Process control and autonomous safety control by applying PSM(Process Safety Management) method using AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) and to development of PSIM(Process Safety Information Management) evaluation method in the construction. The reason why PSIM method should be quantitative and substantial progress is because it contributes Korean constructing companies to enhancing their safety control ability and to taking an equal stance just like developed countries, thereby strengthening their competitive edges.

ABC analysis is the process of dividing inventory items into three classes according to their monetary usage so that managers can focus on Items that have the highest monetary usage value, and has been widely used in practice since Its development in 1950

This paper examines Korean learners’ difficulties with English unaccusative verb acquisition. 41 high school students, comprising the low proficiency group and 50 university students, constituting the high proficiency group, participated in judging two kinds of grammaticality tests (context-given and context-free). The first results revealed that at their English proficiency levels, context did not make any difference in judging the grammaticality of unaccusative verb. The second results showed that both groups of learners had more difficulty in acquiring melt-type (unaccusative verbs with transitive counterparts) than die-type (unaccusative verbs without transitive counterparts), and had the most difficulty unlearning NP-be+Ven structure of melt-type, followed by NP-V-NP structure of die-type and NP-be+Ven structure of die-type. It is suggested that the results of this study can be applied to learning and teaching unaccusative verbs in English classrooms and that future research focus on the possibility of advanced learners’ accepting nativelike NP-V order of unaccusative verbs.

Today's environment of enterprise is changing, They have to face customer' demands with the right product, the right service and supply them at the right time. And also cut down logistics and inventory cost and bring up the profit as much as they can. This means the change of putting enterprise first in importance to putting customer first importance. therefore to correspond to customer's demand, shorting lead time is becoming a essential condition. The answer to this changes of environment is supply chain management. In this paper, It consolidates the necessity on a LTV(Life Time Value) and analyzes data which is concerned of Customer Value. Under the these environments, defines the LTV(Life Time Value) rule that can improve the customer value. We solved this problems using AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) for consistency at relationship matrix, AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) is based on Saaty's consistency rate. If consistency rate is under 0.1 point, preference rate's weights are acceptable. This study develop a program for AHP weights and support Satty's consistency rate.

Nowadays, many construction engineering and technology enterprises are evolving to find that prosperity is driven and inspired by an open economy with dynamic markets and fierce multifaceted competition. Besides brand and product uniqueness, the ability to quickly provide customers with quotes are matters of concern. Such a requirement for prompt cost estimation of construction investment projects with the use of a construction price index poses a significant challenge to contractors. This is because the nature of the construction industry is shaped by changes in domestic and foreign economic factors, socio-financial issues, and is under the influence of various micro and macro factors. This paper presents a fuzzy decision-making approach for calculating critical factors that affect the construction price index. A qualitative approach was implemented based on in-depth interviews of experts in the construction industry in Vietnam. A synthetic comparison matrix was calculated using Buckley approach. The CoA approach was applied to defuzzified the fuzzy weights of factors that affect the construction price index. The research results show that the top five critical factors affecting the construction price index in Vietnam are (1) consumer price index, (2) gross domestic product, (3) basic interest rate, (4) foreign exchange rate, and (5) total export and import.

Purpose: The purpose of this study examines the mediating effect of clan leadership in the relationship between hierarchy culture and organizational commitment. Most previous research focused on the relationship between organizational culture and organizational performance or organizational culture and job satisfaction. There are few empirical studies that focus on organizational commitment data because it is difficult to collect in many cases of export-driven small and medium sized enterprises. However, this research measures affective commitment, continuance commitment, and normative commitment differently than previous research, which is mostly focused on the hierarchy culture, clan leadership, and organizational commitment measurements. Research design, data, methodology: Conceptual research model is based on the studies of Cameron and Quinn (2011), and Gungor and Sahin (2018). The model is designed with three constructs such as hierarchy culture, organizational commitment, and clan leadership. The monitor culture and coordinator culture are as proxy for the hierarchy culture. The affective commitment, continuance commitment, and normative commitment are as proxy for the organizational commitment. And also the facilitator leadership and mentor leadership are as proxy for the clan leadership. Based on three hundred cases such as export-driven small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), this study verify the hypothesis. Hypothesis was analyzed with the structural equation modeling. Results: In case of export-driven small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), clan leadership acts as a mediator in the relationship between hierarchy culture and organizational commitment. In case of export-driven small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) with high organizational commitment, clan leadership acts as a mediator in the relationship between hierarchy culture and organizational commitment. In case of export-driven small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) with low organizational commitment, clan leadership did not act as a mediator in the relationship between hierarchy culture and organizational commitment. Conclusions: By controlling for the mediating effect of clan culture, this study have improved the academic contributions as well as policy and practical implications through empirical study of clan leadership that affect organizational commitment in the fields of hierarchy culture. In addition, this study means that the mediating effects on the variables of clan leadership were examined.

구조물의 내진보강의 필요성이 대두되고 있지만 이를 담당하는 기관이나 사람은 내진구조 비전공자로 효과적으로 내진보강사업을 발주 및 관리, 감독하는데 어려움이 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기위해 분석적 계층화 프로세스를 이용하여 보강대상 건축물의 내진보강공법 우선순위를 제안하는 프로그램을 개발하였다. 이를 통해 담당자는 구조물별, 내진성능 부족요인 별 최적의 내진보강공법을 선정할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

The question of how and where adverbs are licensed has relatively been discussed less vigorously. It will be argued here that though the hierarchy suggested in Cinque(1999) reflects the cross-linguistic order of functional heads, it leaves room for a revision for the so-called sentential adverbs and the adverbs modifying NP/DP found in English and Korean. Based on the observations in Bogal-Allbritten(2014) and Lee(2008), the licensing relationship between the syntactic heads and adverbs suggested in Potsdam(1998) will be revised. Also, the hierarchy for adverbs suggested in 박(2000) will be slightly revised for the adverbs modifying NP/DP found in English and Korean.

Throughout the economic development era of Korea, migration occurred within a spatial hierarchy, with upward flows from rural areas to urban. The concept of step migration is a typical theory to explain these upward migration flows. Recent migration data and trends, however, indicate that migration-pattern regime shows strongly opposite-direction flows, with many of the major migration flowing downward on this national-spatial hierarchy, away from urban areas. In this study, we examine the most recent structure of migration flows up and down within the national-spatial hierarchy. We define seven tiers to tabulate origin-destination migration flows from population density of local administrative districts for the period 2001-2014, and then analyze the migration patterns between the tiers over time. The results show differentiated patterns of migration within the national-spatial hierarchy over time including specific states of migrants’ life cycles.

In this study, the relative importance for the perception of managers on the comprehensive rural village development projects was evaluated using the AHP method. The fields for evaluation were 4 fields including human relationships, working conditions, work compensation and work burnout. Also, the relative importance for the perception of managers and priority order were analyzed through 15 evaluation items. The analysis result shows that the human relationships among 4 fields were regarded as the most important field, followed by work compensation, working conditions and work burnout. Also, the relationship with the chairperson for the human relationships, continuity of employment for the working conditions, salary for work compensation, and mental stress for work burnout were considered respectively as the most important item. Also, salary among all evaluation items was considered as the most important item for the relative importance, followed by continuity of employment, relationship with village residents and mental stress. However, work load, consulting firms, impersonal treatment and the relations between the administration showed relatively low importance and priority order. It is considered that this analysis result will be used as important preliminary data for establishing the role of manager in the comprehensive rural village development project.

Recently, brand equity is paid much attention in various industries. However, container liner shipping companies are still unfamiliar with this concept, and also the brand equity model has not been tested yet in shipping context. This study, therefore, aims to measure the relative importance of brand equity factors of container liner shipping companies by employing AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). This study concludes that perceived quality, in particular cost-related service quality, is the most influential factor of brand equity, while weak support is found for brand association. In addition to this, group comparisons were conducted between shipping companies, freight forwarders and academics. The results will be useful as they firstly define brand equity and its role in shipping context, highlighting the significance of brand management to container liner shipping firms. This evaluation is not an end in itself, but will eventually be utilised as a tool to build competitive advantage which cannot be easily imitated by competitors.

The purposes of this study are to identify assessment items to evaluate riverfront for amenity and recreation and to analyze the relative importance of the items using Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). Total 15 items of 5 categories were identified through literature review and panel discussion. Based on the AHP analysis results, a weighted value was set for each of the layers in the hierachy. ‘Ecological Characteristics’ (0.333) was rated with the highest weighted value. followed by ‘Landscape Characteristics’(0.190) and ‘Physical Characteristics’(0.166). Among the assessment items, ‘Water Quality’ (0.152) and ‘River Naturality’(0.118) had higher weighted values. With the set of assessment items field assessments were carried out for Gyung-An Stream of Gyeonggi-Do to exam its applicability. Total 6 segments and 31 reaches out of the 22.5 km long river were evaluated and the mean scores of the five categories were converted into a percentile score for comparison. Overall, the segments which had higher scores were located close to neighborhood areas and had better connections with other historical and cultural amenities. Also, existing facilities was an important factor and needs to be considered for waterfront development.

This paper presents a new behavior planning scheme for autonomous robots, allowing them to handle various objects used in our daily lives. The key idea underlying the proposed scheme is to use affordance concepts that provide a robot with action possibilities triggered by a relation between the robot and objects around it. Specifically, the robot attempts to find the affordances and to determine the most adequate action among them. Through a series of the perception processes, robot motions can be planned and performed to complete assigned tasks. What is of particular importance from the practical point of view is a decision making capability to determine the best choice by comparing the human’s body characteristics and behavioral patterns as criteria with action possibilities as alternatives. For this, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique is employed to systematically evaluate the correlation between the criteria and the alternatives. Moreover, the alternatives arranged in order of priority through the decision making process enable the robot to have redundant solutions for the assigned task, resulting in flexible motion generation. The effectiveness and validity of the proposed scheme are verified by performing extensive simulations using objects of our daily use.

본 연구는 계층구조분석(AHP)을 적용한 운동발달평가 도구의 상대적 중요도를 제시하는 초기 연구로서 5-6세 남자 아동을 위한 대근운동발달 검사의 운동기술 요소 및 운동기술을 구성하는 수행기준에 대한 상대적 중요도를 분석하는 세부 목적이 있다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 전문가 집단을 대상으로 쌍대비교 방법을 이용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 자료분석은 Expert Choice 2000 및 Microsoft Office Excel 2007을 활용하여 일관성 검증을 통해 신뢰도와 상대적 중요도를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 대근운동발달검사지 대분류의 상대적 중요도는 이동기술(0.527)이 물체조작 기술(0.473)보다 다소 중요한 것으로 평가되었다. 대근운동발달 검사를 구성하는 이동기술에 있어서 상대적 중요도는 달리기(0.238), 홉(0.208), 슬라이드(0.165), 갤롭(0.152), 립(0.133), 제자리 멀리뛰기(0.103)의 상대적 중요도를 보였으며 물체조작 기술의 상대적 중요도는 받기(0.259), 오버핸드 던지기(0.234), 차기(0.183), 제자리 드리블(0.139), 언더핸드 던지기(0.093), 놓인 공치기(0.092)의 순으로 평가되었다. 끝으로 대근운동발달 검사지 전체항목의 상대적 중요도를 살펴본 결과, 받기 항목의 `공을 받기 위해 팔을 공이 오는 방향으로 뻗는다`, 달리기 항목의 `양발 모두 지면에서 떨어지는 비행구간이 있다`가 가장 높게 평가되었고 놓인 공치기 항목의 `주로 사용하는 손이 사용하지 않는 손 위에 있다`, `우타자 위치에 있는 아동의 왼쪽 어깨가 가상의 토스하는 사람을 향해 있다`가 가장 낮게 평가되었다. 이상의 결과는 운동발달 현장에서 5-6세 남자 아동의 대근운동 능력을 검사할 시 수행기준의 가중치를 반영한 세분화된 검사결과를 제시할 수 있는 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

현재 각 관리 주체별로 절토사면에 대한 유지관리를 시행하고 있으나 평가항목 및 평가모형이 다양하고 접근방법이 상호보완적이지 못하므로 보편성 및 객관성이 부족한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 기존 절토사면 평가기법에 대한 분석을 통하여 합리적인 모형개발을 위한 접근을 시도하고 붕괴사례 분석을 통하여 붕괴 주요원인 및 인자를 발굴하고 이를 계층분석기법(AHP)을 이용하여 기존 절토사면의 조사․평가단계에서 조사우선순위를 결정하기 위한 평가표를 작성하였다.

하천의 호안은 제방 또는 호안을 유수에 의한 파괴와 침식으로부터 보호하기 위한 구조물로서 과거에는 치수 목적만 갖고 기술자의 주관이나 경험적 판단에 기초해 공법을 선정함으로써 시공한 후 여러 문제점들이 발생하였다. 그러나 현재는 치수뿐만 아니라 환경적 측면이 강조되면서 자연형 호안이 필요하게 되고, 호안종류가 다양해져 호안 공법 선정시 보다 객관적이고 정량적인 해석방법이 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 호안공법 선정시 기존의 방법에서 문제가 되었던 주관

과거 대부분 하천에 적용된 계획하폭의 결정은 통수단면적 확보 등의 치수적인 목적만 갖고 경험공식과 기술자의 주관이나 경험적 판단으로 계획하폭을 선정하여 왔다. 그러나 현재에는 사회적, 경제적, 기술적, 환경적 요소를 종합적으로 고려된 최적의 계획하폭 선정이 요구되고 있으며, 또한 계획하폭의 계산결과에 따른 하폭거리의 다양성으로 확폭 결정시 객관적이며 정량적인 해석방법이 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 계획하폭 선정시 문제가 되는 주관적, 경험적 요소를