목적 : 학령전기 아동의 글씨 쓰기 특징을 알아보고 글씨 쓰기 명료도와 시지각 능력과의 상관관계를 확인하며, 글씨 쓰기 명료도에 영향을 주는 요인을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 한국형 덴버 발달 판별 검사를 통하여 정상 발달로 판별된 49명의 학령전기 아동(평균 연령=67.0개월, SD=3.4)을 대상으로 글씨 쓰기 명료도 측정을 위하여 자모 쓰기 검사지를 사용하여 자음과 모음을 모사하도록 하였으며, 시지각 및 시각-운동 통합 수행 능력 측정을 위하여 한국판 시지각 발달 검사를 사용하였다. 결과 : 글씨 쓰기 특징은 확산, 선 변형, 직각이탈 순으로 오류를 범하는 아동이 많았으며, 상하역전과 좌우역전에 어려움을 보이는 아동은 없었다. 글씨 쓰기 명료도는 전반적인 시지각 능력과 양호한 수준의 상관관계를 나타냈고, 특히 운동성이 요구되는 시각-운동 통합 척도 중 눈-손 협응, 따라 그리기, 시각-운동 속도와 양호한 수준의 상관관계를 보였다. 회귀 분석 결과 글씨 쓰기 명료도에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 요인은 눈-손 협응과 따라 그리기였다. 결론 : 5～6세 학령전기 아동의 글씨 쓰기 능력에 있어 특히, 비운동성 시지각 보다는 시각-운동 통합 능력의 발달을 향상시키기 위한 중재를 제공하는 것이 자모 따라 쓰기 능력(명료도)을 향상시킬 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있다.

This study was conducted to develop and evaluate food menus after investigating eating behaviors and food preferences of preschool children. Parents of the preschool children In 2 Gumi City day-care centers completed questionnaires in July 2003, which were used to assess eating behaviors and food preferences of their preschool children. Analysis of the questionnaires led to the development of the menus. Menus (n=10) were developed for five different categories (two menus were developed for each category) including general menu, unbalanced menu, anemia menu, obese menu, and traditional menu. The preschool children(n=656) evaluated the menus as they were provided with each them throughout October 2003. The five score scale method was used to evaluate taste, smell, looks, texture and general preference of each menu. Results in eating behaviors showed that 70.7% of preschool children had unbalanced eating behaviors. No gender based differences in eating behaviors were found, but in regard to food preferences boys tended to prefer carbonated drinks more than girls. Results indicated that among all menus, fruit ranked highest (3.97±0.65) for food preference, and vegetables ranked lowest for food preference (2.46±0.68). Food preference in regard to cooking process indicated the highest preference was for fried foods (3.80±0.68) and the lowest preference was for raw vegetables (2.61±1.27) and namul (2.85±1.13). Preference for taste ranked the highest (4.30±0.91) but preference for looks recorded the lowest (3.95±0.89). Of all the foods in the menus, steamed tofu rated the highest for individual food item preference, while tuna sesame leaf rice rated the lowest preference. Statistical analysis of interrelationships among food taste, smell, looks, texture and general preference were significant (p〈0.0l). Results from this study suggest that various factors including food taste, smell, looks, and texture influence the food preferences of preschool children. Therefore, it is concluded that by developing a variety of appetizing menus for use at home and in day-care centers, containing varied food items and cooking methods, preschool children will be encouraged to increase their food preferences and to establish appropriate eating behaviors.

This study was conducted to investigate eating behaviors of preschool children for development their snack. Eating habit, preference and nutritional state were investigated using a questionnaire answered by teachers of day-care centers, 548 preschool children(aged 4 to 6 years old) and their mothers. It was found that 93.6% of subjects thought children need to eat snacks not only at day-care center but also at home. For children, snacks clearly played an important role in dietary nutritional intake The frequency and rate of consuming Milk as snack were high(1.51 times per a day, 459.8μl), 53.2% of calcium intake from Milk. The most favorite snack foods of children were fresh fruits, milk, yoghurt, juice. The correlation between frequency of eating food as snack and children's preference for food was low; because choosing food as children's snack was not by themselves but by their mothers and teachers, and variety of food(a taste, kinds) as snack was very weak. Subjects showed rather dissatisfactory view about commercial snack, and wanted new development of nutritionally balanced and natural-tasted snack for preschool children; they preferred dducks, biscuits and snacks as the form of newly-developed snack for preschool children.

This study was designed to investigate nutrition intakes and its relation to the obesity and the prevalence of anemia in 252 children(136 boys, 116 girls) aged 2~6 years. The hematological parameters, daily nutrient intakes and height and weight were measured. Calorie intakes of 2 and 3year-old-children were over their RDA while those of 4-6 years were below the RDA. Intakes of protein, P, and vit B complex were far over the RDA in all ages of children. Fe and vit A intakes were insufficient in all ages except 3 years while Ca intakes were insufficient in all ages except 2 and 3 years. About 18.2% of the children were evaluated as obese. However, very few children were anemic by hematologic parameters. The mean Hb concentrations were 12.2mg/dl in boys and also in girls. The mean Hct was 36.2% in boys, 35.8% in girls. Serum Fe concentration was 100.1mg/dl in boys, 101.1mg/dl in girls. RBC count was significantly higher in boys while MCH was significantly higher in girls. Intakes of protein, P, Fe, vit B1, niacin, vit C were significantly higher in obese group compared to under weight group. There were significant positive correlations between protein intake and Hb, Hct, MCH, and MCHC. The correlation between Fe intake and Hb or Hct was not significant. In conclusion, it seems that the nutritional status of the most children was in very good condition. However, they needed to take more foods supplying Fe, Ca, and vit A.

본 연구는 대전지역의 만3세부터， 7세까지의 유치원 아동들 중 1 ，455명을 대상으 로 영 ·유아 시기의 주변 환경 및 습관이 시력에 영향이 미칠 수 있는 요소들올 성 문하고 안과병원과 협조하여 단체 시력검사를 실시하였는데， 난시는 Spherical equivalent로 환산하여 정상 시력 군은 -0.75D - +0.75D 사이의 범위이면서 양안의 나 안시력이 0.65 이상을 모두 만족한 아동으로 하였고 나머지를 비정상 시력 군으로 구 분하였다. 단， 상기의 구분에서 정상 시력 군으로 판정이 되었어도 Spherical equivalent에 의한 양안의 차이가 2.00 D 이상일 경우는 비정상 시력 군으로 분류한 결과， 83.6% 의 비정상적 시력을 보였으며 연령별로 통계학적 유의성은 없었으며 출 생시 체중이 2.5Kg 미만 군에서 비정상 시력 군이 86.3%로 가장 많았으나 체중별 결 과도 유의하지 않았다. 수유와 관련한 사항에서는 모유와 분유와 이유식을 모두 먹은 군에서 정상 시력 군이 22.9%로 가장 많았으며 수유기간은 197~ 월 이상 동안 수유한 군에 서 정 상 시 력 군이 22.0% 로 가장 많았으나 역 시 유의 하지 않았고 초유의 음용 여부에서는 “모두 먹었다”는 군에서 정상 시력 군이 2 1.1%로 가장 많았고 통계학적 으로 유의함을 알 수 있었다 (P=O. OO6). 수유기간 동안 및 최근 기간동안에 수면 시 조명상태에서는 “등을 켜고 잔다”는 군에서 비정상의 시력 꾼이 각각 90.0%, 85.0% 로 가장 많았으나 통계학적 유의성은 없었으며， 부모의 시력교정 여부에 따른 사력검 사 결과에서 “부모 모두 교정하였다”의 군에서 비정상 시력 군이 89.2% 로 가장 많았 으나 유의하지 않았고 출생 후 질병의 유무와 임신기간별 사력검사 결과에서도 그 유의성을 찾을 수 없었다.

This study was designed to evaluate food habits, anthropometry and obesity of 252 children(136 boys, 116 girls) aged 2~6 years old. The anthropometric indices were measured and food habits were surveyed. Average food habit score was 11.7/20.0 in boys and 11.8/20.0 in girls. It was found that 60.3% of the subjects belonged to fair score group(7-13) in food habits, while subjects in poor (0-6) and in excellent (14-20) were 30.6% and 9.1% respectively. There was no significant difference in food habits score between boys and girls. The food habits score tended to be higher as the mother's education level, total family income, number of siblings were increased. The mean height, weight and chest circumference of the subjects were much higher than the Korean standards. Evaluating the obesity by weight for height, 77.8% subjects was normal, 4.0% was underweight and 18.3% was obese. Underweight children did not seem to enjoy their meals and ate too slowly compared to normal or obese children. Therefore they needed to promote food habits by good nutritional education.

The purpose of this study is to find the standard value of hand width, of grip strength and of pinch strength by age, sex, and by left hand and right hand and also to find how the general characteristics influences grip strength and pinch strength. Martin Vigorimeter (List No. 17-27-01) was used for measuring grip strength, and the pinch gauge (0∼30 lbs) of B&L engineering for measuring pinch strength. The subjects of this study are the children at the age of three to seven years, who attending the babies' play room, kindergarten and the primary school in Seoul and the Kyungki province area. They all were normally developed without any significant neurology problem. wo hundred girls and two hundred boys were partifipated in this study. They were divided into ten subgroups according to the age of six month interval. Each group consisted of forty children of twenty boys and twenty girls. Analysis of data presents the technical statistics upon the hand width of right and left hand and the grip strength and pinch strength according to the age and sex. Multiple regression analysis using mixed liner model was operated in order to find how the general characteristics (of the age, sex, and side of hand) influence hand width, grip strength, and pinch strength individually. Also, we calculated the correlation among hand width, grip strength and pinch strength under the condition of controlling general characteristics; and to find correlation between the right hand and the left hand of the age and sex, we carried out paired t-test and came to the conclusion as follows: 1.　Hand width is significantly increased with the increase of age (p<0.01). The increase of hand width according to age, boy is wider than that of girl significantly (p<0.01), and the right hand is wider than that of the left hand significantly (p<0.01). 2.　Grip strength is significantly increased as the age and hand width increased (p<0.01). The increase of grip strength according to the age, boy is stronger than that of girl significantly (p<0.01), and grip strength of the right hand is stronger than that of the left hand(p<0.01). 3.　Three-jaw pinch strength is increased as the age, hand width and grip strength are increased(p<0.01). But there is no significant difference of three-jaw pinch strength according to sex and the side of hand(p>0.05). 4.　Tip pinch strength is significantly increased as the age and grip strength are increased(p<0.05). The increase of tip pinch strength according to the age, boy is stronger than that of girl significantly (p<0.05), but there is no significant difference between the right hand and the left hand(p>0.05). 5.　Lateral pinch strength is significantly increased as the age and grip strength are increased(p<0.01). But the increase of lateral pinch strength, there is no significant difference according to the hand width, sex and the side of hand(p>0.05). 6.　The test of correlation among hand width, grip strength and pinch strength showed the correlation between grip strength and pinch strength was stronger than the correlation between hand width and pinch strength(0.3<r<0.7). There was strong correlation between each pinch strength(0.3<r<0.7). Above all, the correlation of three-jaw pinch strength and tip pinch strength was strongest(0.7<r<1.0). 7.　The test of hand width according to the age and sex, and the difference between the right hand and the left hand in grip strength and pinch strength showed that there was significant difference against all the test of hand width, of grip strength, and of pinch strength in the age group from seven years and six months to seven years and eleven months than the age group under six years, specially in girls group(p<0.05).

대전지역 5 개 구 13 개 유치원의 만 5- ti세의 유아 1291 명을 대상으로 나안시력검 사 및 자동굴절검사의 1 차 집단시력검사뜰 실시한 후 2 차 조절마비 후 굴절검사를 안과병윈에 의뢰하여 호응한 157 명을 대상으로 조사한 결과 l 차 집단시력검사의 나 안시력검사에서 정상이 72.3% 이었고 이싱이 있는 자는 27 .7%이었으며 자동굴절검사 에서는 정시가 51.4%, 1:1 1 정시가 48.ti% 이었다. 2 차 조절마비 후 굴절검사에서는 교정 시력이 정상 또는 정상교정이 가능한 자가 87.9% 이었고 정상교정이 불가능하여 약시 로 판정된 자는 12.1 %이었다. 굴절상태는 정시가 17.8%, 비정시가 82.2% 이었고 단순 원 시 가 전체 안에 대 하여 1 차， 2 차 모두에 서 각각 14.0%, 3 1.8% 로 비 정 시 중 가장 많았다. 2 차의 교정시력검사에 대한 1 차의 나안시력 검사의 민감도와 특이도는 각각 8H.9% ‘ 5 3. 2% 이었으며 양성 예측치와 음성 예측치는 각각 19.8%, 97.4% 이었고 총체 적 떤관율 57.3% 이었다 2차의 조절마비 후 굴젤검사에 대한 1 차의 자동굴절검사의 민감도와 뜩이도는 각각 78.7%. 5:~.6% 이었으며 양성 예측치와 음생 예측치는 각각 8H.ti% , 64.7% 이었고 총체적 연관율은 74.2% 로 더 높았다. 따라서 집단시력검사의 신 뢰도첼 향상시키기 위해 굴절검사가 포함되어져야 하며 구체적인 검사항목 및 측정 기기에 대한 연구가 계속되어져야 한다고 생각한다. 추가적으로 보건관련기관에 전분 의의 최종적 진단아래 집단시력검사 요원으로써 안경사의 활용이 검토되어져야 한다 고 제안하는 바이다.

The objectives of the present study were to assess the early nutrition-related knowledge, eating behaviors of preschool children, the types of messages that their mothers give to them about nutrition and to analysis the interrelationships among these variables. The children of this study showed the uncooperative eating behaviors most frequently when they had breakfast and vegetables. In these cases the most frequent mother's messages given to the children was encourage eating some of each food. Children's eating problems as perceived by mothers were mainly low dietary intake and an unbalanced diet. The most frequent messages given to the children in the presentation of new foods were telling the child taste them and general nutrition about the new food. General topics in nutrition the mothers had discussed with their children were about nutrients, food groups, food transformations and food origins. Children whom mothers provided more information about these topics scored significantly higher on the concepts of food transformation, food origins and the total nutrition knowledge score. It is clear from this study that preschool children begin to learn about nutrition through these parental messages. Both parents and caretakers of young children should recognize the potential importance of these early interaction patterns.

This study estimated the status of dietary intake of 258 children from ages 3 to 6 living in Seoul and analyzed the correlation between the degree of children's nutrition awareness and dietary intake, to provide some basic informations on nutrition education program for their health promotion. Average height and weight of the children were 110.5 cm and 19.7 kg. And their body mass index was 16.2 and obesity index was 6.5%. Proportions of carbohydrate, protein and fat to the total calorie intakes were on the average 55.8%, 15.6% and 28.6%. Calorie intake proportion of breakfast, lunch, dinner and snack were 20.9%, 21.9%, 22.3% and 34.9%. In protein intake, proportion of animal and vegetable protein was 1.4, in fat intake pattern, P/M/S ratio was 1.2/1.2/1.0. As a consequence of analyzing the correlation between children's nutrition awareness and dietary intake, children of high awareness degree to the food value did not intake much calorie and carbohydrate, and did not choose cereals and starches, condensed fat food. As a result, dietary intake of pre-school children showed very good but partially showed a problem of over and under nutrition in quantity or in quality we hope that the result of this study could be helpful for the nutrition education program for the health and nutrition of the pre-school children.

The objectives of the present study were to assess the preschool-children's awareness of nutrition, their level of control over foods and involvement in food-related activities and to examine the interrelationships among these variables. The children of this study demonstrated low levels of awareness of the concepts of food groups and the roles of both foods and exercise in energy balance. But the degree of children's awarences about the concepts of food transformations, food origins and food values was favorable. The range of possible scores was 0 to 18, while the range of the children's scores was 2 to 16. The mean score was 9.3, represently 52% of the questions answered correctly. Factors associated with the children's involvement in food-related activities were children's age, familly's income and mother's dietary balance. Children who were more involved in food related activities had significantly higher nutrition awareness scores.

The purpose of this study was to develop nutrition education program that promotes eating behavior of preschool children. 118 parents of preschool children were surveyed to understand of children's food preferences and prejudices. The preference for vegetable showed the lowest score(2.345) and fruit was the favorite food(4.11). These results imply the consequence of teaching balanced diet with emphasizing vegetables for preschoolers. Thus, nutrition education program including teaching material were developed to provide the preschoolers with cognitive, affective, and psychomotor activities in order them to the familiar with vegetables. The program were consisted of following five parts: 1. Read-A-Story includes six stories with follow-up activities. 2. Grow-A-Plant gives instructions for growing vegetables. 3. Play-A-Game stimulates children's imagination and learning. 4. Take-A-Trip suggests places to visit that grow, sell, and prepare vegetables. 5. Eat-A-Treat presents easy ways to prepare and enjoy vegetables. Twenty one-Standardized recipes for vegetable dishes were also developed for preschooler's luncheon and snack in daycare center.

본 연구의 목적은 미얀마인 어머니를 둔 다문화가정 미취학 자녀 의 한국어 어휘 습득 양상을 살펴보는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 이 아동들을 대상으로 어떠한 어휘 습득이 지체되었고, 이러한 어휘들의 특징은 어떠한 지 살펴 문제의 뿌리를 파악하고 그 해결점을 찾고자 하였다. 이를 위해 아동들의 수용어휘력 검사를 시행하였고 그것을 바탕으로 어휘의 발달 양상을 분석하였다. 조사 결과, 이러한 양상은 어머니의 한국어 습득 미완 결이 근본적인 이유로 간주되어 이를 보완하기 위해 결혼하여 한국으로 이민 온 미얀마인 여성들을 위한 보조 교육을 실행하는 방안을 채택하였다.

본 연구의 목적은 독서 활동이 학령전기 다문화 가정 아동의 KSL 발달에 미치는 효과를 체계적으로 살펴보는 데 있다. 이를 위해 총 15편의 연구에서 35개의 효과크기를 추출하여 독서 활동이 어휘력, 언어 이해능력, 언어 표현능력, 담화능력에 미치는 효과에 대해 메타분석을 수행하였다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 독서 활동의 전체 효과크기는 1.204로 큰 효과크기를 가진다고 나타났다. 둘째, 독서 활동이 어휘력 향상에 미치는 효과크기는 .764로 중간 효과크기를 가진다고 나타났으며, 언어 이해능 력(1.118), 언어 표현능력(1.114), 담화능력(1.118)에는 큰 효과크기를 가진다고 분석되었다. 이를 통해 독서 활동은 학령전기 다문화 가정 아동의 KSL 발달에 효과적인 방법이 될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

본 연구는 설화를 중심으로 한 한국문화교재 단원의 구성 원리와 실례를 살펴 여성결혼이민자의 자녀 교육과 한국 사회 정착에 도움을 주는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 여성결혼이민자와 심층 면담을 실시하고 기존 한국어교재 및 문화 관련 교재의 내용과 구성을 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 상호문화주의에 기반한 한국문화 교재 단원을 ‘바보 온달과 평강공주’를 예로 들어 제안하였다. 단원은 크게 엄마, 아빠와 자녀가 협력하여 내용을 이해하는 단계와 한국의 언어문화와 행동문화, 성취문화를 이해하고 나아가 엄마(여성결혼이민자) 나라의 문화를 한국문화와 비교해 보는 확장된 활동 단계로 구분된다. 이 연구는 한국인에게는 대중적이나 결혼이민자들에게는 낯설 수 있는 설화를 제시함으로써 자녀 교육에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다. 또한 일방향적으로 한국문화만을 제시하고 있는 기존 한국문화교재와 달리 여성결혼이민자의 모국문화와 한국문화를 비교해 보는 활동을 통해 그들의 문화적 자존감과 정체성을 확립하여, 이들이 한국 사회에 건강하게 정착하는 데 기여할 것이다.

This study aims to identify the beneficial effects of forest experience on emotional changes in young children who are exposed to smartphones in daily life. This research was conducted on 41 children aged five and six years at a kindergarten in Chungcheongnamdo province. The children participated in a five-month forest experience program, conducted twice a week. Before beginning the study, its purpose and procedure were explained to the children's parents and kindergarten teachers, after which written content was collected. Before and after the five-month experience, questionnaires about smartphone use and emotional conditions were administered through the parents. The participants were divided into two groups, namely average-use and high-use groups, depending on the smartphone addiction proneness score. It was found that negative psychological subscales such as anxiety, impulse, and depression decreased following the five-month forest experience in both groups. Positive psychological attitudes such as sociability and creativity increased significantly after the forest experience. The high-use group showed a wider range of positive changes compared to the average-use group. Accordingly, forest experiences can be used as an effective solution for smartphone addiction problems among young children.

이 연구는 다문화가정아동의 사회적응이 이슈화되는 상황에서 보육교사의 다문화수용성이 어린이집 적응아동에게 미치는 영향을 한국형 다문화수용성척도(KMCI)와 유아교육기관 부적응진단검사(PBQ)로 분석하여 다문화아동의 적응에 대한 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해 경기도 안산시와 김포시의 위치한 34개 어린이집에 근무하는 보육교사 중 다문화가정아동을 담당하는 담임교사 73명과 재원중인 만 3-5세 아동 223명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 그 결과를 분석하였다. 연구결과 보육교사의 다문화수용성은 연령이 높고 경력이 많을수록 높은 것으로 나타났다. 아동의 어린이집적응 차이는 일반가정아동이 다문화가정아동보다 잘 적응하는 것으로 나타났으며 아동의 성별에서 여아가 남아보다 잘 적응하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 담임교사의 배경변인에 따라서는 미혼과 낮은 연령일수록 아동이 잘 적응하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 담임교사의 다문화수용성이 높은 교사의 아동일수록 어린이집적응을 잘 하는 것으로 나타났으며 구체적으로 교사와의 관계성차원에서 더욱 적응이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구는 자기존중감 기르기 교육활동 경험이 유아의 유치원 적응에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 밝히고자하는데 목적이 있다. 만 5세 유아 38명을 실험집단(19명)과 통제집단(19명)으로 하여 13주 동안 유아 1인당 주 2~3회, 총 31회의 실험처치가 이루어졌다. 실험집단 유아들에게는 자기존중감 기르기 교육활동을 실시하였고, 통제집단은 생활주제에 따른 유치원 일과운영에 맞추어 활동하였다. 그 결과, 자기존중감 기르기 교육활동 경험이 유아의 유치원 적응과 하위요소 중 친사회적 행동, 유치원 환경에서의 긍정적 정서, 유치원 생활에서의 적응에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.