This study summarizes the research methods, subjects, research processes, and achievements of major researchers by analyzing previous research results on Korean food history. The goal of the current study aimed to seek the methodology and direction of ‘food history research’. Literature data from 1945 to 2022 were examined. Results of excavation research on ancient food literature were divided into the following stages: the 1980s, when the foundation for ‘cataloging’ was laid, and the 2000s, when ‘digitization’ was achieved. Achievements of each period were collected, and the achievements and limitations were analyzed. Next, the research results were classified into ‘Food technology history’, ‘Recipe change history’, and ‘Food culture and dietary history’. We observed that around the 2000s, anthropology and folklore research perspectives were reflected, and the research on ‘history of diet’ reached a turning point. Our results indicate the possibility that food history can develop as a special historical area. This could be achieved by establishing an exchange system with other disciplines and creating a systematic curriculum.

Recently, local studies looking at the 'local(region) as a whole' are gradually increasing. The study of local architectural history is important in that it provides specific information that encompasses the local and the entire and clues to three-dimensionalize the time and space in the local. To infer the 'presentness' of each era, reliable data in various fields are needed. Recently, as many databases (DB) and archives, from the 'National Archives of Korea' to other local archives, have been established and publicized, research resources in the local are growing rapidly in quantity and quality. Nevertheless, it is difficult to comprehensively check the data necessary to study the local architectural history(local architectural history research resources). Against this background, this study confirmed the trend of changes in the archive construction environment and the status and problems of local architectural history research resources in places that currently disclose local history research resources among generalized web-archives. Next, the relationship between the actual research on local architectural history was confirmed through the analysis of existing studies and the data used for Jeju. As a result, local studies, local archives, and local architectural history research agree with recent changes in local research trends, and the degree of archival construction has reached the same level as the available research resources except core data in local architectural history research. However, there is a problem that the density of information that can be used is low because the local architectural history research resources that can be obtained are fragmented because there are no archives and construction entities specialized in local architecture. As each archive has entered the stabilization and upgrading stage, the construction of new archives needs to be reconsidered, but it is time to find a detailed way to link related information quickly and accurately, such as private records, to reduce the gap in information needed in terms of research on local architecture and architecture history.

“Yu (于)” and “Yu (於)” both exist in The History of the Three Kingdoms, while the frequency of usages are different, with same and different usages. This paper takes The History of the Three Kingdoms During Shaoxi Period of Song Dynasty (The Twenty-Four Histories in Collection of Various Editions) as the research material, and investigates the usages of the words “Yu (于)” and “Yu (於)” in it, also referring to the other three editions of The History of the Three Kingdoms and checking each other to clarify the words and usages. In The History of the Three Kingdoms, “Yu (於)” appears 4544 times, “Yu (于)” appears 861 times, and the usage ratio is 5.28:1. “Yu (於)” is more widely and frequently used than “Yu (于)”. These two words are used most abundantly as prepositions. The prepositions “Yu (于)” and “Yu (於)” can both guide the complements of time and place, as well as elicit action objects and express passiveness. Additionally, in the three pairs of common phrases, the usages and meanings of the corresponding words are same. The difference is that the preposition “Yu (於)” has more plentiful usages and fixed usages of “Yushi (於是)” and “Zaiyu (在於)”, moreover, “Yu (於)” is often used after war verbs, and “Yu (于)” is rarely used. Furthermore, “Yu (於)” can be used as an interjection, and “Yu (于)” in proper nouns cannot be written as “Yu (於)”. It can be seen that, different from the pre-Qin period, the grammatical function of “Yu (於)” in The History of the Three Kingdoms is much stronger than that of “Yu (于)”, which reflects the trend that the weakening of the usages of “Yu (于)” in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, while the function of “Yu (於)” is gradually becoming stronger. Besides, there are many usages preserved through “Yu (於)” from ancient Chinese to modern Chinese.

본 연구는 체육교사로서 회의감의 근원적 문제를 찾는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 이준호 체육교사를 연구 참여자로 선정하고 생애사 연구방법을 활용하였다. 그 결과, 1) ‘스테레오타입과 문화’, 2) ‘훈육의 변화’, 3) ‘혼란과 자책’, 4) ‘참교사가 아닌 보통교사’의 내용이 도출되었다. 그 결과, 이준호 교사를 괴롭혀온 회의감은 ‘변화의 아이러니’로 설명될 수 있었으며, 그것은 ‘비동시성의 동시성’이라는 근원적 배경에서 비롯된 것임을 확인시켜주었다. 결국, 학교 내 존재하는 ‘비동시성의 동시성’의 모순으로 인해 이준호 교사의 감정적 소진은 필연적 귀결이었으며 그것은 한편으로 그가 이 시대의 평범한 체 육교사임을 보여주고 한국사회 평범한 체육교사들의 삶과 고민을 이해하는데 도움을 주었다고 판단된다.

The Nannophya species in Korea was thought to consist of only Nannophya pygmaea. Previous studies on the species, including life history and development, conservation and restoration, habitat characteristics, genetic studies, distribution, behavior, and taxonomy have been conducted. However, a new Nannophya species, Nannophya koreana, was recently discovered in Korea. Moreover, this new species was found to inhabit both Korea and Japan. Thus, the previous studies should be reevaluated in relation to the new species, Nannophya koreana, and the latter should be treated as an endangered species worldwide given the current population instability.

통일선교를 준비하는 우리들에게 생애사적 증언에 기초한 북한의 정치·사회·경제·문화는 물론, 복음 환경과 같은 상황적 이해가 매우 중요하다. 졸저의 생애사 주인공 강철수(가명)는 북한이탈주민으로서 현재 남한에서 기독교 복음사역을 하고 있다. 이 연구는 강철수가 복음을 수용하고 북한선교 사역자가 되기까지의 생애사를 로젠탈 (Ronsenthal)생애사 연구방법으로 분석했다. 특히 강철수가 복음을 접하게 된 계기, 수차례의 탈북, 체포 및 수감생활 등 한국에 입국하기 전까지 생사를 넘나들던 시기, 그리고 한국 입국과 그 이후 신학대학원에서의 공부와 북한선교사역의 시작 등 현재까지의 그의 생애사를 분석했다. 분석결과 중국에서 복음을 전해 준 두 분의 영적아버지와 한국에서 북한선교의 비전을 심어 준 영적어머니와의 만남이 가장 중요한 요인으로 드러났다. 강철수의 신실한 믿음은 준비 된 인적자원 (human resources)과의 만남이라고 할 수 있는데, 이를 통해 우리는 통일선교 시대를 맞이하여 사람을 준비하는 일의 중요성을 새롭게 인식할 수 있는 것이다.

This review summarizes the history of freshwater zooplankton research in Korean Society of Limnology and necessary future topics that are remain poorly investigated in South Korea based on main research topics of published articles focusing on lakes, reservoirs, rivers and wetland ecosystems. In Korea, a total 450 freshwater zooplankton species have been reported (85 species of cladocera, ca. 230 species of rotifera since 1939, and 138 species of copepoda), and they cover 10% of total zooplankton species list. In the present paper, we provide recent species list of zooplankton found in Korea and their taxonomic keys. Over periods of 45 years, there are 25 published papers for zooplankton biota in lentic ecosystems in Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (KJEE). The ecology of zooplankton communities in rivers has focused on the mechanisms involved in regulating their abundance, diversity and spatio-temporal patterns of genus Bosmina and rotifers (genus Brachionus and Keratella) that are most frequently found from Korea. On the other hand, the studies on zooplankton in wetland has focused on Alona, Chydorus and Ceriodaphnia with special emphasis on their relationships with aquatic macrophytes. Even though studies on the freshwater ecosystem in Korea have a long history, a few of studies on zooplankton biota were conducted at rice paddy, Dumbeong and wetlands. During the last two decades, experimental advances in freshwater zooplankton ecology and understanding of structure and function of this biota were made from a series of articles mainly in journal of KJEE. For future studies, quantitative, experimental and interdisciplinary approaches would be key words to understand zooplankton ecology and their roles in aquatic ecosystems under changing environments, and we have suggested necessary zooplankton research fields and future directions.

본 연구는 우리나라에 있는 자연사박물관 전문 인력들에 대한 현황을 분석하여, 향후 건립될 국립자연사박물관 에서 근무할 전문 인력들을 어떻게 양성해야 하는 지에 대한 제안을 하고자 한다. 지난 20여 년간 여러 학술단체와 전 문가 그룹의 국립자연사박물관 건립을 위한 다각적인 노력은 지속적으로 이루어져왔다. 그 중에서도 한국지구과학회는 자연사박물관과 과학관에 관한 여러 논문 발표를 통해 활발한 논의와 연구를 수행해오고 있다. 향후 건립될 국립자연사 박물관은 숙련된 전문인력들을 필요로 하며, 한국지구과학회에서는 이와 관련된 맞춤형 전문과정을 설치하여 다양한 분 야에 맞추어 양성해야 한다.

대만학계의 중국해양사 연구는 모든 시대와 분야에 대해 고루 연구되었다기보다 연구인력 의 한계로 말미암아 명청시기와 같은 특정시대와 분야에 집중되었다. 특히 해양사연구의 대 세가 중국해양사에서 대만해양사로 바뀌면서 더욱 그러하다. 이 글에서는 주로 대만학계의 명청시기와 근대시기의 중국해양사 연구현황을 주요 저서와 『중국해양발전사논문집』에 실린 논문들을 중심으로 소개하고자 한다. 본문 2장에서는 해양사연구의 출발을 알린 중앙연구원 의 『중국해양발전사논문집』을 소개하고, 3장과 4장에서는 명청시기와 근대시기의 중국해양사 연구성과를 해양관련 키워드를 중심으로 정리할 것이다. 나오는 말에서는 대만학계의 해양사 연구에 대한 한 두 가지 특징을 언급할 것이다

Digital research in ancient Chinese characters reflects the adjustment and development of the traditional research model under the new condition of information transmission. Through this new research model, more innovative research areas can be opened up. Moreover, the operating criterion of empirical study will be elevated. Currently there are several problems in this research model: overburdened work in the technical area; weak support of existing research and the absence of necessary Chinese information technology. The further realms we can expect are: digital means and platforms will bring a new vision of paleographic research; the development of the digital platform on the basis of resource sharing and cooperation; the development of the function of supervision on digital platform over criterion of the paleographic research.

本稿は戦後50年間の構造変化を分析しようとするものであるが、主た る関心は発展途上にあった日本経済である。いい換えれば、キャッチ アップ過程にあった小国としての日本経済である。後発国であった日本 は当時の先進国の優れた技術を積極的に受け入れるなか、自分たちの経 済社会環境にマッチした技術を輸入し、さらにそれを自国にあったも に改良しなくてはならなかった。それを可能にしたのは社会的能力であった。社会的能力の概念と要素、その形成や重要性について調べている。 戦後日本の技術導入について考えてみると、戦争による欧米企業との技術格差は歴然としており、急速なキャッチアップ․先進国への脱皮をめざす以上、時間のかかる自己技術開発の経営方針はありえなかったため技術導入は不可避であっただろう。それにあわせた各企業の動きを自動車工業の実態を中心として調べてみた。つぎに外資導入についても考えなければならない。高度成長初期の日本における外資導入の主流は借款であった。1960年頃までの日本経済はいわゆる労働過剰の状態が続いたことを考慮すると、高度成長の制約要因は技術と資本だったといえよう。それから戦後日本の経済発展を考えるためには、技術や資本のほ にそれを受け入れて上手くいかせる社会的能力の重要性についても詳しく調べる必要がある。

The areas of fashion research and fashion design aesthetics & fashion history have been studied under a common research heading as a Humanities subject in the UK and the USA, and as Clothing and Textiles Studies in Korea. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the 2004~2013 research tendencies in terms of reporting methods and contents from 181 world-renowned Fashion Theory research papers within the UK and USA fashion research corpus, and 359 Korean research papers from The Research Journal of Costume Culture related to fashion design aesthetics & costume history field. The subject areas, periods, methodologies, and differences in the topics of the studies were examined. The results of the research are as follows. Regarding the research authorship and length of the research papers, in Fashion Theory most papers were written by a single English-speaking or other foreign language-speaking author and were on average longer than 21 pages, while in The Research Journal of Costume Culture, many papers were jointly written by two Korean researchers and were between 11 and 20 pages. Regarding the content, Fashion Theory was connected to relatively wide and diverse periodical and regional boundaries including the body, clothing, the fashion media, and the overall fashion system, while The Research Journal of Costume Culture revolved around the body and clothing, textiles, the fashion media, and costumes. In addition, since the late 20th century, the studies appeared to be related to the current Western world overall or to the country of the author. Regarding the research methodology, Fashion Theory used diverse research subjects and methodologies, and research was conducted on topics relating to fashion culture or fashion aesthetics. On the other hand, The Research Journal of Costume Culture featured relatively more dynamic studies aimed at suggesting developments or solutions to problems. It was found that a large share of that research focused on detailed style analyses and suggestions for aspects such as design elements and design developments. Such differences are considered to be caused by the inherent differences between the academic departments for the Humanities, and the Human Ecology. The above research results are expected to provide fundamental information in setting a direction for future research to assist the globalization of domestic research.

이 연구는 세계적인 자연사박물관의 예 결산 내역을 기능 항목 기준에 맞추어 정리한 후, 통합 연구 기능과 일반 행정 기능에 대하여 비교 분석하여 장차 한국에 세워질 국립자연사박물관의 예산배정에 대한 기준을 제시하는데 목적을 둔다. 기초 자료를 구축하기 위하여 세계적인 국립자연사박물관인 미국 국립자연사박물관, 뉴욕 아메리카자연사박물관, 영국 런던자연사박물관, 프랑스 국립자연사박물관, 일본 국립자연과학박물관의 연차보고서, 예산요청서, 재무제표, 회계장부의 예산 사용과 관련된 모든 자료를 수집하였다. 각 자연사박물관의 통합 연구 기능과 일반 행정 기능에 관련된 예 결산 세부 내역을 미국 국립자연사박물관의 예 결산 자료 기준에 맞추어 재분류하였다. 자연사박물관별로 재분류한 세부 항목에 해당하는 예 결산 내역을 정리한 후, 각 자연사박물관의 통합 연구 기능과 일반 행정 기능의 금액에 대하여 국제비교를 실시하였다. 그 결과 연구, 교육, 전시, 출판 기능이 가장 활성화 되었다고 평가받는 미국과 영국 자연사박물관의 통합 연구 기능과 일반 행정 기능의 예산 지출 비율이 평균 약 6:4로 분석되었다. 이것은 자연사박물관의 기능이 극대화되기 위해서는 통합 연구 영역 지원 비율이 높아야 된다는 것을 의미한다.

This study aims to investigate the changing aspects about research methodology of stone pagoda from the period of Japanese colonial to now. There were the differences in purpose, method and analysis of the research according to each period. In Japanese colonial period, the purpose of research was to make lists of almost stone pagodas in Korea. Following this, Japanese researchers conducted detailed research for academic purpose. They took measurements of stone pagodas and made drawings. After liberation the research was focused on the relics contained in pagodas. They proceeded to investigate the inner relics in order to attract the attention of the people. In the late 1900's, the repair works of cultural heritages were increased. Many reports of the repair works were released and sent to administration offices. The reports contained the change aspects of situation between before work and after with drawings or simple investigation documents. In the 1990's, the restoration works for important stone pagodas were started by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. Since then, researches from various way - architectural and conservational researches about historical interpretation, shape, structure, proportion, technique, etc. - progressed for careful restoration and accurate study. In Recent years, various professional organizations(in the field of structure, physics, chemistry, biology, lithology, etc.) started to join the researches. Researches conducted studies directly with the stone pagodas, as well as conducting indirect studies with the stone pagodas, such as the structural stability of stone pagodas, the characteristics of rock, and conservation chemicals. Today the research project 'The preservation project of stone cultural property' is being conducted by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. The purpose of this project is to gain more detailed and accurate investigation documents to be provided for the people. In conclusion, researches from various fields must be included in the research. Furthermore, a synthetic study should be done through comparing similar characteristics or different characteristics among many research results.