Membrane fabrication is a critical area that hampers forward osmosis (FO) technology from industrialization. Herein, electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofiber (NF) was used as a support layer for thin film composite (TFC) FO membrane. The PVA NF was incorporated with sulfonated graphene oxide (sGO). The oxygenous-rich sGO enhanced the hydrophilicity and mechanical strength of PVA NF as revealed by contact angle and tensile strength measurements, and pure water flux. On this support, the active polyamide layer was formed through interfacial polymerization. Meanwhile, FO performance of sGO/PVA TFC membrane is currently being evaluated. This work was supported by NRF of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (2016R1A2B1009221 and 2017R1A2B2002109) and Ministry of Education (2009-0093816 and 22A20130012051 (BK21Plus)).

Piezodialysis involves the preferential permeation of ions over water molecules through charge mosaic membranes (CMM). This energy-efficient process incites interest as an alternative route to water desalination. But the development of effective CMMs remains a challenge due to their difficult fabrication. Herein, preparation of the positive and negative domains of a CMM were optimized. Negative poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) was blended in poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix, same as that of the positive poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride). Results reveal that a balance between the two domains is critical for the CMM to achieve high salt enrichment and mechanical stability. This work was supported by NRF funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (No. 2017R1A2B2002109) and Basic Science Research Program of Ministry of Education (2009-0093816).

Ionic liquids (ILs) are potential drawing agents in forward osmosis (FO) due to their high ionicity, low vapor pressure and high solubility. A series of ILs were investigated as draw solutes for FO application and were compared with NaCl. Water (Jv )and reverse (Js) fluxes were evaluated using commercially available HTI-CTA membrane via FO and PRO modes. FO runs were conducted using 0.3M draw solution and DI water as feed. Results reveal that ILs like BMIM acetate, BMIM bromide and N4444 acetate were able to generate high Jv but with negligible Js. This demonstrates the potential of certain ILs as FO drawing agents. This research was supported by NRF through the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (No.2016R1A2B1009221) and through Basic Science Research Program of Ministry of Education(2009-0093816).

Sulfur copolymer (poly(S-r-CEA)) was synthesized via facile inverse vulcanization of elemental sulfur with 2-carboxyethyl acrylate (CEA). Polysulfide (PS) oligomer was soluble to common solvents including DMF, producing homogenous dope solution with PAN as filler. PS-PAN was electrospun resulting to nanofiber membrane effective for Hg2+ sequestration with recorded maximum capacity of 612 mg g-1 based on Langmuir model isotherm. Kinetics, selectivity and reusability were also evaluated. This work presents new and cheap yet effective material for heavy metal sequestration from contaminated water. This work was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (2015R1A2A1A15055407) and by the Ministry of Education (No. 2009-0093816).

개인화된 제품과 서비스에 대한 소비자의 요구는 성공적인 전자상거래 플랫폼을 기반으로 하고 있다. 성공적인 전자상거래 플랫폼을 개발함에 있어 자주 간과되고 있는 중요한 요소는 바로 웹 페이지의 HTML 구조이다. HTML 구조는 전자상거래 웹사이트의 속도와 랭킹을 결정짓는 기본적인 요소이다. 본 논문은 HTML 구조를 분석하기 위한 효율적이고 다소 생소한 시각화 기법을 제안하는데, 이러한 기법을 사용하여 개발자는 잠재적인 프로그래밍 오류와 개선 사항을 발

컴퓨터 보안에 관한 최근의 황당한 기사를 읽으신다면 온라인 광고에서 얼마나 많은 문제들이 발생하고 있는지 아시게 될 것입니다. 온라인 광고는 최종 이용자가 무료로 웹사이트를 이용할 수 있는 기반이기에 온라인 광고는 어디에나 존재합니다. 하지만 광고 보안의 허점도 널리 퍼져있습니다. 예를들어 사기성 안티 스파이웨어 소프트웨어를 광고해주는 배너광고(악하다는 의미의“Mal”수식어와 광고“Advertisement”가 합쳐 Malvertisement라고함)에서부터 부정클릭 및 스파이웨어와 에드웨어까지 온라인 광고의 보안 허점은 눈에 띄게 많습니다. 지난 5년 동안 저는 이용자를 속이는 수백 개의 사기성 온라인 광고를 발견했습니다. (웹의 최고 광고주들은 말할 것도 없습니다) 제가 찾은 사기성 온라인 광고, 이용자와 광고주가 그들을 어떻게 보호할 수 있는지에 대해 본 장에서 요약하겠습니다.

Background : Ginseng root rot is a devastating disease caused by the fungus, Ilyonectria mors-panacis that generally attacks younger roots (-2 years), leading to defects in root quality, ginsenoside accumulation and also life cycle of the plant. Hence, there is an indispensable need to develop strategies resulting in tolerance against ginseng root rot. The protective role of silicon during pathogen infestation is well documented in other plant systems and a previous study demonstrated that silica nanoparticles are absorbed and accumulated more than the bulk silica in maize. However, the role of silica in ginseng-root rot pathosystem is unknown. Methods and Results : In the present study, we evaluated the effect of silica nanoparticles (N-SiO2) in Panax ginseng during I. mors-panacis infection. Long term analysis (30 dpi) revealed a striking 50% reduction in disease severity index upon 1 mM and 2 mM treatment of N-SiO2. However, N-SiO2 did not have any direct antifungal activity against I. mors-panacis. Candidate genes and metabolites based approach revealed jasmonic acid (JA) mediated sterol accumulation and incresed ginsenside biosyntesis as the key transcriptional reprogramming events orchestrated by N-SiO2 during the fungal infection. Conclusion : In a nut shell, N-SiO2 administration induces transcriptional reprogramming in ginseng roots, leading to increased phytosterol and ginsenosides synthesis resulting in enhanced tolerance against I. mors-panacis.

Background : Anemarrhena asphodeloides has efficacy such as anti-fungal, anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, Anti-UV etc. Metal nanoparticles are used for photo imaging, cancer resection and drug delivery etc in medical field. Therefore A. asphodeloides nanoparticles will be expected better efficacy for therapeutic properties in medical field. Methods and Results : The water extract of A. asphodeloides mediated the synthesis of Aa-AgNPs and Aa-AuNPs. Their characterized by several physicochemical techniques such as UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FE-TEM, EDX spectroscopy, SAED pattern, DLS size analysis, XRD analysis, and FTIR analysis. Both Aa-Ag/AuNPs were evaluated for cytotoxicity towards 3T3-L1, A549, HT29 and MCF7. Aa-AgNPs and Aa-Au NPs were found to be spherical, face-centered cubic nanocrystals with hydrodynamic diameter of 190 and 258 ㎚. In vitro cytotoxic analysis revealed that up to 50 ㎍/㎖-1 concentration Aa-Au NPs did not exhibit any toxicity on 3T3-L1, HT29 and MCF7 cell lines, while being specifically cytotoxic to A549 cell line. On the contrary, Aa-Ag NPs displayed a significantly higher toxicity in all cell lines specially MCF7 cell line. ROS generation was not affected by Aa-Au NPs, but Aa-AgNPs has a higher potential to induce oxidative stress in A549 cells than HT29 and MCF7 cells. Aa-Au NPs have the potential for anticancer agent during lung cancer treatment. Aa-AgNPs is also exhibited to inhibit cell migration by induce oxidatie stress. Conclusion : The Aa-Au/AgNPs might have the anticancer potential and might be effective in the lung cancer therapy, however further evaluation is must needed.

국산소맥의 제분율에 대한 객관적 평가를 위해1977연산의 한국과 미국의 대표품종을 택하여 워싱턴 주서북부 연질밀 연구실에서 Buhler제분기에 의한 제분시험을 실시한 결과 다음과 같이 요약되었다. 1. 품종별 제분율은 Paha 75.0％(평년 75.1％)로 가장 높았고 영광 72.3％, 조광 71.4％, 원광 69.7％, Nugaines 68.3％(평년 71.3)이었다. 2. 총분과 상연분의 수율, 회분함량, 제분 소요시간등에 의한 제분평점은 Paha 91.6(평년 91.6), 영광 85.1, 조광 80.4 Nugaines79.2(평년 84.6) 원광 76.3의 순위이었다. 특허 한국품종은 모두 제분소요시간이 미국품종보다 길었는데 이는 대립종 이라는데에 원인이 있는 것으로 추정하였다. 3. 중합적으로 본 국산품종의 제분성은 White club의 Paha품종보다는 뒤지나 Soft white의 Nugaines품종(40％의 재배면적을 가진 품종)보다는 최소한 같거나 나은 것으로 볼 수 있었다.