In this study the effect of rice type and cooking methods on the quality of cooked rice during cold storage wereinvestigated to develop home meal replacement (HMR) products. The chemical and physical properties and sensoryquality of rice were studied by rice type (Oh-dae-mi, Baek-jin-ju S., and Indica) and cooking methods (electric ricecooker and super heated steamer). Cooked rice was stored at 5oC for 3 days and the moisture content, color, reduc-ing sugar content, texture profile, and sensory evaluation were analyzed. The results show that rice type Baek-jin-ju S. has the highest moisture content and that color and textural properties are maintained during storage. Ricecooked with an electric rice cooker has higher moisture content and better color properties; however, rice cookedwith a super heated steamer shows higher reduced sugar content with a softer texture. The selection of Baek-jin-juS. and cooking with a super heated steamer have a positive effect on the quality of rice during cold storage.

According to industrialization and urbanization the number of increasing cars is attributable to an explosive increase of the vehicle emissions. In this study, in consideration of the population and local transportation characteristics of South Chungcheong Province the environmental and economic cost-benefit analyses are performed to evaluate whether the CNG bus conversion gives what kind of effects. Based on the analysis result the expansion and distribution plan of CNG bus is proposed for South Chungcheong Province, and the local supply policy model is also proposed considering the acquisition and management of the economic situation of CNG charging infrastructure and the small transportation companies.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of partial replacement (40.0%) of sodium chloride by potassium chloride, potassium lactate and calcium ascorbate on quality characteristics of cooked pork ham during cold storage. The cooked pork hams with partial replacement of sodium chloride by potassium chloride and potassium lactate had lower lightness (L*) and higher bitterness than others (p <0.05). However, redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and overall acceptability of sensory properties were not different among the treatments (p >0.05). The partial replacement of sodium chloride by all substitutes leads to increase tenderness (p <0.05). There are no problems in microbiological stability and lipid oxidation of cooked pork hams with 40% replacement of sodium chloride by potassium chloride, potassium lactate and calcium ascorbate during cold storage. Therefore, it is possible to use potassium chloride, potassium lactate and calcium ascorbate as partial substitutes of sodium chloride in cooked pork ham.

「삼국사기」권4의 역사적 기록에 의하면 신라의 이사부장군이 512년에 동해 중간에 위치하고 무릉도(울릉도)와 우산도(독도)로 구성된 우산국을 목사자를 실은 전함의 해군력에 의해 정복했다. 그 결과 신라의 독도의 영토주권이 수립되었다. 즉 신라는 독도의 영토주권에 대한 역사적 권원을 취득했다. 따라서 512년에 지증왕 시기에 우산국이 신라에 귀속되었다는 사실에 관해 어떠한 의문도 제기될 수 없다. 그러나 오늘 역사적 권원은 현대 국제법상 타당한 권원으로 대체될 것이 요구된다. 역사적 권원은 대체 당시에 타당한 권원으로 대체되지 아니하면 법적 효력이 없다. 그러나 역사적 권원과 그에 유사한 개념은 그 후의 역사적 발전에 의해 대체된 후에는 법적으로 의미가 없는 것이다. 이와 같은 권원의 대체 이론은 많은 학자와 국제재판소의 판결에 의해 일반적으로 수락되고 승인되어 있다. 대한제국은 독도의 관할권에 관한 “대한제국 칙령 제41호”를 1900년에 선포하였다. 동 칙령의 선포에 의해 512년에 취득된 독도의 역사적 권원은 현대 국제법상 유효한 새로운 권원으로 대체되었다. 따라서 독도의 역사적 권원은 오늘 현대 국제법상 법적 효력이 없는 것이다. 물론 역사적 권원은 대체되기 이전에는 독도 영유권의 권원으로 법적 효력이 있는 것이다. 대체된 이후에도 역사적 권원이 귀속되어 있었다는 사실은 역사적 사실로서 의미를 갖는다. 이러한 권원의 대체에 따라 역사적 권원에 기초한 주장은 현대국제법상으로는 할 필요가 없게 된 것이다.

In this paper, an evaluation of a product replacement ratio of irreparable items to the normally working ones is performed with a view to a warranty analysis. It is demonstrated that the replacement ratio during the warranty period can be estimated from t

기업에서의 설비 대체에 관한 의사결정의 사례로서 구형설비를 신형설비로 대체함으로써 비용절감이 있음을 분석한다.

Maintaining a complex repairable system can be achieved by repairing, replacing, or any other activities. This paper proposes a joint optimization policy that is composed with ordering and replacing under minimal repair for the complex system. For this pu

본 연구에서는 노후교량 바닥판 대체용으로 단품(Modular) GFRP 바닥판 구조에 대한 거동분석을 실험을 통행 실시 하였다. 그 바닥판의 성능평가로서 축소모형(1/5)의 시험편 3개에 대한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 시험편은 박스튜 브를 갖는 샌드위치 판이다. 교량바닥판의 구성재료는 유리섬유와 에폭시 레진이다. 모든 시험편에 대한 실험결과 로서 최대강도, 강성 및 변형능력으로 나타내었다. 실험적 결과의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 유한요소해석을 하여 비 교하였다.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of feeding dietary legislation sulfur on the lipid levels of chicken meat and growth performance in broilers. A total of 180 male broilers (Ross strain 308) were randomly assigned into three treated groups with triplicate of 20 birds each, T1 (control group), T2 (antibiotics 8 ppm), and T3 (0.3% sulfur premix containing 30% of sulfur) groups. The body weight gains over a 3-wk period were significantly higher in T2 and T3 groups than the T1 group, but not different between T2 and T3. The dressing percentage, weight of thigh meat, breast muscle and bursa of F were significantly high in T2 and T3 groups compared to the T1 group, but not different between T2 and T3. The weight of abdominal fat was significantly higher in T3 group than in T1 and T2 groups. The cholesterol content of the whole chicken meat was significantly lower in the T3 group as compared to the T1 and T2 groups. The oleic acid (18:1n-9) content of whole chicken meat from the T3 group was higher than that of the other groups. The results of this study suggests that feeding dietary sulfur as an antibiotic replacement may increase the oleic acid and reduce the cholesterol in chicken meat while improving the carcass characteristics and growth performance in broiler chickens

Human fibroblasts that maintain the structural integrity of connective tissues by secreting precursors of the extracellular matrix are typically cultured with serum. However, there are potential disadvantages of the use of serum including unnatural interactions between the cells and the potential for exposure to animal pathogens. To prevent the possible influence of serum on fibroblast cultures, we devised a serum-free growth method and present in vitro data that demonstrate its suitability for growing porcine fetal fibroblasts. These cells were grown under four different culture conditions: no serum (negative control), 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, positive control), 10% knockout serum replacement (KSR) and 20% KSR in the medium. The proliferation rates and viabilities of the cells were investigated by counting the number of cells and trypan blue staining, respectively. The 10% FBS group showed the largest increase in the total number of cells (1.09 × 105 eell₃/ml). In terms of the rate of viable cells, the results from the KSR supplementation groups (20% KSR:64.7%; 10% KSR: 80.6%) were similar to those from the 10% FBS group (68.5%). Moreover, supplementation with either 10% (30 × 104 eell₃/ml) or 20% KSR (4.8 × 104 cells/ml) produced similar cell growth rates. In conclusion, although KSR supplementation produces a lower cell proliferation rate than FBS, this growth condition is more effective for obtaining an appropriate number of viable porcine fetal fibroblasts in culture. Using KSR in fibroblast culture medium is thus a viable alternative to FBS.

This paper deals with two forms of preventive replacement policy with minimal repair at failure. Those are, 1. the replacement policy I based on the cumulative operating time. 2. the replacement policy II based on the number of failures. The basic assumptions are; (1) the cost of minimal repair at failure is increasing with the number of failures since the last replacement, (2) the equipment fails stochastically with time.

Replacement problems can be classed as either deterministic of stochastic. Deterministic problems are those in which the timing and the outcome of the replacement action are assumed to be known with certainty. Before proceeding with development of replacement models it is important to note that preventive replacement actions, that is, ones taken before equipment reaches a failed state, require two necessary conditions: (1) The total cost of the replacement must be greater after failure than before. (2) The failure rate of the equipment must be increasing. Equipment is subject to failure. On failure, one of two possible actions can be taken : repair or complete replacement of the failed equipment. In this paper, we proposed optimal overhaul, repair, replacement maintenance model with two-state.

The system life-time are determined by the damage accumulate additively, called to failure, exceeding random thresholds, the system fails. Failures occur according to a non-homogeneous Poisson process with mean-value function ∫ λ(x)ax, where λ(l) is failure rate. Thus, our overall aim is to obtain properties of the survival function of system from models for the stochastic mechanism leading to failure. In this paper, the basic composition Formular is used in deriving many of the results.

종래의 연구들은 주로 시간이 경과함에 따라 수리비용과 고장시간 간격이 고정된 상태에서 최적교환시각(T)을 구하는 조건을 발견하는데 중점을 두었으나, 대부분의 시스템은 시간이 경과할수록 고장시간간격이 좁아지고 수리비용은 증가하는 것이 일반적이다. 본 논문에서는 위의 두 조건을 만족하는 보다 현실적인 모델을 구축하였으며, 또 일정시간 내에 2개의 시스템이 존재할 때 어느 조건 하에서 시스템이 확률적으로 우월한가를 분석하는 연구를 수행하였다. 즉, 시스템은

This paper is to develop replacement models under minimal repair with exponential polynomial wavelet failure rate function. Wavelets have good time-frequency localization, fast algorithms and parsimonious representation. Also this study is presented along with numerical examples using sensitivity analysis for exponential polynomial trigonometric failure rate function.