코이어 더스트와 수피를 동일한 비율로 혼합한 상토로 ‘싼타’ 딸기를 수경재배할 때 기비로 혼합된 유황의 처리수준 차이가 토양용액의 중탄산 농도, pH, 식물체의 생육 및 무기원소 흡수량에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였다. 혼합상토 조제시 유황분말을 0, 0.23, 0.45, 0.90 및 1.80g·L-1으로 조절하여 혼합하였고, 작물 재배 중에는 중탄산 농도를 240mg·L-1으로 조 절한 Hoagland 용액을 관비하였다. 식물체의 생육조사 및 무기원소 함량 분석은 양액처리 140일 후에, 근권부 의 화학성 분석은 매 2주 간격으로 수행하였다. 유황의 시비수준이 증가할수록 모주의 전반적인 생장이 우수하였다. 엽록소 함량을 제외한 모주의 생장조사 항목에서 무처리구가 가장 저조하였고, 0.45g·L-1 이상의 세 처리 구간에서 통계적인 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 유황 처리 수준이 높아질수록 런너 발생 및 자묘의 생장 역시 우수해지는 경향을 보였다. 런너 길이, 모주당 발생한 자 묘수 및 1번 자묘의 생체중은 0.45g·L-1 보다 낮은 유황 처리구보다 0.90과 1.80g·L-1 처리구가 우수하였지만 두 처리 간에는 통계적인 차이가 없었다. 유황 0과 0.23g·L-1 처리구는 토양용액의 중탄산 농도와 pH가 지속적으로 상승한 반면 0.90g·L-1 이상 처리구에서 다소 낮아지는 경향이었다. 토양용액 내 K과 PO4의 농도는 0.90과 1.80g·L-1가 다른 처리구보다 낮았으며, Ca과 Mg의 농도는 처리구 간에 차이가 없었다. 유황 무처리구에서 분석한 무기원소 함량이 가장 적었으며, 유황 처리수준이 높아질수록 증가하였다. 이상의 결과, 코이어 더스트와 수 피 혼합상토(5:5, v/v)에서 ‘싼타’ 딸기를 수경재배할 때 양액의 중탄산 피해를 방지하고 식물 생육을 촉진시키기 위해서는 유황을 0.90g·L-1 이상 기비처리하는 것이 효과적이라 판단하였다.

본 연구는 경기도에 유통되는 기능성 쌀을 대상으로 농약 및 이산화황의 잔류실태를 조사하고 위해성평가를 실시하였다. 2016년 2월부터 10월까지 대형마트 및 재래시 장에서 유통되는 기능성 쌀 91건을 수거하여 수행하였다. GC/ECD, GC/NPD, GC/TOF/MS, LC/PDA, LC/FLD를 이 용한 다종농약다성분 분석법으로 220종의 잔류농약검사를 실시한 결과 3건(3.3%)에서 2종의 농약성분이 검출되었다. 검출된 농약은 살균제 농약인 propiconazole과 살균제 및 식물생장조절제 농약인 isoprothiolane이며, 검출수준은 0.0340~0.0566 mg/kg으로 MRL (Maximum Residues Limits) 대비 각각 34%, 2.8% 이하로 검출되었다. Monier-Williams 변법을 이용하여 이산화황(sulfur dioxide)을 분석한 결과 91건의 시료 모두 불검출이었다. 농약 검출량을 바탕으로 일일섭취추정량(EDI)과 일일섭취허용량(ADI)을 이용하여 위해성평가를 한 결과 %ADI (Hazard Index)는 0.24~ 1.25%로 안전한 수준이었다.

본 연구는 국내 유통되고 있는 건조 농산물 중 33종의 고구마말랭이에 대하여 이산화황, 카로티노이드 함량 및 바실러스 세레우스 오염 정도를 조사하였다. 고구마말랭이의 시료별 특징에 따라 4가지의 군집으로 분류하여 각 군집간의 이산화황, 카로티노이드 함량 및 바실러스 세레 우스 함량을 조사한 결과, 각 군집간의 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 33개의 고구마말랭이에서 잔류 이산화 황이 검출 범위는 0.38~28.16 mg/kg으로 기준인 10 mg/kg 이상으로 검출된 경우는 3건(9.09%) 이었지만, 고구마말 랭이의 이산화황 잔류 허용 기준치인 30 mg/kg을 초과하는 시료는 나타나지 않았다. 고구마말랭이는 카로티노이드에 대한 규격 기준이 없으므로 카로티노이드의 국·내 외 기준을 비교하였을 때, 본 실험에서 검출된 고구마말랭이의 카로티노이드 검출 범위는 46~2663 μg/100 g 로 카로티노이드의 함량 기준인 0~9,826 μg/100 g 의 범위 내로 확인되었다. 고구마말랭이 시료에서 바실러스 세레우스로 추정되는 집락은 대체적으로 검출되지 않았으며 7건(21.21%) 에서만 0.05~1.59 log CFU/g 범위로 검출되었지만 국내 기준치인 3 log CFU/g 은 넘지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구결과는 건조 농산물 중 고구마말랭이에 대한 기준규 격 제정 시 품질 지표 기준으로 설정할 수 있는 기초자료 로서 활용될 것으로 판단되며 국내 유통중인 고구마말랭 이에 대한 품질 관리를 위해서는 원재료부터 건조 방법 그리고 포장 후 유통까지 안정하게 공정 과정이 진행되도 록 지속적인 관리 및 유지를 해야 될 것으로 사료된다.

Basic dyes such as malachite green and methylene blue have been used as disinfectants to control water fungal infections since the 1930s. However, after succeeding reports of carcinogenicity and bioaccumulation of the dye, their use was forbidden in lieu of public health. This study undertook to evaluate the therapeutic effect of sulfur solution processed by effective microorganisms (EM-PSS) against Saprolegnia parasitica infection, and its safety in fish. In vitro antifungal evaluation of EM-PSS inhibited the growth of S. parasitica mycelia at concentrations of 50 ppm or higher. The acute toxicity test of EM-PSS to the mud fish (Misgurnus mizolepis) measured a no effect concentration (NOEC) at 100 ppm, the lowest effect concentration (LOEC) at 125 ppm, and the half-lethal concentration (LC50) at 125 ppm in juvenile and 250 ppm in the immature stage. In addition, the ecotoxicity test of EM-PSS using Daphnia magna inhibited swimming of D. magna at concentrations of 100 ppm or less. Lastly, the EM-PSS prevented infection of S. parasitica to mud fish, at concentrations of 50 ppm. Furthermore, at 100 ppm concentration, the EM-PSS showed no acute toxicity on mud fish, nor any eco-toxic effects on D. magnano. Therefore, we conclude that carcinogenic disinfectants such as malachite green and methylene blue could be replaced by EM-PSS to remove S. parasitica in mud fish farming, and might be a potential eco-friendly disinfectant in aquaculture.

This study was carried out to elucidate suppressive effect of loess-sulfur complex and neem oil on the development of leaf mold and fungus gnat in no-pesticide tomato farming system. Since tomato leaf mold occurred 15%, neem oil, loess-sulfur mixture and boscalid(47%, water soluble chemicals) 2,000 times, 1,000 times and 2000 times diluted was treated three times, respectively. When disease incidence of tomato leaf mold was investigated 20 days after final treatment, it was recorded 17% in neem oil treatment(control efficacy 40%) and 12.3% in loess-sulfur mixture treatment(control efficacy 59%). Among three control agents used, Boscalid(47%, water soluble chemicals) showed the best control effect against tomato leaf mold. When neem oil was diluted 250 times, 330 times and 500 times and treated in coir bag infected with fungus gnat, its control values was 69, 59, and 55%, respectively. There was no significant difference among three treatments. As a result, 500-fold diluted neem oil treatment is considered a good measure to control fungus gnat in the field condition.

플랜트의 유황 저장 탱크는 강재로 구성되며, 탱크 저면은 앵커볼트에 의해 Ring Wall 형상의 콘크리트 기초와 연결된다. 탱크 내 유황이 내부 열원에 의해 고온상태를 유지하기 때문에, 유황 저장 탱크는 상온의 유체를 저장하는 다른 탱크에 비해 큰 체적팽창을 겪게 된다. 일반적으로 탱크 기초의 구조설계는 기초의 내외부의 온도차를 하중으로 적용한 구조해석이 수행 되는데, 이 방법은 탱크의 열팽창 특성이 앵커볼트에 의해 집중하중 형태로 콘크리트 기초에 전달되는 현상을 고려할 수 없 다. 이는 온도하중의 영향을 과소평가하게 되며, 앵커볼트에 인접한 콘크리트의 균열을 야기한다. 본 연구는 앵커볼트에 의 한 온도 하중전달 메커니즘을 고려한 하중 평가식을 제안함으로써, 콘크리트 기초에 작용하는 하중을 보다 합리적으로 결정 하고자 한다. 이를 위해 탱크 바닥판과 앵커볼트가 포함된 유한요소모델을 이용해 앵커볼트 개수 증감에 따른 온도하중의 변화를 분석하였으며, 분석결과를 이론해와 결합해 앵커볼트에 의해 전달되는 하중을 평가할 수 있는 명시적인 형태로 해를 제시하였다. 제안된 식의 유효성을 확인하기 위해 실제 플랜트 현장의 유황 저장 탱크 설계에 적용하였으며, 실무적으로 사 용 가능함을 보였다.

Novel processable sulfur copolymer (poly(S-r-CEA)) was synthesized via facile inverse vulcanization of elemental sulfur with 2-carboxyethyl acrylate (CEA). This polysulfide was electrospun producing sulfur-rich nanofiber and tested for heavy metal sequestration. Adsorption experiments show very high and efficient Hg2+ adsorption. This work extends the novelty of inverse vulcanization chemistry by developing method for preparation of material based on inverse vulcanized polysulfide. Consequently, a new and cheap yet effective material was prepared for heavy metal sequestration from contaminated water. This work was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (2015R1A2A1A15055407) and by the Ministry of Education (No. 2009-0093816).

This study has implemented an experiment in which hydrogen sulfide was removed by establishing a two-stage packed tower effector filled with nutritious medium and also filling a tower that was immobilized in ceramic media after isolating and identifying the sulfur oxidizing bacteria from a sewage treatment plant. As a result, strains isolated from the sewage treatment plant were found to be similar, including Bacillus fusiformis, Bacillus anthracis sp., Paenibacillus sp., Serratia marcescens sp., Bacillus thuringiensis. The effector that immobilized isolated strains in the ceramic media achieved an approximately 90% removal rate of hydrogen sulfide, while the sterilized ceramic media not immobilized with isolated strains showed a removal rate of about 65%. In addition, the removal rate of hydrogen sulfide in the primary media packing effector immobilized with sulfur oxidizing bacteria was about 92%, while the secondary effector filled with medium had a hydrogen sulfide removal rate near 100%. In addition, 90% efficiency of removal was shown in conditions of EBCT 60s in the experiment that investigated removal rate of hydrogen sulfide according to residence-time, while the efficiency was rapidly reduced up to 45% in conditions of EBCT 30s. On the other hand, when operating for an extended period time while increasing the concentration of injected hydrogen sulfide, the amount of sulfate was increased from 2 mg/L to 12.7 mg/L, and pH was rapidly reduced to 2.7.

This study has implemented an experiment in which hydrogen sulfide was removed by establishing a two-stage packed tower effector filled with nutritious medium and also filling a tower that was immobilized in ceramic media after isolating and identifying the sulfur oxidizing bacteria from a sewage treatment plant. As a result, strains isolated from the sewage treatment plant were found to be similar, including Bacillus fusiformis, Bacillus anthracis sp., Paenibacillus sp., Serratia marcescens sp., Bacillus thuringiensis. The effector that immobilized isolated strains in the ceramic media achieved an approximately 90% removal rate of hydrogen sulfide, while the sterilized ceramic media not immobilized with isolated strains showed a removal rate of about 65%. In addition, the removal rate of hydrogen sulfide in the primary media packing effector immobilized with sulfur oxidizing bacteria was about 92%, while the secondary effector filled with medium had a hydrogen sulfide removal rate near 100%. In addition, 90% efficiency of removal was shown in conditions of EBCT 60s in the experiment that investigated removal rate of hydrogen sulfide according to residence-time, while the efficiency was rapidly reduced up to 45% in conditions of EBCT 30s. On the other hand, when operating for an extended period time while increasing the concentration of injected hydrogen sulfide, the amount of sulfate was increased from 2 mg/L to 12.7 mg/L, and pH was rapidly reduced to 2.7.

This study was carried out to determine the action mechanism of sulfur-grain larvae extract (SGE) on anti-obesity and the reduction of blood lipid level in high-fat diet induced obese model animals. Animals were classified into a normal diet group (NC, normal control), HFD (high-fat diet without SGE), HFD 15 (high-fat diet + oral administration of 15 mg of SGE extract per 100 g body weight) and HFD 30 (high-fat diet + oral administration of 30 mg of SGE extract per 100 g body weight). The body weight gain declined in HFD 15 and HFD 30 groups compared with the HFD group, even though the diet intake increased significantly. The weight of liver and adipose tissue increased significantly in HFD group compared with in the HFD 15 and HFD 30 groups. Triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C and AI decreased in HFD 15 and HFD 30 groups compared with in the HFD group, but the contents of HDL-C increased significantly. Expression of SREPB-1α, SREPB-2 mRNA in the liver was lower in the high-fat diet group compared with the HFD group, but the expression of LPL mRNA in adipose tissue and PPARα increased significantly. Fat accumulation in the liver tissues and liver damage were greatly reduced in HFD 15 and HFD 30 groups compared with in the HFD group. The size of adipocytes became smaller in the HFD 15 and HFD 30 groups compared with HFD group. In conclusion, this research discovered for the first time that grain maggot has anti-obesity effects, by reducing the abdominal fat of obese model animals and lowering blood lipid level through the down-regulation of PPAR-1α and SREPB-2 mRNA and the up-regulation of PPAR-α mRNA.

In this study, the growth kinetics of sulfur oxidizing bacteria, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, and the effect of dissolved oxygen were determined in low pH conditions for the effective removal of high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide. A dual growth kinetic was applied to identify the microbial growth rate at different hydrogen sulfide and oxygen concentrations in the liquid. A modified Monod-Gompertz equation was deemed most appropriate to examine the growth kinetic parameters of A. thiooxidans. The half saturation constants of hydrogen sulfide and oxygen for the modified Monod-Gompertz equation were found to be 0.9 and 1.1 mg/L, respectively. In addition, a bioreactor model, where the Monod-Gompertz equation was modified, was applied to simulate dissolved oxygen concentrations required for the removal of hydrogen sulfide. As a result, the dissolved oxygen concentrations were 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 3.3 mg/L, which were necessary to remove hydrogen sulfide to less than 10 ppm at the influent concentrations of 100, 500, 1000 and 3000 ppm, respectively. The required minimum dissolved oxygen concentrations under various conditions including reactor volume, gas retention time, and microbial concentrations can be determined using the numerical model developed in this study.

Researches on the elimination of sulfur and nitrogen oxides with catalysts and absorbents reported many problems related with elimination efficiency and complex devices. In this study, decomposition efficiency of harmful gases was investigated. It was found that the efficiency rate can be increased by moving the harmful gases together with SPCP reactor and the catalysis reactor. Calcium hydroxide(Ca(OH)2), CaO, and TiO2 were used as catalysts. Harmful air polluting gases such as SO2 were measured for the analysis of decomposition efficiency, power consumption, and voltage according to changes to the process variables including frequency, concentration, electrode material, thickness of electrode, number of electrode winding, and additives to obtain optimal process conditions and the highest decomposition efficiency. The standard sample was sulfur oxide(SO2). Harmful gases were eliminated by moving them through the plasma generated in the SPCP reactor and the Ca(OH)2 catalysis reactor. The elimination rate and products were analyzed with the gas analyzer (Ecom-AC,Germany), FT-IR(Nicolet, Magna-IR560), and GC-(Shimazu). The results of the experiment conducted to decompose and eliminate the harmful gas SO2with the Ca(OH)2 catalysis reactor and SPCP reactor show 96% decomposition efficiency at the frequency of 10 kHz. The conductivity of the standard gas increased at the frequencies higher than 20 kHz. There was a partial flow of current along the surface. As a result, the decomposition efficiency decreased. The decomposition efficiency of harmful gas SO2 by the Ca(OH)2 catalysis reactor and SPCP reactor was 96.0% under 300 ppm concentration, 10 kHz frequency, and decomposition power of 20 W. It was 4% higher than the application of the SPCP reactor alone. The highest decomposition efficiency, 98.0% was achieved at the concentration of 100 ppm.

This study was carried out to investigate the residual sulfur dioxide residues (SO2) in commercial medicinal herbs in Korea in 2013. Among a total of 116 samples of 11 different kinds of herbs, 71 samples (11 Kinds) were domestic, and 45 samples (10 Kinds) were imported. The residual contents of SO2 in the samples were determinated by a modified Monier-Williams method. Of the 116 samples, 6 samples (5.2%, 4 Kinds) failed to meet the regulations for sulfur dioxide residues of KFDA in medicinal herbs. Among 6 unsuitable samples, 1 samples (1.4%) were domestic, and 5 samples (11.1%, 3 Kinds) were imported. The highest amount of sulfur dioxide residues was 1546.3 mg/kg (Lycii Fructus) in the domestic samples. Regardless of region, SO2 contents were not found at Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Citri Unshius Pericarpium, Eucommiae Cortex, Forsythiae Fructus, Gardeniae Fructus, Leonuri Herba and Lonicerae Folium et caulis. These data will be used as a basic data for the future legislation on the regulation and control of sulfur dioxide of herbal medicines.

Due to their morphology, electrochemical stability, and function as a conducting carbon matrix, graphene nanosheets (GNS) have been studied for their potential roles in improving the performance of sulfur cathodes. In this study, a GNS/sulfur (GNS/S) composite was prepared using the infiltration method with organic solvent. The structure, morphology and crystallinity of the composites were examined using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The electrochemical properties were also characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The CV data revealed that the GNS/S composites exhibited enhanced specific-current density and ~10% higher capacity, in comparison with the S-containing, activated-carbon samples. The composite electrode also showed better cycling performance for multiple charge/discharge cycles. The improvement in the capacity and cycling stability of the GNS/S composite electrode is probably related to the fact that the graphene in the composite improves conductivity and that the graphene is well dispersed in the composites.

With industrial development, energy demands continue to rise. Fossil fuels release more air pollutants to produce the same amount of energy compared with other types of fuel. The harmful exhaust gas exacerbated by the increasing uses of vehicles also makes a contribution to the worsening of air pollution. Thus there is a need for various processing methods and technologies to eliminate harmful gases such as sulfur oxides released into the air. Researches on the elimination of sulfur and nitrogen oxides with catalysts and absorbents reported many problems due to elimination efficiency and complex devices. In an attempt to supplement them, this study set out to increase the decomposition efficiency of harmful gases by moving them through the plasma generated in the SPCP reactor and the catalysis reactor specially designed and manufactured. The study used calcium hydroxide(Ca (OH)2),CaO,andTiO2 as catalysts. Harmful air polluting gases such as SO2 were measured for decomposition efficiency, power consumption, and voltage according to changes to the process variables including frequency, concentration, electrode material, thickness of electrode, number of electrode winding, and additives to obtain optimal process conditions and the highest decomposition efficiency. The standard sample was sulfur oxide(SO2). Harmful gases were eliminated by moving them through the plasma generated in the SPCP reactor and the Ca(OH)2 catalysis reactor. The elimination rate and products were analyzed with the gas analyzer (Ecom-AC,Germany), FT-IR(Nicolet, Magna-IR560), and GC-(Shimazu). The results of the experiment conducted to decompose and eliminate the harmful gas SO2with the Ca(OH)2 catalysis reactor and SPCP reactor show 96 decomposition efficiency at the frequency of 10kHz. The conductivity of the standard gas increased according to frequency at high voltage of 20 kHz or more. There was a partial flow of current along the surface. As a result, the decomposition efficiency decreased. The use of tungsten electrode resulted in the highest decomposition efficiency by the Ca(OH)2 catalysis reactor and SPCP reactor, and it was followed by the copper and aluminum electrode in the order. As for the impacts of thickness of electrode at electric discharge, the thicker the electrode was, the higher decomposition efficiency became. As for the number of electrode winding, the more it was wound, the higher decomposition efficiency became. The decomposition efficiency of harmful gas SO2 by the Ca(OH)2 catalysis reactor and SPCP reactor was 96.0% under the conditions of 300ppm concentration, 10kHz frequency, and decomposition power of 20W. It was higher than 92% when only the SPCP reactor was used. Decomposition efficiency was the highest at 98.0% when the concentration was 100ppm. As for the effects of additives to fit actual exhaust gases, the more methane (CH4) was added, the higher decomposition efficiency became over 99%. The higher the oxygen concentration was, the higher decomposition efficiency became, as well

2010년 전국적으로 소, 돼지와 같은 동물에 구제역이 발병하였고, 이에 전국에 약 4,800여개의 매몰지가 긴급 조성되고 약 300만 마리의 동물들을 살처분 되었다. 이렇게 조성된 매몰지 내부에서는 가축사체가 부패하는 과정에서 황화수소, 메르캅탄류, 아민류 와 같은 악취물질이 생성되고, 매몰지 이설과정에서 대기 중으로 확산된다. 본 연구에서 는 가축 매몰지 이설과정 중에 발생하는 황 계열 물질을 저온 플라즈마 시스템을 적용하 여 저감하고자 하였다. 특히 플라즈마 시스템에서 상대습도에 따른 황화수소와 다이메틸 다이설파이드(DMDS) 제거량 변화를 실험적으로 확인하였다. 동일한 유입 조건에서 상대 습도가 증가함에 따라 황화수소와 DMDS의 제거율은 증가하였고, 이는 상대습도가 높아 지면서 발생하는 오존량이 증가하였기 때문이었다. 황화수소와 DMDS의 오존 반응식을 깁스 자유에너지로 비교해보면 DMDS의 오존 산화가 더 높은 에너지를 방출하는 것으로 나타나며, 이에 따라 황화수소보다는 DMDS가 먼저 오존에 의해 산화되며 남은 황화수 소는 촉매 층에서 추가 반응하는 것으로 판단된다.

도시지역 합류식 하수배제 설비인 우수받이 및 하수관거, 정화조 등에는 유기성 고형 물이 퇴적되기 쉬우며, 유기성 퇴적물이 부패되는 과정에서 고농도의 황계열 악취물질이 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 전기산화방식을 이용하여 유기성 퇴적물 내에 용존된 악취물질 및 전구물질을 저감시켜, 하수관거에서 기상으로 배출되는 악취 문제를 해결하고자 하였다. 실험실 규모의 밀폐된 회분식 반응기에 하수슬러지(COD 기준 8,000 ~ 28,000 mg·L-1)를 투입하고, 발생되는 악취물질 농도와 악취발생특성을 조사하였다. 여기에 전기산화시스템 을 적용하여 황계열 악취물질과 전체 유기물의 산화 및 분해실험을 진행하였다. 전기산 화 실험을 진행한 결과, 밀폐된 반응기의 기상에서 450 ppm의 고농도로 발생한 황화수 소가 반응 30분 이내에 검출한계 이하까지 제거되었으며, 메틸머켑탄과 디메틸설파이드 는 85% 이상 제거되었다. 투입된 전기에너지당 황계열 악취물질의 제거율은 최대 0.33 mg-S·kJ-1로 나타났다. 또한 1시간의 반응기간 동안 회분식 반응기 내에서 황계열 악취물 질 뿐만 아니라 고농도 퇴적물에 함유된 전체 유기물 농도가 56% 감소하여, 전기산화시 스템이 악취를 유발하는 유기성 전구물질을 동시에 저감하는 효과를 나타내었다. 결과적 으로 최소한의 전기에너지를 이용하여 하수관거 퇴적 유기물에 의한 악취문제를 해결할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다