Purpose: As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a global crisis in 2020, nursing students experienced an abrupt transition from offline to online classes. An in-depth understanding of the online learning experiences of nursing students can be used to reorganize nursing education during the pandemic. Therefore, this study explored the online learning experiences of nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive qualitative design was employed. This study used purposive sampling to recruit 20 nursing students from a nursing college. Data were collected between November 2021 and March 2022 using semi-structured focus groups or one-to-one in-depth interviews. The collected data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results: Five main categories emerged from the analysis: (a) ambivalence toward rapidly changing learning methods, (b) becoming familiar with online learning, (c) facing the limitations of online learning environment, (d) discovering the charm of online learning, and (e) making suggestions for future online learning. Conclusion: Nursing students experienced disappointments and concerns about online learning classes in rapidly changing situations but also experienced an efficient aspect. Psychological support and the latest information should be provided to nursing students who may experience psychological distress during this pandemic. Additionally, learning strategies and methods should be reorganized to reflect the characteristics of nursing courses and the preferences of nursing students.

본 연구의 목적은 영성과 심리적 안녕감 간의 자기자비의 매개효과이다. 연구도구로 는 영성(the Korean Spirituality Scale; KSS), 자기자비(the Korean version of Self-Compassion Scale; K-SCS), 심리적 안녕감(the Death Attitude profile-Revised and the Psychological Well-Being Scale; PWBS)을 분석하였다. 자료 분석은 IBM SPSS V.22 와 M-Plus 6.12(Muthn & Muthn, 1998-2011)과 매개효과를 검증하기 위해 Bootstrapping을 사용했다. 결과로는 영성은 심리적 안녕감에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며(B=.332, p<.001), 영성이 자기자비(B=.319, p<.001)에, 자기자비는 심 리적 안녕감에(B=.381, p<.001) 순차적으로 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 과정을 통하여 영성과 심리적 안녕감의 사이에서 자기자비를 토대로 한 매개효과의 경로 및 간 접효과를 확인했다. 이러한 점은 영성, 자기자비와 심리적 안녕감의 매개효과유의성검증 을 하는데 의의가 있다.

This study was aimed at finding pedagogical answers to the question of ‘what are the qualities of native English speakers at a Korean middle school’. In this study, research results were derived using phenomenological methods from seven native English teachers at a middle school. The results of the study are as follows; 1) native English teachers should teach English effectively, 2) native English teachers should be able to adapt to their positions in Korea, 3) native teachers are ‘new information providers’ and ‘introducers of new cultures’. Korean society has focused on the external conditions and specifications of native speakers. However, it is now necessary to clearly define the qualities that native teachers should have and use them for recruitment and education of native teachers. Also, native teachers who want to work in Korea need to be trained according to the cultural and educational situation in Korea. Through this study,it is critical to consider measures to improve the legal status of native English teachers.

The restraints are used in the intensive care unit as a way to restrict the movement of the whole body or part of the body for the safety of the patient, such as maintaining medical equipment, preventing falls and patient self tube removal through regulating the patient's behavior. However, the physical restraints are used for the physical safety of the patient, but that is cause a variety of physical and psychological complications. Thus, nurses in intensive care units who apply restraint on face an ethical dilemma in the confrontation between the nurse's duty to improve the patient's health and protect the patient's safety and the value of the patient's autonomy and dignity. We have two examples are proposed to identify the ethical dilemma situation faced by nurses, to induce an active attitude towards elimination by establishing exactly restraint - removal criteria. In addition, it is proposed to seek a balance of individual values through active communication between the patient and the medical staff regarding the application of the restraint.

With the enforcement of the “Act on decisions on life-sustaining treatment for patients at the end of life” in February 2018, discussion on advanced care planning (ACP) has increased. However, as decisions on life-sustaining treatments are still made in the intensive care unit, deaths related to the suspension of life-sustaining treatment account for a large proportion of deaths in the intensive care unit. The nurses encounter challenges in supporting the patient's dignified death; they experience an ethical dilemma in the ambiguity due to a lack of guidance on legal responsibilities regarding decisions on life-sustaining treatment. In order for the nurses to perform as a supporter providing care to the patients and as a advocate during the process of decision-making on life-sustaining treatment, there should be a systemic change to ensure the nurses' participation. In addition, an open and continuous discussion should be proposed to cultivate nurses’ ethical sensitivity and moral courage. This paper reports two ethical examples related to the decisions on life-sustaining treatment occurred in intensive care units of a tertiary hospital.

본 연구를 실시하는 목적은 자기성찰과 정신건강 간에서 나타나는 5요인 마음챙김 경로 및 간접효과유의성을 검증하고자 하는데 있다. 본 연구대상은 익산시와 평택시의 애견훈련센터에 방문하는 성인남녀 140명에게 설문조사를 한 후 표기가 불분명한 자료를 제외한 129명의 자료를 토대로 분석하였다. 분석에 사용된 측정도구로는 자기성찰, 5요인 마음챙김, 정신건강에 관한 설문지였다. 본 연구의 자료분석을 위하여 M-Plus 6.12를 활용해 분석하였다. 본 연구의 매개효과에 대한 결과분석에서 자기성찰은 5요인 마음챙김(β=.358, t=4.187, p <.001)에 유의한 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 5요인 마음챙김은 정신건강(β=.264, t=2.445, p <.01) 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 더불어 간접효과유의성검증결과에서 자기성찰이 5요인 마음챙김을 경유하여 정신건강에 이르는 경로의 경우의 간접효과(β=0.123, CI[0.014 ~ 0.319])는 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 과정을 통하여 자기성찰과 정신건강과 5요인 마음챙김의 관계성 검증분석을 토대로 한 경로 및 간접효과유의성검증을 확인할 수 있었다