식민주의의 억압 하에서 예이츠와 소월은 문학과 민족의 정체성을 연계하여 민족정신을 다시 불러일으키려 한다. 두 시인은 신화와 민담에서 민족의 정신적인 근원을 찾아내고 이를 시에 담는다. 예이츠는 정신적 힘을 지닌 신화와 민담을 통해 아일랜드를 “상상의 공동체”로서 창조한다. 반면 소월은 신화와 민담에서 식민주의에서 고통 받는 민족의 고통을 실제적으로 환기시킴으로써 역설적으로 민족의 정신을 고취한다.

Recently, we see almost everyday in our society the non-educative incidents such as corruption and evasion of the law are reported in the media which were committed by a group called leadership of society. In this circumstances, we would like to review the meaning of nation and the role of intellectuals. First of all, nation may connote many meanings but primarily we can understand its image from the aspect of community conception. Even though, with the stream of times, our understanding of nation is changing and is expressed through diversified theories, the nature of community is not changing. But such community is definitely not a general one and has no basic legitimacy. But it is based only on freedom, equality, justice and publicness, and materialized in the concept of human rights and the realization of humanity. This materialization is continuously and newly established and criticized by the role and function of nation and the justification of nation's power. Therefore nation should be a supreme ruling group, and at the same time a minimum ruling group to individuals. The nation's role and justification should accompany universal understanding about human, and its existence shall be justified by the activities for these. And it shall be given when it protects touches of humanity and guarantees the rights to live like a human being and disengagedness. Then what shall be the role of intellectuals in the above mentioned 'nation'? First of all, the intellectuals transcend educated people. The intellectuals mean educated people who are participating public domain on the basis of their knowledge and philosophical view. In other words, the role of intellectuals of this generation requires understanding of diversified community type, enhancing duplicating spirit of community and establishing directivity for this. The intellectuals shall have roles of criticism and warning when nation's reason for being is not achieved and nation has lost its justification by abandoning common good, human rights and principle of justice. That shall be a performance of the very role of intellectuals, which they are criticizing and correcting nation's abandonment of its reason of existence and nation's power turns to operating as violence. The relationship between nation and intellectuals of this generation shall position in realizing touches of humanity with universal intelligence and in maintaining and realizing necessary spirit of community. This is an understanding of universal humanity and universal community spirit, and means the materialization process of such understanding.

Gyeongbuk Agricultural Technology Administration carried out the nation opinion research to mushroom industry in 115 of the citizen and the provincials from 10/17/2008 to 10/18/2008. Which was for both grasping the citizen’s opinion and habits and understanding farmers’. The result of the research is the following. 37.4 percent people preferred Lentimus edodes among the all respondents and 27.0 percent preferred Flammulina velutipes. As for the purchasing place, 57.4 percent buy them in large retail stores, 40.9 percent buy them in traditional markets. 67 percent of the respondents mainly use them in fall, 31.3 percent use them in winter. 88.7 percent of them mainly eat the mushrooms at home, 11.3 percent is at restaurants. 63.5 percent of them responded that the price of mushrooms was resonable, 26.1 percent answered that was expensive. In appearance, 27 percent of them chose yellow Flammulina velutipes as a goodlooking mushroom, 19.1 percent chose Lentimus edodes .

버섯산업의 활성화 자료를 제공하고, 정책수요를 발굴하기 위해 버섯산업에 대한 국민의식조사를 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가. 전체 응답자 중 37.4%가 표고, 27.0%가 팽이, 16.5%가 느타리라고 응답한 반면, 6.1%가 영지버섯, 8.7%가 상황버섯이라고 응답한 것으로 볼 때 대중화된 식용버섯을 식용으로 선호하였다. 나. 57.4%가 대형마트, 40.9%가 재래시장이라고 응답한 반면, 2.6%가 백화점, 5.2%가 소매점이라고 응답한 것으로 볼 때 대부분의 버섯소매유통이 대형마트와 재래시장에서 이뤄지고 있다. 다. 67%가 가을, 31.3%가 겨울이라고 응답한 반면, 20.9%가 봄, 22.6%가 여름이라고 응답한 것으로 볼 때 가을철에 많은 비중이 소비되지만 봄, 여름철에도 적지 않은 양이 소비되는 것을 알 수 있으며 버섯은 연중 소비되는 농산물로 인식하고 있다. 라. 88.7%가 가정집, 11.3%가 식당이라고 응답한 반면, 1.76%만이 야외라고 응답한 것으로 볼 때 가정주부들을 대상으로 한 소규모의 포장기술개발 및 식당에서의 소비촉진을 위한 홍보를 강화할 필요성이 있다고 생각된다. 마. 63.5%가 보통이다, 26.1%가 비싸다고 응답한 반면, 2.6%가 매우 비싸다, 4.3%가 싸다, 1.7%가 매우 싸다고 응답한 것으로 볼 때 현재의 버섯가격은 보통이라고 인식하고 있다. 바. 27.0%가 황금팽이, 19.1%가 표고, 16.5%가 영지라고 응답한 반면, 2.6%가 만가닥버섯, 7%가 목이버섯, 새송이가 10.4%라고 응답한 것으로 볼 때 유색의 버섯을 관상용으로 선호하며, 무채색의 버섯 및 아직 대중화되지 않은 버섯은 관상용으로 선호하지 않음을 알수 있다.

주5일 근무제가 확대되어 국민의 여가시간이 증가되고 소득수준이 향상됨에 따라 해양레저스포츠에 대한 국민들의 관심이 높아가고 있다. 지자체들도 전시회, 국제요트대회 등을 경쟁적으로 개최하고 대규모 투자를 추진하고 있다. 그러나 우리나라는 선진국의 수요패턴과 달리 수요가 크게 늘어나지 않고 있다. 그동안 해양레저스포츠의 활성화를 위하여 스포츠관점에서는 많은 연구가 이루어졌으나 산업적 관점에서 산업환경 요인에 대한 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 해양레저스포츠산업에 영향을 미치는 경제적, 사회적 환경 등 환경요인을 고찰한다. 이를 위해 해양레저스포츠산업을 둘러싸고 있는 산업환경 요인을 해양레저스포츠산업의 주요성장 지표인 인구 천명당 레저보트(요트 모타보트) 보유척수와의 상관관계로 분석하였다. 마지막으로 선진국과의 해양레저스포츠산업 환경요인을 비교분석하여 우리나라 해양레저스포츠산업의 발전을 위한 방향을 제시하고자 한다.

Throughout her plays, Christina Reid explores the lives of women in Belfast and successfully offers a bold interrogation of other facets of Belfast history from a Protestant women’s perspective. Reid’s examination of the politics, entrenched in the private and public lives of Northern Irish women, is the central focus of The Belle of the Belfast City. In the play, the current political unrest in Northern Ireland is set in relation to sexual and racial minorities, which in turn, are enforced by the misogyny embedded in sectarian violence and religious dogmatism. Far from simplifying these questions, Reid takes extra care to show how the familial, social and political facets are all connected to the perpetuation of the prejudice surrounding idea of the Other and the nation. In addition to this, this play also combines the experience of exile in relationship to gender and sectarian violence through the stories of Belle, Dolly’s half-black granddaughter. As a narrator and inheritor of the matrilineal heritage, Belle by her existence raises questions about the national and racial categorizations of politics. In this play, while male authority uses the female body to marginalize and exploit it, Reid successfully turns the victimized female body into a site of resistance and subversion of that authority. In addition to the family photographs, the songs and dances that are performed through the medium of the female body are unmistakably subversive. While the female voice and body within Jack’s idea of nation are objects of repression and silence, however, the women’s bodies and voices are freed and released in the ritual of female bonding that celebrates the subversive potential of the feminine body. With these theatrical devices, Reid carefully depicts and subverts the portraits of women whose roles and images have been imagined in the discourse of conflict-ridden Belfast.

This paper examines the ways in which Yeats constructs and idealizes his Anglo-Irish Identity. After bitter disputes over Synge's plays he realized the insoluble opposition between the Irish Catholic and the Anglo-Irish, which meant his failure to unify Ireland through his Celtic Romanticism. He needed to make a new poetics to justify his predicament and to form a new identity. He creates, in his essays and poems, the identity and tradition of the Anglo-Irish from Burke through Swift, Goldsmith, Parnell to Synge and Yeats, the intellectuals who tried to enlighten the native Irish people only to fail and be isolated from them. According to Yeats, the reason the Anglo-Irish intellectuals had to meet the same fate in Ireland is due to the ignorance and sectarian hate of native Catholic Irish people. Although the Anglo-Irish always become victims, their defeat is considered by Yeats to be inescapable and even worthier than success in the reality where ignorance prevails. This is the discourse of tragic heroism. Yeats constructed the identity that is based on the dichotomy between the few Anglo-Irish and the Irish people, by which he attributes culture to the one, and nature to the other. Here culture is supposed to be superior to nature and that sense of superiority rests on the ability to culturalize nature. Yeats connected the culture with breeding which means being cultivated by discipline and education. In writing, it was through his poetics of mask, what he called “the sense of style,” that he could overcome his rage and hate to the mass and futhermore transform them to the higher virtues such as reason, manners and beauty. As the poems dealing with the Anglo-Irish big house and the Thoor Ballylee show, in their tradition what they have inherited is a heroic spirit of overcoming and transforming the adversity each generation has faced. Some critics have asserted Yeats shows de-mystifying recognition when he reveals his ancestors' illicit and unjust violence to the native Irish in the past. But we have to note that it finally leads to justifying his Anglo-Irish violence, for he thought it had been transformed by their overcoming spirit and efforts into order and culture whereas the violence of the Irish mass resulted into disorder and chaos. David Lloyd's opinion needs to be reconsidered in this regard. He praised Yeats's de-mystifying insights in some later poems and asserted, borrowing Paul de Man's terms, his writing is allegorical rather than symbolic. But in the poems he cited Yeats seems to be more interested in heroicizing and idealizing his Anglo-Irish identity and tradition. Yeats's Anglo-Irish identity should be understood as an response to the changed reality and is formed by his peculiar writing or representation.

This paper discusses the Korean urban space by focusing on capital cities and how they structure the Korean “meta-nation”, i.e. this very unique cultural space, attached to the locus of the Korean peninsula and coherent over the historical longue durée, currently split into two States and fragmented into great diasporic communities, which positions are determined by political polarization. It is based on the analysis of geographical discourse on Korean “capital cities”, and “capitalness”, as the quality of some cities able to take on the power that comes with a central political role, even if they are not or no longer the current capital, in various secondary sources in English and Korean. Next to the great capitals of Korean geo-history (hyper-capitals of the present States, Pyongyang and Seoul, or legitimizing historical capital cities such as Kaesong and Kyŏngju), de-capitalized cities such as Suwŏn, forgotten or marginalized capitals, such as Puyo, or Kongju) form an archipelago of capitals. This archipelago of “hyper-capitals” and “shadow capitals” is scattered not only across the peninsula itself, but is also connected to many capital cities of the Korean diaspora: from the North American diaspora’s Koreatown in Los Angeles to the Central Asian diaspora’s Almaty in Kazakhstan.

The Wanpaoshan Incident that took place in 1931 and the tragic Anti-Chinese Riots that ensued in Korea had great repercussions in the three countries of East Asia. Writers in Korea, China and Japan fictionalized these events concurrently or a few years after the incident. In the other of publication, the novelette Manpozan (October 1931) by Ito Einesuke, a Japanese writer, the novel Wanpaoshan (March 1933) by Li Huiying of China, the novelette “Farmer” (July 1939) by Yi T’ae-Chun of Korea, novella Rice Plant (1941) by An Su-Kil of Korea and the novel Reclamation (1943) by Chang Hyŏk-Chu of Korea were major examples. This article, using four novels – Ito Einosuke’s Manpozan, Li Huiying’s Wanpaoshan, Yi T’ae-Chun’s “Farmer”, and An Su-Kil’s Rice Plant – as main texts, analyzed the ways in which writers from Korea, Japan and China fictionalized the Wanpaoshan Incident. The four novels dealing with the Wanpaoshan Incident were all written from different perspectives and thus the emphases were different as well. The writers responded differently, and we will show how the writer’s national identity, ideology, and the existence of experience and its depth were articulated in the fictionalization process of a literary work.

The Characteristics of water catchment terrain on the cut-slopes of general nation road was analyzed. As the water catchment terrain increased the frequency defects on slopes are increased, and it shows a linear increase pattern. As a results of analyzing the location of water catchment terrain, when the intersection line of water catchment terrain located in the slopes the frequency defects were higher then it located top of slopes. also the types of defects were different.

최근 수자원 취약성에 대한 논의 및 지속가능한 개발 개념에 적합한 지수 개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 지수를 바탕으로 현재 또는 미래의 수자원 취약성을 판단하고 진단하고 있다. 본 연구는 자료의 확보가 가능한 World Bank, 취약성-탄력성지수(Vulnerability Resilience Indicator, VRI), 환경지속가능성지수(Environmental Sustainability Index, ESI)에서 사용된 수자원 평가 관련 지표들을 활용하여 우리나라를 포함한 전 세계 152개 국가의 수자원 취약성 순위를 도출했다. 이러한 지표를 바탕으로 수자원 취약성의 정량적 평가를 위해 TOPSIS(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) 기법을 적용하여 국가 별 수자원 취약성을 지수화하고 취약성 순위를 도출하였다. 연구결과 우리나라는 152개국 중 88위로 나타났고, 대륙 별 비교 시 오세아니아가 취약성이 낮았고, 아프리카는 취약성이 심각한 것으로 나타났다. 주요 국가 비교 시, 미국, 일본, 우리나라, 중국 순으로 취약성의 정도가 심각했다. 따라서 본 연구는 국가 별 수자원 취약성 순위를 통해 우리나라의 상황을 파악하고 국가의 수자원 계획 수립 및 대책을 제시할 수 있는 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.