Submarining is a phenomenon in that the lap belt goes over the pelvis of the occupant during a frontal crash. It is known to be one of the causes of serious abdominal injuries for the belted occupant. The goal of the current study was to investigate the effect of both the belt geometry and dummy variations on the occurrence of submarining. A series of quasi-static belt-pull tests were performed to evaluate the influence of the parameters on the occurrence of the submarining. The main influencing factor of the submarining was the lap belt angle. The tear or wrinkle of the dummy clothing and torso angle relative to the pelvis also affected the propensity of the submarining. Therefore, these parameters need to be closely monitored to obtain repeatable test results.

The purpose of the paper is to introduce a system that reduces the occurrence of weak-story in the event of earthquake. Weak-story concentrates deformation on the story and causes all member to collapse before the capacity of all member is reached. This paper introduces Strong-Back system (SB) to protect weak story. SB is a hybrid of zipper frame, tied eccentrically braced frame, and elastic truss system and it is divided into elastic and inelastic areas. Elastic areas prevent the generation of weak story by distributing energy, and inelastic areas dissipate energy through buckling or yielding. In this paper, the seismic performance is evaluated by comparing the four type braced frame with SB through push-over analysis. The four criteria are compared from the base shear, the ductility capacity, the column failure order, and the quantity of brace. As a result, SB proved to have sufficient performance to protect the weak-story.

목적: 20대 젊은 성인 34안을 선별하여 내안각을 측정하고 원데이 프리즘 밸러스트 방식으로 제조된 토릭 소프트렌즈를 착용 후 렌즈의 회전량을 측정하고, 내안각이 프리즘밸러스트 디자인으로 제조된 토릭 렌즈의 회전량에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 실험 대상자는 20~25세 사이의 젊은 성인 34안을 선별하여 난시값에 따라 –2.00D 이하와 –2.00D 이상으로 분류하였다. 안검 장력은 면봉을 이용해 눈꺼풀 반전을 통해 눈꺼풀 장력이 느슨한 경우는 배재하였다. 대상자등의 내안각을 슬릿 램프를 사용하여 T.A,B.O 각으로 분류하였다(OD:0°~15°, OS:165°~180°). OD:7°, OS:172°를 기준으로 내안각이 큰 경우와 작은 경우로 분류하였다. 렌즈 착용 후 30분 이상의 안정화 시간을 가진 후 push-up test, 상하좌우 시선 이동시 렌즈의 래그량을 평가하여 정상적인 피팅 범위 내에 측정된 피검자들을 대상으로 회전량을 측정하였다. 결과: C-2.00 이상의 난시 값 에서는 내안각이 OD:0°~7°, OS:172°~180°에서 회전량은 2.00±1.22°이었고, 내안각이 OD:7°~15°, OS:165°~172°에서 회전량은 4.75±2.75°이었다. C-2.00 미만에서는 내안각이 OD:0°~7°, OS:172°~180°에서 회전량 4.83±4.86°이었다. 내안각이 OD:7°~15°, OS: 165°~172°일 때 회전량은 5.08±3.95°로 측정되었다. 결론: 프리즘 밸러스트 디자인 토릭 소프트 렌즈에서 내안각과 관련하여 회전량을 평가하였을 때 내안각이 크고 난시량이 작을수록 상대적으로 회전량이 많이 나타나는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다

Researches on the elimination of sulfur and nitrogen oxides with catalysts and absorbents reported many problems related with elimination efficiency and complex devices. In this study, decomposition efficiency of harmful gases was investigated. It was found that the efficiency rate can be increased by moving the harmful gases together with SPCP reactor and the catalysis reactor. Calcium hydroxide(Ca(OH)2), CaO, and TiO2 were used as catalysts. Harmful air polluting gases such as SO2 were measured for the analysis of decomposition efficiency, power consumption, and voltage according to changes to the process variables including frequency, concentration, electrode material, thickness of electrode, number of electrode winding, and additives to obtain optimal process conditions and the highest decomposition efficiency. The standard sample was sulfur oxide(SO2). Harmful gases were eliminated by moving them through the plasma generated in the SPCP reactor and the Ca(OH)2 catalysis reactor. The elimination rate and products were analyzed with the gas analyzer (Ecom-AC,Germany), FT-IR(Nicolet, Magna-IR560), and GC-(Shimazu). The results of the experiment conducted to decompose and eliminate the harmful gas SO2with the Ca(OH)2 catalysis reactor and SPCP reactor show 96% decomposition efficiency at the frequency of 10 kHz. The conductivity of the standard gas increased at the frequencies higher than 20 kHz. There was a partial flow of current along the surface. As a result, the decomposition efficiency decreased. The decomposition efficiency of harmful gas SO2 by the Ca(OH)2 catalysis reactor and SPCP reactor was 96.0% under 300 ppm concentration, 10 kHz frequency, and decomposition power of 20 W. It was 4% higher than the application of the SPCP reactor alone. The highest decomposition efficiency, 98.0% was achieved at the concentration of 100 ppm.

목적: 본 연구에서는 마이봄샘의 기능과 관련된 SPEED 설문지의 신뢰성을 평가하고자 한다. 방법: 본 연구취지에 동의한 강원도에 거주하는 20대 86명을 대상으로 SPEED 설문조사를 시 행하였다. 신뢰도와 정확도가 검증된 SPEED 설문지의 영문 설문문항들을 한글 설문문항으로 제작하여 좌안과 우안에 3주 간격으로 2회 설문하고 내적일관성을 분석하였다. 결과: SPEED 설문지의 내적 일치도를 검증하기 위하여 문항의 신뢰도를 나타내는Cronbach's 알파 값은 우안과 좌안에서 각각 0.845, 0.858을 보였으며, 각 증상별로는 우안의 경우 0.811 에서 0.851까지 좌안의 경우 0.828에서 0.856까지의 높은 신뢰도가 나타났다. 결론: 마이봄샘 기능과 관련된 SPEED 설문지는 우안과 좌안의 내적 일관성에서 높은 신뢰도 를 검증하였으며 추후 정확성 검증을 위해 schirmer test, TBUT 등의 건성안 진단 검사가 필 요할 것으로 사료된다.

With industrial development, energy demands continue to rise. Fossil fuels release more air pollutants to produce the same amount of energy compared with other types of fuel. The harmful exhaust gas exacerbated by the increasing uses of vehicles also makes a contribution to the worsening of air pollution. Thus there is a need for various processing methods and technologies to eliminate harmful gases such as sulfur oxides released into the air. Researches on the elimination of sulfur and nitrogen oxides with catalysts and absorbents reported many problems due to elimination efficiency and complex devices. In an attempt to supplement them, this study set out to increase the decomposition efficiency of harmful gases by moving them through the plasma generated in the SPCP reactor and the catalysis reactor specially designed and manufactured. The study used calcium hydroxide(Ca (OH)2),CaO,andTiO2 as catalysts. Harmful air polluting gases such as SO2 were measured for decomposition efficiency, power consumption, and voltage according to changes to the process variables including frequency, concentration, electrode material, thickness of electrode, number of electrode winding, and additives to obtain optimal process conditions and the highest decomposition efficiency. The standard sample was sulfur oxide(SO2). Harmful gases were eliminated by moving them through the plasma generated in the SPCP reactor and the Ca(OH)2 catalysis reactor. The elimination rate and products were analyzed with the gas analyzer (Ecom-AC,Germany), FT-IR(Nicolet, Magna-IR560), and GC-(Shimazu). The results of the experiment conducted to decompose and eliminate the harmful gas SO2with the Ca(OH)2 catalysis reactor and SPCP reactor show 96 decomposition efficiency at the frequency of 10kHz. The conductivity of the standard gas increased according to frequency at high voltage of 20 kHz or more. There was a partial flow of current along the surface. As a result, the decomposition efficiency decreased. The use of tungsten electrode resulted in the highest decomposition efficiency by the Ca(OH)2 catalysis reactor and SPCP reactor, and it was followed by the copper and aluminum electrode in the order. As for the impacts of thickness of electrode at electric discharge, the thicker the electrode was, the higher decomposition efficiency became. As for the number of electrode winding, the more it was wound, the higher decomposition efficiency became. The decomposition efficiency of harmful gas SO2 by the Ca(OH)2 catalysis reactor and SPCP reactor was 96.0% under the conditions of 300ppm concentration, 10kHz frequency, and decomposition power of 20W. It was higher than 92% when only the SPCP reactor was used. Decomposition efficiency was the highest at 98.0% when the concentration was 100ppm. As for the effects of additives to fit actual exhaust gases, the more methane (CH4) was added, the higher decomposition efficiency became over 99%. The higher the oxygen concentration was, the higher decomposition efficiency became, as well

In this study, the air pollutant removal such as sulfur oxides was studied. A combination of the plasma discharge in the reactor by the reaction surface discharge reactor Calcium hydroxides catalytic reactor and air pollutants, hazardous gas SOx, changes in gas concentration, change in frequency, the thickness of the electrode, kinds of electrodes and the addition of simulated composite catalyst composed of a variety of gases, including decomposition experiments were performed by varying the process parameters. The experimental results showed the removal efficiency of 98% in the decomposition of sulfur oxides removal experiment when Calcium hydroxides catalysts and the tungsten(W) electrodes were used. It was increased 3% more than if you do not have the catalytic. If added to methane gas was added the removal efficiency increased decomposition.

In this study, a combination of the plasma discharge in the reactor by the reaction surface discharge reactor complex catalytic reactor and air pollutants, hazardous gas SOx, change in frequency, residence time, and the thickness of the electrode, the addition of simulated composite catalyst composed of a variety of gases, including decomposition experiments were performed by varying the process parameters. 20W power consumption 10kHz frequency decomposition removal rate of 99% in the decomposition of sulfur oxides removal experiment that is attached to the titanium dioxide catalyst reactor experimental results than if you had more than 5% increase. If added to methane gas was added, the removal efficiency increased decomposition, the oxygen concentration increased with increasing degradation rate in the case of adding carbon dioxide decreased.

This study is an analysis about BOD ,COD, SS, T-N, T-P of 4Stage-BNR, MLE + CS(Coagulating Sedimentation) , Bio-SAC BNR method of construction for 3 largest sewage treatment plants among 12 sewage treatment plants in lncheon. The purpose of this study is improving the operational effectiveness for lncheon sewage treatment plant by introducing the optimized method for quality of the discharged water.

본 연구의 목적은 유아교사의 성역할 정체감 유형에 따른 교사효능감과 행복감에 어떠한 차이를 나타내는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 서울특별시, 인천광역시, 경기지역의 유치원과 어린이집에서 근무하고 있는 유아교사 372명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구도구로는 한국형 성역할검사, 교사효능감 검사도구, 행복감 척도를 사용하였고, 수집된 연구자료는 SPSS 22.0 프로그램의 기술통계, 일원배치 분산분석(one way ANOVA)를 사용하여 분석하였다. 유아교사의 성역할 정체감 유형에 따라 교사효능감과 행복감의 수준에 차이가 있는를 살펴본 결과, 유아교사의 교사효능감 수준은 성역할 정체감 유형에 따라 유의한 차이를 나타냈으며 양성성 유형의 성역할 정체감을 가진 유아교사가 남성성유형이나 미분화 유형에 속하는 교사보다 교사효능감이 높았다. 또한, 유아교사의 행복감 수준도 마찬가지로 양성성 유형에 속하는 유아교사가 다른 성역할 정체감 유형의 유아교사보다 행복감이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

The study examined the difference in activation by using a container (1cm, 3cm) that was different in height from the other time (3 minutes, 6 minutes, 9 minutes) at the same temperature. The activation time and height of the container do not affect the strength.

The purpose of this study is to compare the strength according as variables of Hwang-Toe activation temperature based on existing references. Compressive strength tests were carried out when the activation temperature was set to 450℃, 600℃, 850℃ and the replacement ration was set to 30%, 50%. As a result, it showed that strengths of specimens overall increased to 850℃. However, strengths of specimens with 50% replacement of Hwang-Toe were significantly reduced at 450℃ and 600℃. In this regard, it is necessary to study the proper quality of activated Hwang-Toe for mortar application in the future.

본 연구는 내러티브 접근에 기반한 질문 중심 수업의 가능성을 탐색하는 것을 목적으 로 한다. 이를 위해 두 가지 연구를 수행하였다. 첫째, 문헌 연구를 통해 내러티브 교육 과 질문 중심 수업의 필요성을 진화심리학, 교육학적 관점에서 각각 고찰하였다. 둘째, 이론적 근거를 바탕으로 하여 고등학교 문학 과목의 시 수업을 직접 설계해보았다. 이를 위해 Carol Lauritzen, Michael Jaeger의 내러티브 교육과정 설계 템플릿을 활용하였다. 설계의 과정은 ‘기본 목표 및 성취 목표 고려하기’, ‘내러티브 맥락 선정하기’, ‘탐구 질문 생성하기’ 의 순서로 이루어진다.

Salmonellae are gram-negative bacilli of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Gastroenteritis was the most frequent clinical sign and osteoarticular infection like septic arthritis were extremely scarce in a patient with Salmonella infection. An immunocompromised state are known risk factors for development of septic arthritis due to Salmonella. The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has recently seen a paradigm shift with the introduction of biological therapy. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonist (anti TNF-α) have especially been able to play major roles in the treatment of RA. But there is concern that this will result in an increased incidence of infection. There have been few reports of Salmonella infection following anti TNF-α in a RA patient. Here, we report a rare case of septic arthritis of the left knee by Group B non-typhoidal Salmonella in a RA patient who was receiving etanercept therapy. The patients was treated with arthroscopy guided irrigation and debridement, and administration of intravenous antibiotics (ciprofloxacin) for 4 weeks. Since then, he achieved a full recovery from the infection.