1992년 리우 환경개발회의에서 채택된 Agenda 21에서 방사성폐기물의 안전관리를 위한 정책방향이 결정된 후, 국제연합은 방사성폐기물 안전관리를 지속 가능한 발전의 범위에 포함하여 국제원자력기구의 주관 하에 관련 지표의 개발 및 적용을 추진하고 있다. 2002년 국제원자력기구는 방사성폐기물관리에 관한 지속가능 발전지표를 확정하고 현재 운영중인 방사성폐기물 데이터베이스 시스템인 NEWMDB와 연계하여 회원국의 방사성폐기물관리 체계 및 현황을 정량적인 지표로 평가할 예정이다. 본 논문에서는 방사성폐기물에 관한 지속가능 발전지표의 도입근거와 적용상의 한계점을 분석하고, 국제원자력기구가 제시한 지표의 평가방법과 표준화된 절차를 도식화하였다. 도출된 평가절차에 따라 우리나라를 포함한 주요 국가의 방사성폐기물관리 체계 및 현황자료를 이용하여 각 국의 방사성폐기물관리에 관한 지속가능 발전지표를 평가하고 그 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 또한 지표의 향상을 통해 국내 방사성폐기물관리의 지속 가능성을 제고할 수 있는 방안을 도출하였다.

This study was intended to collect the baseline information on dietary behavior of adults to develop nutrition education program in the context of health promotion at community level. Nutrients intake of 135 housewives were assessed by 24 hour recall methods. Also food habits, nutrition knowledge and attitude were investigated by self-administered questionnaires. Our results indicated dietary intake of calcium and vitamin B2 were insufficient when they were compared to Korean recommended dietary allowances(RDA). Among five food groups, intakes of milk and dairy product was inadequate as compared to the recommended amount. When we compared the fatness indices to self-evaluated meal problems, overeating and speedy eating were significantly related to fatness indices. Fatness indices such as relative body weight(RBW) and body mass index(BMI) were significantly higher in the subjects who self-evaluated their unsound food behavior as overeating. However, there were no significant differences of food habit score and nutrition knowledge among groups classified by fatness or meal problem. Body fat ratio, frequencies of night snack and skipping meal significantly increased with age. Food habit score was positively related to health-concerned attitude and active attitude toward change. We concluded that nutrition education program for housewives should include detailed strategies to modify unsound food behaviors for healthy weight.

The brightest stars in galaxies have been used as distance indicators since Hubble. However, the accuracy of the brightest stars for distance estimates has been controversial. Recently, Rozanski & Rowan-Robinson [1994 : MNRAS, 271, 530] argued large errors of this method for the distance determination : 0.58 mag and 0.90 mag, respectively, for the brightest red stars and the brightest blue stars, while Karachentsev & Tikhonov [1994 : A&A, 286, 718] suggested much smaller errors in the distance determination than the former: 0.37 mag for the brightest red stars and 0.46 mag for the brightest blue stars. The reasons for these conflicting results are not yet known. In this study we have investigated the accuracy of this method using a sample of 17 galaxies for which Cepheid distances are known and reliable photometry of the brightest stars are available. We have obtained the calibrations of the relations between the mean luminosities of the three blue and red brightest supergiants (BSGs and RSGs, respectively) and the total luminosities of the parent galaxies: < Mv(3)RSG >= 0.21MBT- 3.84, σ(Mv) = 0.37 mag, and δμ0 = 0.47 mag for the brightest red supergiants, and < MB(3)BSG >= 0.30MBT -3.02, σ(MB) = 0.55 mag, and δμ0 = 0.79 mag for the brightest blue supergiants. Also it is found that the errors in the distance determination are reduced by a factor of two, as the observing wavelengths increase from B-band to K-band. In conclusion, the brightest red supergiants are considered to be useful for determining the distances to resolved late-type galaxies.

In recent years, safety recalls have occurred frequently in the biopharmaceutical industry, which affects the health of consumers. This article attempts to use the fsQCA method to draw a conclusion through the study of ESG and its quantification system, as well as the study of data samples related to MES and GMP processes, that is, MES-DPT has a positive impact on process safety management, and GMP-DPT has a positive impact on process safety. Management has a positive and positive impact, and ESG-DPT has a positive and positive impact on process safety management. Finally, this article puts forward suggestions for improving ESG-DPT, MES-DPT, GMP-DPT and the biomedical ESG-DPT model. Future research hopes to further study ESG -DPT model and ESG biomedical industry indicators.

Research activities and discussions on specialized areas reflecting the specificity of landscape construction are necessary. Therefore, this study was conducted with the purpose of presenting basic data for efficient field management by deriving items necessary for safety management in landscape construction fields through experts' opinions. A survey was conducted using Delphi analysis to derive "management items" and "safety management items according to landscape type" for landscape construction field safety for a total of 15 landscape construction specialists. The survey results showed that four top items were derived from the "management items" for the safety of landscape construction fields; they include: "safety and health management organization and education," "industrial safety and health management expenses," "payment of personal protection," and "establishment of safety measures." In addition, two to five items for each higher item appeared and resulted in a total of 13 lower items. Personnel, organization, budget, etc. for safety management are always required in the field, and the monitoring part of whether these elements are working was also taken up as a management item. In the "Management items according to each landscape construction" a total of eight landscape type were distinguished, they include: ‘Reinforced concrete work’, ‘Masonry work’, ‘Plaster's work’, ‘Waterproof work’, ‘Stone masonry work’, ‘Pavement work’, ‘Facilities work’, and ‘Planting work’. Furthermore, two to seven sub-items for each construction type were derived, and a total of 35 management items were presented.

Lentinula edodes mushrooms cultivated under different relative humidities were wrapped at 4℃ and the results of storage characteristics were investigated. Changes in water content of fruiting bodies during the storage period showed the highest water content in fruit bodies harvested from the treatment with the highest relative humidity. The luminosity of the fresh fruiting bodies showed no significant change during the storage period, and the redness was higher in the relative humidity 95% treatment than in the other treatments. According to this study, the relative humidity of the pileus was 65%, and the content of Ergosterol was 0.67 ± 15 g / L at relative humidity of 65%, 80% and 95%. In addition, amino acid analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirmed that methionine was the main cause of changes in storage time and relative humidity.

This study aims to investigate the effects of restrictions in economic activity on the spread of COVID-19 in the Philippines. This research employs daily time-series data of confirmed new COVID-19 cases, Apple mobility trends (i.e., use of public transport to destinations, volume of people driving, and amount of walking to destinations) and Google community mobility (i.e., visits to transit stations, visits to workplaces, and staying-at-home) indicators covering the period February 17 to September 11, 2020. The analysis starts by establishing the correlation pattern of new confirmed COVID-19 daily infections to each independent variable. The results show negative linear correlation of the number of new COVID-19 daily infections with less visit to transit station, increase stay-at-home, less use of public transport, and less amount of walking to destinations. Interestingly, the number of new COVID-19 daily infections indicates some form of positive linear correlation with visits to workplaces and volume of people driving. Moreover, employing robust least square regression via the method of MM-estimation, major findings reveal that across mobility measures, staying-at-home has the highest impact on reducing the spread of COVID-19, followed by visiting transit stations less, less use of public transport, less amount of walking, and less workplace visits.

This study examines the poverty indicators in Northeast region of Thailand by adopting the global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) methodology and the national survey of Minimum Basic Needs (MBN) of Thailand. Data are collected from three different districts in Khon Kaen province namely: Khok Po Chai, Sam Sung, and Nam Pong. The sample size is 187 households. Data analysis uses Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression approach and includes 7 dimensions of poverty (health, environment, education, economy, Thai value, asset? empowerment, and digital literacy) with a total of 41 indicators. This study has found that poverty indicators in Khon Kaen province remains centered around the aspects of health and employment dimensions. While a change of family structure in the Thai society since 1960s reduces the family size, household saving substantially increases over the years. The effects of health dimension in poverty, on the other hand, appears on the other poverty dimension of Thai value, which include (1) a bad living habit of head of household (smoke or alcohol consumption) that links with illness and disease, (2) religious practice, and (3) chronic illness. Lastly, there are income gaps of different careers in the area, which suggests the issue of income inequality.

본 연구의 목적은 레이노 현상 의심 환자의 정량적 판독 보조 지표의 가능성을 확인하고자 하는 것이다. 레이노 현상 의심 환자 99명에서 가능성 낮음 48명, 중간 16명, 높음 35명을 대상으로 하였다. 검사는 15.2± 0.8°C 얼음물에 10분 간 양 손을 한랭 부하 후 99mTc 370 MBq(10 mCi)를 정맥 주사하였다. 이 후 5분, 10분, 20분 양측 열 손가락의 온도 변화를 측정하였고, 핵의학 판독의의 판독 결과와 온도 변화를 비교하였다. 판독 결과 레이노 현상의 가능성이 낮은 군은 손가락 온도가 32.6±4.9°C로 높게 측정되었고, 가능성이 높은 군은 22.7±6.0°C로 낮게 측정되었다(p<0.05). 결론적으로 레이노 현상 의심 증상에 따라 손가락 온도의 차이가 났음을 확인하였고 이를 통해 손가락 온도의 측정이 레이노 진단의 정량적 보조 지표로서의 가능성이 있음을 확인하였다.

Supramax bulk carriers cover a wide range of ocean transportation requirements, from major to minor bulk cargoes. Market forecasting for this segment has posed a challenge to researchers, due to complexity involved, on the demand side of the forecasting model. This paper addresses this issue by using technical indicators as input features, instead of complicated supply-demand variables. Artificial neural networks (ANN), one of the most popular machine-learning tools, were used to replace classical time-series models. Results revealed that ANN outperformed the benchmark binomial logistic regression model, and predicted direction of the spot market with more than 70% accuracy. Results obtained in this paper, can enable chartering desks to make better short-term chartering decisions.

EU는 순환경제로 진척상황을 평가하기 위한 지표를 확정하고 평가 지표별 추이를 모니터링하고 있다. 일본 역시 국내보다 앞서 순환형형성촉진기본법을 제정하여 시행하고 있고 폐기물관리 부문에서 자원순환으로의 진척상황을 평가하기 위한 지표가 운영되고 있다. 한편 국내는 순환경제 정책을 추진하고자 하는 의지를 확인할 수 있다. 바람직한 설정이다. 다만 이 같은 정책변화 노력과 함께 EU나 일본 사례와 같이 새롭게 도입된 정책이 잘 정착하였는지? 또는 진척이 있는지에 대한 평가지표를 통해 확인할 필요가 있다. 이러한 점에서 본 연구는 EU 일본 그리고 국내를 대상으로 평가지표 사례를 비교해보고 개선할 점이 있는지 살펴보았다. 국가별 평가지표 사례에서 국내 평가 지표 3가지는 출구(폐기단계)부문에 한정하고 있어 향후 순환경제사회실현을 위한 여러 시책 수립에 제한된 정보만을 제공할 것이다. 순환경제 사회를 구축하기 위해 얼마나 많은 자원을 채취, 소비, 폐기하고 있는지? 그리고 물질의 순환이용, 나아가 사회에 투입되는 물질 전반의 효율적인 이용을 판단하기 위해서는 입구 단계부터 파악하여야 하는 점에서 보면 現 목표 설정지표는 개선이 필요하다. 앞으로 추진하려는 순환경제 정책에 부합한 전략을 마련하고 그 전략에 부합한 평가지표를 설정할 필요가 있다.

The importance of information system evaluation has increased according to ICT development and this evaluation is required for objective verification. The aim of this study is to develop evaluation indicators for web-based information system and verify the availability of these evaluation indicators through applying to agricultural water integrated information system. This study finds and provides eight evaluation items and 64 indicators for a web-based information system using 3×3 Mandal-Art matrix that is a tool for creating creative ideas. These evaluation items are design, contents, navigation, stability, community, convenience, usefulness, and accuracy. Total 64 evaluation indicators were presented by deriving eight evaluation items for each using 9×9 Mandal-Art matrix. When evaluating information system using evaluation indicators, it can be identified the vulnerable items in the information system. Also, the comprehensive results of the information system could be understood when appearing a single score after weighting. In addition, it can also help to prepare a questionnaire for evaluation systematically.

EU WEEE, EU ErP, EU ELV, 국내 자원순환법 등 국내외 자원순환 관련 규제가 점차 강화됨에 따라 규제의 이행방안은 제품의 설계단계에서 원재료 사용량을 절감과 제품별 재활용률 목표치를 요구하고 있다. 현재 제품은 소비자의 다양한 기호 및 제품별 기능성을 부여하기 위해 재활용이 어려운 복합소재로 구성되어 있어 폐기단계에서 재활용이 어려운 실정이다. 재활용 용이 설계를 위해 기업별 제품 설계 가이드라인이 존재하나, 다양한 산업군에서 적용하기에는 방법론이 상이하여 전 산업에서 고려할 수 있는 가이드라인이 필요하다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 환경성 평가 항목을 중심으로 유니소재화 제품 평가 가이드라인을 개발하고, 전기전자제품을 적용한 사례를 제시하고자 한다. 유니소재화 제품 평가항목은 소재 종류 단순화, 재활용 가능성, 소재의 범용성, 체결 공수 최소화, 체결 종류 단순화, 구조 단순화, 순환자원 이용 가능성, 자원의 소비효율성으로 구성되며, 각 항목별 가중치는 전문가를 통한 AHP 기법을 적용하였다. 평가항목은 기존의 사후평가 항목을 기반으로 구성하였으며, 국내 자원순환법, EU에서 논의중인 자원효율성 표준 항목을 참고하여 개발하였다. A사 셋톱박스를 대상으로 유니소재화 제품 평가를 진행하여 적용가능성 여부를 판단하였고, 가중치가 높은 소재종류 단순화와 재활용가능성 항목은 각각 20점 만점에 14.2점, 16.4점으로 확인되었다. 종합점수는 100점 만점에 70.0점으로 유니소재화 제품 평가 결과는 적합으로 나타났다. 재활용 용이 설계를 위한 유니소재화 전략을 수립하는 기업들에게 평가 기준을 마련함으로써 전략 도출 방향을 제시하고 평가를 통해 제품의 실현 가능성을 점검할 수 있다. 그러나 환경성 중심의 평가로 인한 기술성의 차별성 및 경제적인 효과 등의 부재는 본 방법론의 평가를 통해 적용가능성 판단 후 별도의 비용편익분석 및 특허분석을 수행하여 보완할 필요가 있다.

The purpose of this study is to construct a quantitative evaluation method that can analyze the policy effectiveness with the construction of a implicit composite index incorporating spatial econometrics models. In order to propose a methodological framework for the program evaluation, this study conducts an empirical analysis with the application of the Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project (CRVDP) which explicitly claims to achieve comprehensive goal of community development. The present study pays particular attention to quantifying the composite evaluation index and drawing net effect through the application of a series of spatial econometrics models. The spatial unit of the analysis is drawn at Eup-Myeon level in rural areas in Korea, and the time horizon is in between 2005 and 2010. We utilize the Korean Agricultural Census data in 2005 and 2010. Three steps of methodological processes are needed to satisfy the objective of the present study. First, we apply factor analysis to construct the composite index that represents comprehensive settlement environment in rural area. The index should be matched with the main objective of the CRVDP. Second, we apply the derived index to a series of spatial econometrics model as dependent variable. Lastly, utilizing the estimated coefficients of the econometrics models, we apply decomposition technique to estimate CRVDP’s net effect from both cross-sectional and longitudinal perspectives. We find that the results of the decomposition analysis by the execution of the CRVDP are positively associated with the explicit object of the project.