하수오(Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.)는 여뀌과에 속하는 초본식물로 동아시아와 북아메리카에 자생하고 있다. 하수오는 관상용으로도 이용되며, 한의학에서 뿌리를 약용으로 사용한다. 하지만 월동 이 어렵고 노동력 소모가 많아 최근 재배농가가 감소하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 하수오의 우량종묘를 짧 은 시간에 대량생산하기 위하여 수경재배에 적합한 양액과 조직배양묘의 크기를 조사하였다. 토양에 적 응이 완료된 하수오 종묘는 크기에 따라 Type 1, Type 2 및 Type 3으로 나누어 4종류의 양액에 치상 하였다. 치상 후 양액과 종묘에 따른 생육차이를 확인하기 위하여 생육조사를 실시하였다. 생육조사는 8주 동안 양액에서 생육시킨 후 줄기길이, 잎 수, 마른 잎 수, 줄기 수, 생체중과 건물중에 대해 측정 하였다. 그 결과 양액3에서 Type 1과 Type 2의 뿌리길이는 각각 33.8cm와 29.5cm로 각각 나타났다. 이와 유사한 경향으로 덩굴 길이도 CaCl2가 첨가 된 양액3에서 Type 1과 Type 2가 가장 길게 나타나 우수한 생육을 보였다. 이처럼 뿌리가 증대된 종묘는 밭으로 이식 될 때 활착을 도와 우수한 초기생육 을 나타낼 것이라 사료된다. 반면 Type 3는 잎끝마름과 고사하는 현상을 보여 추후 양액의 적정농도에 대한 추가 실험이 필요할 것이라 사료된다.

MTO (Make to Order) is a manufacturing process in which manufacturing starts only after a customer’s order is received. Manufacturing after receiving customer’s orders means to start a pull-type supply chain operation because manufacturing is performed when demand is confirmed, i.e. being pulled by demand (The opposite business model is to manufacture products for stock MTS (Make to Stock), which is push-type production). There are also BTO (Build to Order) and ATO (Assemble To Order) in which assembly starts according to demand. Lean manufacturing by MTO is very efficient system. Nevertheless, the process industry, generally, which has a high fixed cost burden due to large-scale investment is suitable for mass production of small pieces or ‘mass customization’ defined recently. The process industry produces large quantities at one time because of the lack of manufacturing flexibility due to long time for model change or job change, and high loss during line-down (shutdown). As a result, it has a lot of inventory and costs are increased. In order to reduce the cost due to the characteristics of the process industry, which has a high fixed cost per hour, it operates a stock production system in which it is made and sold regardless of the order of the customer. Therefore, in a business environment where the external environment changes greatly, the inventory is not sold and it becomes obsolete. As a result, the company’s costs increase, profits fall, and it make more difficult to survive in the competition.Based on the customer’s order, we have built a new method for order system to meet the characteristics of the process industry by producing it as a high-profitable model. The design elements are designed by deriving the functions to satisfy the Y by collecting the internal and external VOC (voice of customer), and the design elements are verified through the conversion function. And the Y is satisfied through the pilot test verified and supplemented. By operating this make to order system, we have reduced bad inventories, lowered costs, and improved lead time in terms of delivery competitiveness. Make to order system in the process industry is effective for the display glass industry, for example, B and C groups which are non-flagship models, have confirmed that the line is down when there is no order, and A group which is flagship model, have confirmed stock production when there is no order.

Timing, place, and the high-tech industry to overcome barriers to the introduct of the so-called “smart agriculture”. The core factors of precision agriculture, including temperature, humidity, location information, and real summary information, are all significant for ICT controlling technique. The system is a four-season container allowing mushroom product, humidity, illumination, and factors such as carbon dioxide were regulated to create the optimal environment for mushroom cultivation. Hericium erinaceum (also called Lion's Mane Mushroom, Bearded Tooth Mushroom, or Bearded Tooth Fungus) is an edible and medicinal mushroom in the tooth fungus group. During approximately 40 days of incubation, 1.4 kg of oak sawdust was used as the test medium. The humidity, temperature, and CO2 density were maintained at >85–95%, 18–20oC, and 700–1,000 ppm, respectively, in the container type culture system. The time for primordium formation was observed to be 4–7 days. The amount of fruitbody production was 74–95 g per bag. This technique will be used to establish a new community support program, in conjunction with international movement, domestic sales and exports are also planned.

Time, place, and the high-tech industry to overcome barriers to the fusion of the so-called "smart agriculture" is changing the landscape of agriculture. Precision Agriculture's core temperature, humidity, location information, and summary information in real time, all significant ICT controlling technique. The system is a four-season container production for the mushroom cultivation temperature, humidity, illumination, self-regulation, such as carbon dioxide, the optimal environment for mushroom cultivation was implemented. Hericium erinaceum (also called Lion's Mane Mushroom, Bearded Tooth Mushroom, or Bearded Tooth Fungus) is an edible mushroom and medicinal mushroom in the tooth fungus group. Native to North America, Europe and Asia it can be identified by its tendency to grow all the spines out from one group (rather than branches), long spines (greater than 1 cm length) and its appearance on hardwoods. About 40 days of incubation 1.5kg oak sawdust was used as the test medium bag. The humidity was maintained more than 85~95% and temperature was 18~20°C, and CO2 density was 500~1,000ppm. The days for primordium formation showed us 6~12 days. The amount of fruitbody production was 110~260g per bag. This technique to establish new community support program in conjunction with the international movement, domestic sales and exports are also planned.

This research project provides the opportunity of foundation for Ministry of Agriculture y Ganaderia (MAG), University of El Savador (UES), and Centro Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria y Forestal (CENTA) and potato farmers of El Salvador to implement to achieve the project goal of poverty alleviation, nutrition improvement, and income increase of farmers through the establishment of sustainable self dependent national infrastructure for seed potato production and supply system and organized network of production of farmers. Kangwon National University has been designated by KOICA to implement the APP Track-II Project from April, 2015 to March, 2016. The support activities and research result include 'virus-free seed potato production facilities and laboratory equipment' provided to UES and CENTA, 'technology transfer of virus free seed potato production' such as making substrate, tissue culture, pathology test, subculture, mini tuber production, and some joint research result achievement, and various technological training conducted for participating researchers and local potato farmers for the virus-free seed potato production, table potato and seed potato cultivation technology, and the standard farming technology as well.

To promote the efficiency of production process of small and medium sized company, government conducts production information business that collects and analyzes information of production field automatically and helps process' controlling and supervising by supporting costs of purchase, installment, etc. of hard-software and network related to middle and small sized company intending e-Manufacturing of production field with computer and information & communication network. As a result, the number of middle and small sized companies that introduce and manage production information system is increased. Therefore, the purposes of this research are to arrange contents of production information system introduced to solve current problems of middle and small sized companies and analyze effects of small and middle sized companies' introduction through example companies.

식물의 생육과 생산성을 예측하는 것은 매우 중요한 일이다. 본 연구는 common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.)의 작물생장률, 상대생장률, 지상부 생체 중과 건물중, 수확시기, 상품률과 상품수량과 같은 생육과 수확 요인들을 쉽게 읽을 수 있는 재식밀도-생육-수확 (PGH) 도표를 만들기 위함이다. 광도 140μmol·m-2·s-1과 일 장 12시간 주기로, 3파장 형광등을 이용한 완전제어형 식물공장 시스템에서 박막수경 재배하였다. 4가지 재식밀도 (15×10cm, 15×15cm, 15×20cm와 15×25cm) 하에서 생육과 수량을 분석하였다. 재식밀도가 증가할수록 어느 한계까지는 식물체당 생체중과 건물중은 증가하는 경향이었으며, 단위면적당 생체중인 수량 또한 같은 경향을 보였다. 작물 생장률, 상대생장률과 lost time은 2차 등식 형태를 보였으며, 지상부 생체중과 건물중은 직선적인 관계를 보였다. 이러한 등식을 이용하여 재식밀도-생육-수확(PGH) 도표를 만들었다. 예를 들면, 15×20cm 재식밀도와 식물체당 생체 중 100g에서 수확할 경우, 재식주수, 작물생장률, 상대생장률, lost time, 식물체당 건물중, 수확시기와 수량은 각각 33plants/m2, 20g·m-2·d-1, 0.27g·g-1·d-1, 22days, 2.5g/plant, 정 식 후 26일과 3.2kg·m-2이었다. 이 도표를 가지고 적어도 2 가지 요인 예를 들면, 재식밀도와 수확요인 중 하나만 알면, 작물생장률, 상대생장률, lost time과 같은 생육 요인과 지상부 생체중, 지상부 건물중, 수확시기와 수량과 같은 수확 요인들을 쉽게 구할 수 있다. 이러한 도표는 다양한 작물의 생육과 수량 요인을 예측할 수 있어 완전제어형 식물 생산 시스템 설계를 위해 유용한 도구가 될 것이다.

본 연구는 인공광 이용형 식물공장에서 common ice plant를 재배하였을 때 생육에 대한 적합한 배양액 조성, 배양액 산도, 급액 간격, 광도 및 재식거리를 알아보고자 수행되었다. 식물공장 유형은 완전제어형 식물공장형태로 인공광원은 삼파장 형광등을 사용하였으며, 광주기는 12시간 일장주기였다. 수경재배시스템은 3단으로 구성된 박막수경시스템이었다. 식물공장내 온도, 상대습도와 이산화탄소 농도는 ON/OFF 제어하였다. 배양액은 일본원예시험장액과 식물체 분석으로 개발 배양액을 가지고 비교 실험 하였다. 배양액의 산도와 급액 간격 실험은 pH 6.0과 7.0 그리고, 5분 간격과 10분 간격으로 순환할 경우 생육 차이를 알아보았다. 광도는 90과 180μmol·m-2·s-1 2처리 하였다. 재식거리는 열간 간격을 15cm로 고정한 후, 열내 간격 10cm, 15cm, 20cm와 25cm 4처리로 처리하였다. 적당한 배양액의 조성은 N 7.65, P 0.65, K 4.0, Ca 1.6과 Mg 1.0mM·L-1이었다. 지상부 생체중과 건물중은 pH 6과 7 그리고 5분 간격과 10분 간격 처리간의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 지상부 생체중과 건물중은 광도 180μmol·m-2·s-1에서 높았다. 재식 거리가 증가할수록, 단위면적당 생체중과 건물중은 감소 하는 경향을 보였다. 식물 생산 시스템에서 common ice plant 생육에 적합한 배양액 관리(조성, pH와 급액간격) 와 재배관리(광도와 재식밀도)를 알아본 결과, 생육에 적합한 배양액 조성으로 pH 6.0-7.0로, 급액 10분 간격 으로 공급해 주는 것이 좋으며, 광도 180μmol·m-2·s-1와 재식밀도 15×15cm로 재배하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단 된다.

The house fly, Musca domestica L. is a serious cosmopolitan pest in livestock production systems. Poultry farmers employ various techniques to control them but rely heavily on the use of chemicals which has the serious drawback of the target pest becoming resistant. We have selected two native natural enemies in Gyeonggi area where selected for the biological control of the house fly. Carcinops pumilio (Erichson) (Coleoptera: Histeridae), commonly found in poultry manure, is an important predator of house fly eggs and larvae. The substitute food source was developed for the mass rearing of C. pumilio. Spalangia nigroaenea (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) not only parasitized the host to produce its progeny but also killed host pupae by feeding. The parasitoid induced mortality had an effect on the parasitoid-to-host density relationships.

비순환식 고형배지경에서 배액이 토양과 지하수 오염을 발생시키는 문제를 해결하고자 그동안 연구된 데이터를 바탕으로 배액 최소화 재배방식을 확립을 위해 본 연구는 토마토 코이어 수경재배농가 시설에서 FDR 센서, 적산일사량 센서 및 타이머를 이용하여 토마토를 재배하며 급배액량, 생육 및 생산량을 비교하였다. 정식 후 88일까지 일일 식물체당 평균 급액량은 처리구에 따른 큰 차이가 없었다. 하지만 정식 후 88일 이후 107일 까지 TIMER, FDR, IR 제어구 각각의 일일 식물체당 평균 급액량은 IR(2125mL) > TIMER(2063mL) > FDR(1983mL) 수준이었고 108일부터 120일 까지는 IR(2000mL) > TIMER(1664mL) > FDR(1500mL) 수준 이었다. 배액률은 TIMER 제어구의 경우 5~12%, FDR 센서 제어구의 경우 0~7%, IR 제어구의 경우 12~19% 수준으로 IR > TIMER > FDR 순이었다. 정식 후 88일 이후부터는 FDR과 IR 제어구가 급액량에 상이한 결과를 보였는데, 이는 재배 후기 즉, 5월 20일 이후 (정식 후 94일) 누적일사량의 증가로, IR 제어구에서는 급액이 증가된 반면 FDR 센서 처리구는 적심 이후 30일이 경과된 6월 2일경부터 IR 제어구 보다 일일 급액량이 평균 500mL 적게 공급된 결과이다. 식물체 생육 및 상품과 수량도 급액방식에 따른 통계적 유의차는 없었지만, 당도는 FDR 처리구에서 TIMER 처리구에 비해 약 11%, IR 처리구에 비해 약 18% 높았다.

In the last 10 years, porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer to generate transgenic pig has been performed tremendous development with introduction and knockout of many genes. However, efficiency of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer is still low and embryo transfer (ET) is one of important step for production efficiency. In porcine ET for production of transgenic cloned pig, we can consider many of points to increase production rates. In respect of seasonality and weather, porcine ET usually is not performed in summer and winter. Cloned transgenic embryos must be transferred into reproductive tracts of recipients where embryos are located after natural fertilization with similar estrous cycle. If cloned embryos with 2∼4 cell stage are transferred, they must be transferred into oviducts in periovulatory stage. Number and deposition sites of transferred cloned embryos are important. And we must compare the methods of ET between surgical and non-surgical ones in respect of production efficiency. Sow recipients after natural estrus is most preferred recipients however its cost is must be considered. Here we will review many of current studies about porcine embryo transfer to increase production efficiency of transgenic pigs and strategies for further studies.

1. 본 연구는 중국 산동성의 평도시(平度市) 및 신강성 집단 재배농장을 대상으로 주요 채소 농산물인 고추, 마늘, 양파에 대하여 한국과 중국의 생산 관리체계 및 기술 수준을 비교·분 석하였다. 2. 고추의 경우 한국은 묘를 구입하여 정식하는 비율이 높 지만 중국은 대부분 자가 채종 후 자가 육묘를 하는 체계이다. 가장 특징적인 것은 한국은 수확을 10일 간격으로 5 ~ 6회 하 지만, 중국은 일시 수확하여 수확노동력을 줄이고 있다. 고추 의 경영비와 생산비 비교에서는 각각 한국이 3,975원/kg, 11,686원/kg이며, 중국은 519원/kg, 1,895원/kg으로 한국의 경 영비가 7.3배, 생산비는 6.2배 차이가 나는 것으로 조사되었다. 3. 중국의 마늘 파종량은 한국에 비해 3배 이상으로 밀식파 종을 한다. 재배 이랑은 한국은 넓은 이랑이며, 중국은 2줄 좁 은 이랑에서 재배 하고 있다. 멀칭은 한국이 기계멀칭을 64% 하고 있으나 중국은 인력을 이용한 멀칭을 하고 있다 마늘의 경영비와 생산비 비교에서는 각각 한국이 1,128원/kg, 2,049원 /kg이며, 중국은 310원/kg, 686원/kg으로 경영비는 3.6배, 생산 비는 3.0배 차이가 나는 것으로 분석되었다. 4. 양파는 중국이 한국보다 경지기반은 좋으나 호당 경지면 적은 0.14 ha로 매우 영세하다. 한국은 복비와 유기질 비료를 사용하고 방제를 3 ~ 5회하는 반면, 중국은 계분을 사용하고, 살균, 살충, 제초 방제는 1회만 실시하고 있다. 육묘는 중국과 한국이 모두 구입종자를 이용한 자가 육묘를 하는 동일한 생 산체계이다. 양파의 경영비와 생산비 비교에서는 각각 한국이 199원/kg, 334원/kg이며, 중국은 46원/kg, 98원/kg으로 한국보다 경영비 는 4.3배, 생산비는 3.4배 차이가 있은 것으로 나타났다.

The up-to-date small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Korea have tried to respond flexibly and rapidly to dynamic business environment and to establish efficient production management system based on information technologies. However, most of SMEs have faced with low applicability of the production management system resulting from high costs of introduction and maintenance. In this paper, a production planning and control system, that is S-PMS (production management system for SMEs), is proposed to solve the problem of low applicability and limited human resources. S-PMS enables production managers to efficiently collect and manage master data with the actual target production systems and explores the bottleneck process by means of simulation techniques to improve productivity. Furthermore, it implements rescheduling mechanism in terms of a variety of process routes. In essence, intuitive dispatching rules and integrated data management of S-PMS improve field applicability of production management system. Consequently, S-PMS is expected to be used as an efficient production management system of SMEs in Korea.

The study was carried out to assess the production performances of Japanese quail parent stock raised under open housing system and the study was conducted in a local farm with 2000 Japanese parent stock quail birds (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Observed body weight gain was recorded in each weekend up to 7 weeks of their age; birds gained weight 15.73, 31.45, 47.20, 90.80, 125.27, 153.14 and 175.20 grams, respectively. There have been observed sharp decline of fertility and hatchability of birds with increase of their age. Optimum fertility was recorded at third week and optimum hatchability at fifth week of their age. Average flock uniformity was found 83.68%. The hen day egg production of the flock was recorded 81, 83, 85, 86, 89, 89, 89, 89 and 88% in each weekend, respectively. It may therefore be concluded that Japanese quail parent stock performs well under open housing system in Bangladesh and future study can be taken to better understand their production performances.

The purpose of this study is to develop a growth prediction model that can predict growth and development information influencing the production of citrus fruits: the growth model algorithm that can predict floral leaf ratio, number of fruit sets, fruit width, and overweight depending on the main period of growth and development with consideration of the applied weather factors. Every year, large scale of manpower was mobilized to investigate the production of outdoor-grown citrus fruits, but it was limited to recycling the data without an observation supporting system to systemize the database. This study intends to create a systematical database based on the basic data obtained through the observation supporting system in application of an algorithm according to the accumulated long term data and prepare a base for its continuous improvement and development. The importance of the observed data is increasingly recognized every year, and the citrus fruit observation supporting system is important for utilizing an effective policy and decision making according to various applications and analysis results through an interconnection and an integration of the investigated statistical data. The citrus fruit is a representative crop having a great ripple effect in Jeju agriculture. An early prediction of the growth and development information influencing the production of citrus fruits may be helpful for decision making in supply and demand control of agricultural products.

현재 인간이 일반적으로 이용하는 의료용 단백질은 대개 동물세포 배양기술에 의하여 생산되고 있다. 그러나 제한된 특정 시설에서 생산되기 때문에 생산 단가가 높아서 전세계의 수요가 증가함에도 불구하고 일반화하는 데는 한계가 있는 실정이다. 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위하여 오래전부터 식물시스템을 이용하여 의료용 단백질을 생산하는 연구가 관심을 끌고 있다. 즉 쉽게 규모화할 수 있고 생산비용 효과도 경제적이고 동물세포보다 더 안전하게 의료용 단백질 생산할 수 있는 수단이 될 수 있기 때문이다. 이를 위하여 식물에 안정적으로 유전자를 핵 게놈과 엽록체 게놈에 형질전환 시키는 기술과 바이러스 운반체를 이용하여 일시적 발현을 유도함으로 의료용 단백질을 생산하는 기술이 개발되고 있다. 최근 해체 바이러스 기반의 운반체 개발은 재조합 단백질을 빠르고 일시적 발현으로 대량생산을 가능하게 하고 있다. 따라서 이 바이러스 발현시스템이 적절한 식물기반의 대량생산을 위한 플렛폼을 제공하고 있다. 따라서 본 총설은 식물로부터 의료용 단백질을 생산하는데 있어서 식물 바이러스발현 시스템 개발 및 이용에 대하여 기술하였다.

Until a recent date, Toyota Production System (called TPS) was introduced by many domestic companies to remove waste and reduce manufacturing cost. However, cases of substantial and effective improvement after the introduction are not much. Even though many companies have actively conducted TPS during that time, the outcome is not satisfactory. In this paper, we show the problems and core contents to consider in applying of TPS as follows. First, the innovative organizational culture formed by active participation of employees and leadership of the CEO is very important for a successful introduction of TPS above all. Second, it is necessary to prepare various training programs optimized for the field in order to continuously improve the competency of employees in each class, and to train skilled personnel through that programs. Third, it is necessary to improve the maturity level of TPS application through the construction of correct evaluation system on accomplishment of the production system. In addition, the problems that occur should be solved through the continuous improvement activities. These results will help to TPS introduction of the domestic small-medium companies. Therefore, this study will contribute to strengthen and improve the global competitiveness in the related industries.