Accurate estimation of vehicle exhaust emissions at urban intersections is essential to assess environmental impacts and support sustainable traffic management. Traditional emission models often rely on aggregated traffic volumes or measures of average speed that fail to capture the dynamic behaviors of vehicles such as acceleration, deceleration, and idling. This study presents a methodology that leverages video data from smart intersections to estimate vehicle emissions at microscale and in real time. Using a CenterNet-based object detection and tracking framework, vehicle trajectories, speeds, and classifications were extracted with high precision. A structured preprocessing pipeline was applied to correct noise, missing frames, and classification inconsistencies to ensure reliable time-series inputs. Subsequently, a lightweight emission model integrating vehicle-specific coefficients was employed to estimate major pollutants including CO and NOx at a framelevel resolution. The proposed algorithm was validated using real-world video data from a smart intersection in Hwaseong, Korea, and the results indicated significant improvements in accuracy compared to conventional approaches based on average speed. In particular, the model reflected variations in emissions effectively under congested conditions and thus captured the elevated impact of frequent stopand- go patterns. Beyond technical performance, these results demonstrate that traffic video data, which have traditionally been limited to flow monitoring and safety analysis, can be extended to practical environmental evaluation. The proposed algorithm offers a scalable and cost-effective tool for urban air quality management, which enables policymakers and practitioners to link traffic operations with emission outcomes in a quantifiable manner.

This study investigates the seismic performance of beam-column connections using Thin-Walled Steel Composite (TSC) beams and Prestressed Reinforced Concrete (PSRC) columns. TSC beams are constructed from U-shaped thin steel plates that are filled with concrete, allowing for composite action with slabs through the use of shear connectors. They are widely applied in industrial buildings due to excellent strength, stiffness, and constructability. However, slender web plates are prone to local buckling, which may compromise their performance during seismic events. To mitigate this issue, internal supports have been introduced to enhance web stability and concrete confinement. Cyclic loading tests on three specimens—with and without internal supports—demonstrated that the supports increased moment capacity, improved energy dissipation, and effectively reduced buckling. Even slender sections demonstrated performance comparable to that of compact sections. All specimens reached peak strength at a 2.44% rotation angle, with damage localized near the supports. A practical connection detail was also proposed, taking into account constructability and structural reliability. The results provide valuable guidance for the seismic design of composite systems in large-scale structures.

본 연구는 보육·교육 통합이라는 제도적 전환기 속에서 영유 아교사의 전문성과 직무 지속성을 탐구하기 위해 수행되었다. 영유아교사는 영유아 발달에 핵심적인 역할을 담당하는 전문 인력 으로, 최근 제도 변화와 사회적 요구의 확대 속에서 직무 환경의 변화를 경험하고 있다. 문헌연구 방법을 활용하여 2000년부터 2024년까지 발표된 국내외 연구를 수집·분석하였다. 문헌은 영 유아교사의 전문성과 직무 지속성을 다룬 연구와 보육·교육 통합 관련 연구를 포함하였으며, 비학술적 자료는 제외하였다. 주요 검색어는 “영유아교사”, “보육·교육 통합”, “전문성”, “직무 지속성”, “이직의도”, “professionalism”, “job retention”, “ECEC integ ration” 등이었으며, 수집된 문헌은 전문성, 직무 지속성, 제도 변화의 세 범주로 분류·검토하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째 보육·교육 통합은 영유아교사의 전문성 인식 과 직무 만족을 강화하는 긍정적 요인으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 직 무 지속성은 조직문화·동료 협력 등 조직적 자원과 부모와의 소통 등 관계적 자원에 의해 크게 영향을 받았다. 셋째, 제도 변화는 영유아교사들에게 기대와 불안을 동시에 제공하는 양면적 특성을 지니는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 국내외 선행연구의 결론 을 지지하면서도, 일부 연구에서 강조된 개인적 노력만으로는 직 무 지속성을 설명하기 어렵다는 상반된 논의도 함께 보여주었다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 보육·교육 통합 맥락에서 영유아교사의 전문성과 직무 지속성을 종합적으로 조명하였으며, 제도 변화 과정 에서 영유아교사의 정체성과 직무 환경을 균형 있게 고려해야 함 을 시사한다. 다만 문헌연구라는 한계를 지니므로, 향후 연구에서 는 실증적 자료를 활용한 양적·질적 연구가 병행될 필요가 있다.

The concept of resilience has gained increasing attention amid growing urbanization and rising vulnerability to infrastructure. While various methodologies exist for evaluating the resilience of lifeline systems, few address the distinct structural features and failure modes of railway networks. This study refines existing approaches by incorporating characteristics unique to high-speed railways, with a focus on two key aspects. First, we define the structure of railway networks by identifying nodes and links, and deriving link-specific resilience criteria based on the fragility characteristics and recovery profiles of their structural components. Second, we utilize real data from the Korean railway system to quantify the performance degradation caused by component failures during seismic events. To assess the framework’s applicability, we use a simplified network and a more complex one integrating Korea’s Honam Line and Honam High-Speed Line. The framework effectively identifies critical scenarios and provides a valuable tool for decision-makers in assessing seismic risk and planning recovery for railway infrastructure.

For estimating ground motion intensity measures on the surface from seismic sensors installed in structures, it is crucial to correct structural response effects embedded in the recorded signals. This study proposes a model for peak ground acceleration (PGA) amplification based on VS30, derived from multi-degree-of-freedom analysis. PGA amplification factor (AFPGA) is defined as the ratio of peak floor acceleration (PFA) of structures to PGA. The model includes three key input parameters: the natural period of the structures (Tn), the ratio of stories to the total number of stories in the structures, and the time-averaged shear wave velocity down to a depth of 30 meters. It is developed using 78 ground motion records from both domestic and international earthquakes. A LOESS smoothing technique is applied using 3 span values, with the optimal span of 0.1 is determined based on RMSE performance and an analysis of local trend characteristics in the dataset. The model is verified using empirical data from the CESMD global strong motion database, which includes classification by Tn into short, intermediate, and long periods. The results show that although the model tends to predict higher AFPGA values than those observed in real structures, it effectively reflects the overall amplification trends. This approach enables the pre-earthquake estimation of structural amplification, allowing for the use of seismic sensors installed in structures as a complementary monitoring network for seismic response.

CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-mediated gene editing has recently been applied to Ganoderma lucidum as a promising tool for functional genomics and strain improvement. However, the multinuclear nature of this basidiomycete can result in genetic mosaicism, raising concerns about the long-term stability of edited strains. In this study, we report the occurrence of revertant phenotypes in CRISPR/Cas9-edited transformants of G. lucidum. Although the edited colonies initially exhibited the expected phenotype, repeated subculturing led to the reappearance of wild-type phenotypes. PCR and sequencing analyses revealed the coexistence of edited and non-edited nuclei, and the progressive loss of edited genotypes over successive generations. These findings demonstrate that multinuclearity is a key factor contributing to the instability of CRISPR/Cas9-based edits in G. lucidum. This brief report provides the first direct documentation of revertant occurrence in edited G. lucidum strains and underscores the need for rigorous selection strategies and novel approaches to secure stable homokaryotic transformants in mushroom genetic engineering.

This study reports the development of a new pure white Flammulina velutipes variety, ‘Seoldan’. The breeding process involved a primary cross between a brown strain (KMCC02267) collected by the Rural Development Administration and a white cultivar ‘Baekwoon’ (KMCC05472). From this cross, a white line ‘Fv-23-553’ was selected and subsequently crossed with a superior pure white resource (KMCC05474), resulting in the novel cultivar Seoldan. Mycelial growth tests showed that both varieties grew best at 25°C; however, Seoldan exhibited faster mycelial growth than the control variety under four temperature conditions except at 20°C. In media tests, Seoldan also demonstrated superior growth on three media types, with the exception of YM medium. In sawdust bottle cultivation, The time from scratching to the first fruiting was 2 days shorter in Seoldan than in the control variety, contributing to an overall reduction in cultivation time. The most distinct morphological trait of Seoldan is its pure white cap color. The average yield was 218.8 ± 10.6 g per bottle, comparable to that of the control. Morphologically, Seoldan produced smaller pileus and thinner stipes than the control. Furthermore, somatic incompatibility tests confirmed that Seoldan is genetically distinct from the control variety. These results indicate that Seoldan is a promising pure white variety with stable productivity, improved cultivation efficiency, and clear genetic differentiation from existing varieties.

본 연구는 서예의 문화적 다양성과 예술치유 기능에 대한 국 내외 선행연구를 고찰하고, 한국과 중국의 서예 전통을 비교문화 적 관점에서 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 서예는 동아시아 전통문화에서 문자예술을 넘어서 철학, 수행, 정서 표현의 통합적 예술로 기능해 왔으며, 최근 예술치유 자원으로서의 가치가 재조 명되고 있다. 문헌 연구 방법을 통해 한국과 중국에서 발표된 서 예 관련 예술치유 사례 및 이론을 분석하고, 두 문화권이 서예를 통해 실현하는 치유기제를 비교하였다. 분석 결과, 한국의 서예 는 감정 표현, 몰입, 자아 통합을 중심으로 정서 해소형 치유기 제를 형성하고 있으며, 중국의 서예는 정신 수양, 감정 통제, 내 면 조화를 기반으로 하는 수행 중심의 치유기제로 나타났다. 이 러한 차이는 서예 기반 예술치유 프로그램 설계에 있어 문화적 맥락과 수용성, 표현 방식의 차이를 고려할 필요성을 보여준다. 본 연구는 예술치유 이론에 있어 문화적 다양성과 비교문화적 접근의 중요성을 제시하며, 서예가 현대 심리사회적 맥락에서도 효과적인 치유 도구로 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다.