognition of the importance of the environment. However the environmental education being conducted in schools is not yet at a satisfactory level. The practical issues, including an entrance exam-oriented atmosphere, student' and parents' lack of understanding, and teachers' lack of expertise in environmental education, interfere with the stability of environmental curriculum in the schools. Accordingly, we need to devise an alternative environmental curriculum due to the fact that it hasn't been included as a regular subject in the curriculum of many national schools. This study, carried out from April to December 2009, was an examination of the effect of volunteer work at the place of ecology experience on the environmental sensitivity & state-trait anxiety of the 61 Gifted Students. The students were divided into two groups. The test group consisted of 30 gifted students who did volunteer work at the place of ecology experience run by Ulsan Science High School, in Ulsan Metropolitan City. The control group consisted of the rest of the students. The following are the study results: First, the volunteer work at the place of ecology experience was influential in increasing the environmental sensitivity of the gifted students. Second, the volunteer work at the place of ecology experience was influential in decreasing the state anxiety of in gifted students. Third, the volunteer work at the place of ecology experience was influential in decreasing the trait anxiety of in gifted students. Fourth, the volunteer work at the place of ecology experience positively influenced not only the gifted students' view of environmental education, but also their overall character.

Since the effect of environmental education at class using textbooks or materials related to environment is limited, the importance of activities for field experience is getting increased day by day. Thereby, the education tends to change into the type of education providing students with direct environmental experience. Students attending the science high school have excellent aptitude and ability for science and will lead the development of science in the future. Now it is urgent to develop various experiential programs which are helpful for them to establish desirable values on environment. However, the field of environmental education that allows science high school students equipped with ample environmental knowledge to improve environment sensitivity and have proper environment awareness is quite restricted as of now. Natural exploration activities are the programs which provide science high school students having lack of chance for environmental education with good opportunities to contact nature and also play significant roles in arousing their interest in issues related with environment. Therefore, it is thought that they will let science high school students explore the natural features of Korea, understand the importance of preserving environment and ecosystem profoundly, and encourage environmental awareness and will of environmental practice. Thereupon, with the study subjects of 121 first and second graders at U Science High School, this article analyzed their recognition of the necessity for environmental education and environmental pollution problems before and after the natural exploration activities, and conducted a survey on their satisfaction after the natural exploration activities and analyzed it. The result of this research is as follows. First, it was shown that the natural exploration activities were effective to raise the science high school students’ awareness of issues related with environmental pollution. Second, the natural exploration activities had effect upon enhancing the students’ willingness of environmental practice. Third, there was statistically significant correlation between the science high school students’ satisfaction with the natural exploration activities and their achievement in the science subject. Fourth, there also was a statistically non or weakness significant correlation between their satisfaction with the natural exploration activities and preference for the science subject. In particular, it was found that students preferring biology indicated higher satisfaction.

Today, environmental pollution and destruction due to the industrialization of our modern society have been the global issues. Although now we can lead affluent lives through science technologies and economic development, these environmental problems have resulted in striking the harmonious balance between human beings and nature and threatened human lives with abnormal weather caused by the global warming, destruction of the ozone layer, and El Nino phenomenon, acid rain, decrease in species diversity, movement of hazardous materials, and harmful waste increase. We are aware of the importance of environmental education, but in reality, it seems impossible to implement appropriate environmental education on account of our educational climate which exclusively focuses on the entrance examination. However, environmental education is the most ultimate solution for those problems in that only when students understand our environment fully and grow habits to protect it through environmental education, the present environmental problems can be solved and more serious problems that can be resulted in the future can possibly be prevented. Thus, this study has examined the effect of using image media in the environment subject on students’ environmental sensitivity. According to the results, it was shown that it had positive effects on ‘sensitivity of environment’, ‘attitudes towards environment’, and ‘environmental affinitive behaviors’.

난분 함수량에 따른 생육반응에서 건중에 비해 생체중의 변화가 현저하였다. 특히 난분 함수량이 0%± 5인 C point는 100%± 5인 A point에 비해 16.1g에서 4.7g으로 지하부의 생체중 감소가 매우 격감하였으나, 지상부의 생체중에서는 3.5g에서 2.1g으로 다소 감소하는 경향을 볼 수 있었다. 건중에서는 현저한 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 또한 엽록소와 총수용성 탄수화물(Total soluble carbohydrate)에서 용토 내의 함수량에 따른 현저한 차이를 볼 수 있었으나, 지상부와 지하부에 따른 다른 현상을 볼 수 있었다. 체내 총수용성 탄수화물량의 변화를 살펴보면, 지상부는 난분 내의 함수량이 0%± 5의 C point시점에서 0.2mg/g DW로 다소 감소함을 알 수 있었으나, 근권부에서는 100%± 5인 A point에서 0.14mg/g DW에 비해 50%± 5(B point) 그리고 0%± 5(C point)의 시점에서 0.22mg/g DW로 보다 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 난분 함수량에 따른 proline 축적량 변화는 100%± 5인 A point에 0.05mg/g FW 비해 0%± 5인 C point의 시점에서 0.6mg/g FW로 큰 변화를 볼 수 없었다. 한편, glycinebetaine에서는 지상부에서는 변화가 없었으나, 근권부인 뿌리에서 함수량이 100%± 5(A point)의 0.11mg/g DW에서 0%± 5인 C point의 시점에서 0.26mg/g DW로 2배의 증가를 불 수 있었다.

Interannual and decadal scale changes in body size of Pacific saury, catch and catch per unit effort were examined to investigate the environmental effects on the stock structure and abundance in the Tsushima Warm Current region. Interannual changes in thermal conditions are responsible for the different occurrence (catch) rates of sized group of the fish. Changes in body size due to environmental variables lead the stock to be homogeneous during the period of high abundance, while one of the reminder cohorts supports the stock during the period of low level of abundance. Migration circuits of two cohorts of saury stock are hypothesized on the basis of short life span and spatio-temporal changes of the stock structure in normal environmental conditions. Changes in upper ocean structure and production cycles by the decadal scale climate changes lead changes in stock structure and recruitment, resulting in the fluctuation of saury abundance. Hypothesized mechanism of the effects of climate changes on stock structure and abundance is illustrated on the basis of changes in thermal regime and production cycle.