이 논문은 항만국통제라는 유엔해양법협약상의 인류 보편적인 공익모델을 활용하여 정체된 남북협력관계를 푸는 단초를 제공하고자 한다. 유엔해양법협 약 제218조, 제219조, 제220조에 따른 항만국통제를 활용하여 지역적 협력체를 체결한다면 한반도의 평화적 분위기 조성이 성취될 수 있을 것이다. 2017년 1월 Polar Code가 발효됨에 따라서 북극의 북극항로와 북서항로는 통항의 증가에 직면할 것으로 예상된다. 항만국통제의 지역협력체는 본질적으로 해사안전과 환경보호를 목표를 위한 지역적 연계와 협력을 수반하며, 이러한 항만국통제를 활성화하기 위한 논의와 지역에 대한 정보교환은 남북관계를 평화롭게 하는데 기여할 것으로 기대한다. 2004년 남북해운합의서와 지역적 협력체 양해각서의 비(非)법적 구속력 등은 남북한 양자에게도 큰 부담을 주지 않고 유엔 및 미국 등의 북한제재법령과의 충돌가능성이 최대한 낮추게 된다. 따라서 남북한이 주도적으로『북극-동북아시아 항만국통제 지역적 양해각서』(Seoul-Pyongyang MOU)의 체결을 수행할 때 한반도를 둘러싼 긴장관계를 감소할 것이다. 새로운 항만국통제 지역협력체는 인명보호, 극지역 바다의 환경과 재산을 보호하는데 기여할 뿐만 아니라 이는 바다의 영역에서 북한을 객관화된 국제사회로 초대하는 진입문이 될 수 있다.

Despite existing chemotherapy and surgical resection strategies, salivary gland adenocarcinoma(AdCa NOS) is one of the major causes of mortality among malignant salivary gland tumors. New therapeutic measure are needed to improve the outcome for patients with AdCa. Overexpression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor/urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPAR-uPA) has been implicated in progression and metastasis of oral cancer. RNA interference(RNAi) which has emerged as an effective method to target specific genes for silencing has provided new opportunities for cancer therapy. But there has been rarely reported using RNAi-uPAR/uPA transfection in salivary gland AdCa. The purpose of this study were to examine the specific inhibition of uPAR/uPA mRNA and protein expression by RNAi transfection of uPAR/uPA through RT-PCR and Immunoslot blot, and to study tumor cell proliferation activity, adhesion, invasion and migration of SGT cell line in vitro compared to the controls. In adhesion assay, cells transfected with RNAi-uPAR/uPA inhibited markedly adhesion to vitronectin compared to parental cells. Angiogenic assays revealed a significant decrease in the angiogenic potential of SGT cells downregulated by both uPAR and uPA. In migration assay, suppressing uPAR and uPA inhibited the capacity of the cells to migrate compared to parental cells. In invasion assay, cells transfected with RNAi-uPAR/uPA showed the maximum decrease in invasion when compared to all other treatment conditions. RNAi expressing plasmids efficiently downregulated mRNA and protein expression of uPAR and uPA. Cell cycle analysis showed that the simultaneous downregulation of uPAR and uPA caused the accumulation of cells in the sub-G0/G1 phase in SGT cells. Immunoslot blot analysis revealed that downregulation of uPAR and uPA caused the prominent activation of caspase 8. It suggested that the RNAi targeting of the uPAR/uPA system could have a therapeutic potentiality for malignant salivary gland tumors.

아열대 지역 적응 자포니카 중간모본 밀양375의 주요 농업 적 특성 및 품질관련 특성을 분석한 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 아열대지역인 국제미작연구소에서 밀양375는 파종 후 85 일에 출수하였다. MS11보다 11일정도 늦었고, 아열대지역의 표준품종인 IR64호와 비슷하였다. 2. 주요 농업적 특성 및 수량성을 분석한 결과는 밀양375의 간장은 74.9 cm로 자포니카 품종인 MS11보다 약 5.2 cm 정도 큰 편이였고, 쌀수량은 346 kg/10 a로 MS11의 수량 262 kg/10 a보다 32% 증수되었고, IR64의 수량 337 kg /10 a와 비숫하였다. 3. 주요 품질관련 특성을 분석한 결과, 밀양375는 장폭비 1.78정도의 단원립이면서, 단백질 함량이 낮고, 아밀로스 함량 이 낮아 찰기가 양호하며, 밥의 윤기가 높은 계통이였다. 4. 주요 농업적 특성의 상관분석 결과 쌀수량과 출수기 (0.899). 수당립수(0.851), 간장 (0.832) 및 수장(0.685) 순으로 정의 상관관계를 나타내었고, 수수와 천립중은 부의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 5. phylogenetic tree를 분석한 결과는 밀양375는 국내 육성 자포니카 중만생종과 같은 그룹으로 분류되었으며, 아열대 지역 적응 자포니카 품종인 MS11과 다른 그룹으로 분류되었다. 따라서, 아열대 지역 자포니카 품종 육성을 위한 새로운 중간 모본으로 활용성이 높은 것으로 판단된다.

We demonstrate the subsurface origin of the observed evolution of the solar active region 10930 (AR10930) associated with merging and breakup of magnetic polarity regions at the solar surface. We performed a magnetohydrodynamic simulation of an emerging magnetic flux tube whose field-line twist is asymmetrically distributed along its axis, which is a key to merging and fragmentation in this active region. While emerging into the surface, the flux tube is subjected to partial splitting of its weakly twisted portion, forming separate polarity regions at the solar surface. As emergence proceeds, these separate polarity regions start to merge and then break up, while in the corona sigmoidal structures form and a solar eruption occurs. We discuss what physical processes could be involved in the characteristic evolution of an active region magnetic field that leads to the formation of a sunspot surrounded by satellite polarity regions.

At a two phase flow, according to gas and liquid phase flow rates, various flow regimes are developed such as bubbly, slug/plug, churn, annular, droplet flow and so on. At a two phase flow in small scaled channels, among various flow regimes, the intermittent flows such as bubbly, slug/plug flow are developed in the broad regions of two phase flow pattern map. In particular, the flow regimes are influenced by surface wettability. In a case of slug flow in hydrophobic small scaled channels, gas and liquid phases are perfectively separated by interfaces and contact line. The pressure drop of the two-phase flow is largely generated at moving contact line. Therefore, to well design two-phase flow system with small scales, it is important to estimate the pressure drop at moving contact line. In this study, on the basis of previous research, the pressure drop at moving contact line is experimentally measured for a various fluids (0-40% water-ethanol mixtures). And, the previous correlation to estimate pressure drop at moving contact line is verified by experimental data. In an addition, we discuss interfacial broken phenomena of slug flow in a minichannel. (D=1.555mm).

엔드라인 폭연방지기는 수직 환기장치에 폭연방지와 함께 대기방출을 하도록 한다. 엔드라인 폭연방지장치는 선박과 같은 산업현장의 다양한 분야에 적용된다. 폭연방지기에서 스프링은 스프링 부하와 스프링의 탄성이 후드 개방 모멘트를 결정하므로 필수 부품 이다. 더욱이, 장치 내 스프링은 고온의 상태에서도 작동해야 한다. 따라서, 폭연이 나타나기 시작할 때 스프링의 기계적 하중과 탄성을 분석할 필요가 있다. 이 연구에서는 엔드라인 폭연방지기의 작동 프로세스의 시뮬레이션을 기반으로 열 및 구조해석을 수행하으며, 스프링의 3차원 모델은 CFD 시뮬레이션을 이용하였다. CFD 해석은 FEM 시뮬레이션 값을 입력하여 스프링 구조를 분석한다. 본 연구에서는 스프링 부하의 43 kg, 93 kg 및 56 kg 세 가지 경우 즉, 150 mm 스프링 디플렉션에 부합하도록 집중적으로 관찰하였다. 결과적으로, 1,000℃ 가열조건 하에서 5분 후에 스프링 부하가 10 kg 감소했다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 연소 시간 변화에 따라 스프링의 부하와 탄성을 예측하고 추정할 수 있었다. 또한, 연구의 결과는 폭연방지기의 제조자들에게 역화방지장치뿐만 아니라 스프링의 설계를 최적화하기 위한 참고 자료로 활용할 수 있다.

Ice accumulation on Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced(ACSR) cable during winter is an important matter in terms of safety, economy, and efficient power supply. In this work, the ice adhesion strengths of ACSR cable oxidized during different periods(7 years oxidized and 15 years oxidized) are evaluated. At first, a plate type dry oxidation standard specimen, whose surface characteristics are similar to those of ACSR cable, is prepared. Dry oxidation standard specimens are heat-treated at 500 °C for 20, 60, and 120 minutes in order to obtain different degrees of oxidation. After the dry oxidation, surface properties are analyzed using contact angle analyzer, atomic force microscopy, spectrophotometer, and gloss meter. The ice adhesion strengths are measured using an ice pull-off tester. Correlations between the surface properties and the ice adhesion strength are obtained through a regression analysis indicating a Boltzmann equation. It is revealed that the ice adhesion strength of 15- year oxidized ACSR cable is approximately 8 times higher than that of ACSR-bare.

The Port of Pyeong Taek is located on the west coast, meaning that the difference between the rise and fall of tide is great (flood tide 1.8 to 2.9 knots, ebb tide 1.6 to 2.9 knots). Due to mainly N~NW’ly strong winds & high waves during winter, navigating as well as loading & discharging vessels must focus on cargo handling. The strong tidal and wind forces in the Port of Pyeong Taek can push an LNG carrier away from its berth, which will end up causing forced disconnection between the vessel’s cargo line and shore-side loading arm. The primary consequence of this disconnection will be LNG leakage, which will lead to tremendous physical damage to the hull and shore-side equipment. In this study, the 125K LNG Moss Type ship docked at No. 1 Pier of the Pyeong Taek is observed, and the tension of the mooring line during cargo handling is calculated using a combination of wind and waves to determine effective mooring line and mooring line priority management. As a result if the wind direction is 90° to the left and right of the bow, it was found that line monitoring should be performed bearing special attention to the Fore Spring Line, Fore Breast Line, and Aft Spring Line.

Background : Although plank exercises is reported to the changes in muscle activity of the deep muscles and superficial muscles among the core muscles. However, no study has examined the effects of forearm plank exercise on tone and stiffness in the superficial back line muscle. Objective: To compare the effects of sling forearm plank exercises and mat forearm plank exercises on the superficial back line muscle tone and stiffness. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial (single blind) Methods: The subjects were randomized to sling forearm plank exercise group (N = 8) or mat forearm plank exercise group (N = 8). The measurements were taken for each research group following exercises: the muscle tone and stiffness of upper lumbar muscles, lower lumbar muscles, long head of biceps femoris, and medial part of gastrocnemius among the superficial back line muscles. Results: Sling forearm plank exercise group Indicated statistically significant increases in stiffness of medial part of gastrocnemius (p<.05). However, mat forearm plank exercise group reported no statistically significant in muscle tone and stiffness of all measured muscles. No significant differences in measured variables were found between the groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that the forearm plank exercise performed with an unstable surface in the defined sling can increase the stiffness of calf muscle, but it is unlikely to achieve increases in muscle tone and stiffness of the overall superficial back line muscles.

The PCA’s decision refusing historic rights concerning the 9-DL cannot be enforced because the decision advantaging the Philippines has already been rejected by China. It, however, may be as a reference for some states to negotiate, since an optimistic atmosphere emerges among the disputing parties. The readiness for negotiation among them clearly requires that parties should not have rigid attitudes but should show flexibility based on the reciprocity principle. On one side, the PRC should set aside its typical intention to dominate most parts of the South China Sea as its traditional fishing ground based on historic rights concerning the 9-DL. On the other side, the Philippines should guarantee the regional stability and peace without questioning the real sovereignty of the PRC over several natural features, possibly related to the 9-DL claimed as its historic rights. The 9-DL is incompatible with the UNCLOS.

This paper develops an algorithm to determine the batch size of the batch process in real time for improving production and efficient control of production system with multiple processes and batch processes. It is so important to find the batch size of the batch process, because the variability arising from the batch process in the production system affects the capacity of the production. Specifically, batch size could change system efficiency such as throughput, WIP (Work In Process) in production system, batch formation time and so on. In order to improve the system variability and productivity, real time batch size determined by considering the preparation time and batch formation time according to the number of operation of the batch process. The purpose of the study is to control the WIP by applying CONWIP production system method in the production line and implements an algorithm for a real time batch size decision in a batch process that requires long work preparation time and affects system efficiency. In order to verify the efficiency of the developed algorithm that determine the batch size in a real time, an existed production system with fixed the batch size will be implemented first and determines that batch size in real time considering WIP in queue and average lead time in the current system. To comparing the efficiency of a system with a fixed batch size and a system that determines a batch size in real time, the results are analyzed using three evaluation indexes of lead time, throughput, and average WIP of the queue.

벼의 Lipoxygenase-3 (LOX-3)는 벼의 저장 후 종자 수명과 고미취 발생에 관련이 있다. LOX-3 결핍은 저장 후 종자수명 향상과 고미취 발생 저감에 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 국내 대면적 재배 품종인 새누리의 근동질계통으로 LOX-3가 결핍된 전주624호의 고온 저장 후 종자 수명과 고미취 관련 특성을 분석함으로써 LOX-3 결핍 대립유전자 도입에 따른 저장 후 효과를 구명하고자 수행되었다. 건열 처리 및 고온 저장 후 발아율 검정에서 LOX-3 결핍 자원인 다우담과 전주624호가 LOX-3 보유 품종인 남평과 새누리에 비해 발아율이 높았다. 고온 저장 후 지방산가 함량은 저장 전후 모두 전주624호가 가장 낮았고, 함량 차이는 다우담(2.0 KOH mg/100g), 전주624호(2.2), 남평(4.0), 새누리(4.2) 순으로 LOX-3 결핍 자원이 LOX-3 보유 품종에 비해 적었다. 고온 저장 후 LOX 효소 활성은 저장 전후 모두 다우담이 가장 낮았고, 활성 차이는 다우담(4.8 unit/mg protein), 전주 624호(8.9), 남평(20.30), 새누리(22.72) 순으로 LOX-3 결핍자원이 LOX-3 보유 품종에 비해 적었다. 고온 저장 후 hexanal 함량은 저장 전후 모두 전주624호가 가장 낮았고, 함량 차이는 전주624호(1,333 peak), 다우담(1,839), 새누리(5,238), 남평(36,427) 순으로 LOX-3 결핍 자 원이 LOX-3 보유 품종에 비해 적었다. 전주624호는 새누리 유전 배경에 LOX-3가 결핍된 근동질계통으로 저장 후 종자 수명 향상과 고미취 저감효과가 확인되었다. 이를 통해 LOX-3 결핍 대립유전자의 도입은 저장 후 종자 수명 향상과 고미취 저감에 효과가 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

본 연구는 백두대간(닭목령-댓재 구간) 마루금 주변을 대상으로 식물사회학적 식생유형분류, 층위별 중요치와 평균 상대우점치, 종다양도, CCA 분석을 통해 산림식생구조를 파악하기 위하여 2017년 5월부터 9월까지 총 245개소의 산림식생조사를 실시하였다. 식생유형분류 결과, 8개의 식생단위로 구분되었으며 최상위 수준에서 신갈나무군락군, 신갈나무군락군은 층층나무군락, 회양목군락, 조릿대군락, 분비나무군락, 신갈나무전형군락으로 세분되었고, 층층나 무군락은 다시 떡갈나무군, 터리풀군, 일본잎갈나무군, 층층나무전형군으로 세분되었다. 중요치 분석결과, 식생단위 1에서 떡갈나무가 19.1, 식생단위 2는 신갈나무가 22.7, 식생단위 3은 일본잎갈나무가 27.6, 식생단위 4∼8은 신갈나무가 각각 38.3, 25.6, 41.3, 27.9, 41.6으로 가장 높게 나타나 백두대간(닭목령-댓재 구간) 마루금 주변이 신갈나무군락 으로 대표되는 것으로 사료되었다. 종다양도는 식생단위 1과 2가 3.305, 3.236으로 다른 식생단위에 비하여 상대적으로 높게 나타났으며, 높은 출현종수에 의한 영향 때문인 것으로 사료되었다. CCA분석 결과, 생물적 환경요인과 식생 유형과의 상관관계는 식생단위 1과 교목성 식물 비율, 덩굴성 식물 비율이 상관관계를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났고, 비생물적 환경요인과 식생유형과의 상관관계는 식생단위 7이 해발과 상관관계를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 적으로, 식생단위 5의 회양목군락은 석회암 지대의 종조성과 입지환경으로 유형화되어 지질학적 특성상 다양한 식물이 자생하고 있는 지역이며, 식생단위 7의 분비나무군락은 아고산식생으로 유형화되어 지질시대에 살았던 유존종과 고유종 또는 특산종이 많이 분포하는 지역으로 나타나 이들 단위에 대한 차별화된 생태적 관리방안이 필요할 것으로 사료되었다.

Autophagy is recently receiving the spotlight as the development strategy for promising anticancer drugs. In particular, the majority of anticancer drugs originating from natural products are known to induce autophagy. Saururus chinensis has been used for treating various inflammatory diseases. Recent research has revealed that the extract of Saururus chinensis possess cytotoxicity for various types of human cancer cells. However, the exact action mechanism of Saururus chinensis extract for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been studied yet. Therefore, the authors of this research aim to study the effect of methanol extract of S. chinensis (MESC) on OSCC cells. To observe the cell proliferation inhibitory effect of MESC on HSC3 cells, the authors conducted the trypan blue exclusion assay. Also, the action mechanism of MESC was studied by conducting the cell cycle analysis, acidic vesicular organelle (AVO) staining and flow cytometry analysis, monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining, propidium iodide staining, and Western blotting on MESC-treated HSC3 cells. When HSC3 cells were treated in MESC, the cell proliferation was suppressed in time-dependent and dose-dependent manners. Also, the number of sub-G1 arrested cells increased in a dose-dependent manner. MDC punctate and AVO puncta significantly increased respectively. Western blot analysis demonstrated the expression of autophagy-related proteins increased, but apoptotic proteins were not observed. Also, the pAkt protein was reduced, while the p-p38 protein and pERK protein increased. According to our results, MESC induced autophagy and accompanied changes in the cell cycle in HSC3 cells. Also, the alteration in Akt, ERK, and p38 pathways were confirmed. This result suggested the possibility of MESC as the new promising adjuvant for treating OSCC patients.