The Government of Vietnam recently issued a Strategy for Intellectual Property 2030 and amended the Law on Intellectual Property in 2022 for the economic development of Vietnam through stimulating innovation and creativity. Many solutions are recommended to foster the integration of research and development, and intellectual property such as recycling, water cleaning, treatment of poisonous exhausted air, energy saving, green technology for conserving ecosystems. To have more inventions and patents, Vietnam needs to protect its intellectual property rights (IPRs) involving all its various sectors and entities more. However, the current status of IPRs protection in Vietnam shows limitations in this field due to lack of appropriate legal rules on civil and criminal sanctions. This article will give an overview of IPRs protection in Vietnam and then analyze some current provisions relating to civil and criminal sanctions for IPRs infringement based on the experiences of some foreign countries. It will also recommend some solutions for overcoming these challenges.

이 논문은 예이츠의 녹색 투구의 부제목 “영웅적 소극”의 의미를 파악 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 먼저 희곡 속의 인물들에 관한 탐구를 통해서 이 희곡의 부제 “영웅적 소극”의 의미를 파악한다. 그 과정에서 영웅적인 쿠훌린과 반 영웅적 인물들의 대립을 논의한다. 또한 1907년 존 밀링턴 싱의 희곡 서부의 플레이보이의 첫 공연에서 시작된 폭동과 연관하여 이 역사적 사건의 혼란스러움을 풍자하고 그러한 상황에서 요 구되는 영웅적 태도를 제시하려는 의도가 부제목에 반영되어 있음을 주장한다. 마지막으 로 이 희곡의 부제목은 예이츠가 제시한 이상적인 영웅주의는 당시의 아일랜드 사람들 에게는 하나의 소극에 불과한 것이었다는 극작가의 냉소를 포함한다는 것을 지적한다.

The feathery branched green alga Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) C. Agardh bloomed at Songji Beach, Haenam, Korea, in November 2022. A terrible stench was present on the beach, and the bottom was covered in a thick green mat of green algae. The alga was identified as B. plumosa, which is an opportunistic species currently distributed worldwide. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) were analyzed in the bloomed area and compared with those of other vicinities. The DIN and DIP concentrations were 1.067 and 0.461 mg L-1, respectively, which were 6 to 19 times higher than the average concentrations on southwest coasts, including Haenam. The B. plumosa bloom at Songji Beach in November 2022 appears to have depended on DIN and DIP concentrations in seawater. In this study, we report on the mass occurrence of B. plumosa, which appeared for the first time in Korea. This occurrence was found to be closely related to the concentration of nutrients in seawater. Therefore, it is necessary to manage the concentration of nutrients on land flowing into coastal waters to control green algal blooms such as Bryopsis.

An environmentally friendly and low-cost chitosan-containing polysaccharide (CP) composite ZIF-8/CP was designed and prepared based on the difficulty of separating the traditional adsorbent from the water phase. ZIF-8/CP was synthesized through in-situ growth approach. The physical, chemical and structure properties of ZIF-8/CP were determined through a series of characterization methods, including SEM, FT-IR and PXRD. The effects of touch time, pH, temperature, and coexisting ions on adsorption were assessed. In addition, kinetics, isotherms of adsorption and thermodynamics were examined. The data of isotherms for adsorption indicated that the adsorption of ZIF-8/CP on MG was similar to the Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 1428.57 mg/g. Moreover, the kinetic parameters were consistent with the pseudo- 2nd-order equation. Thermodynamic studies (ΔG < 0, ΔH > 0) demonstrated a heat-absorbing and spontaneous adsorption process. Our study reveals that ZIF-8/CP has good adsorption properties and environmental properties.

Organic wastewater causes serious environmental pollution, and catalytic oxidation is promising technique for wastewater treatment. Developing green and effective catalysts is currently challenging. In this work, green synthesis of nano zerovalent iron loaded onto porous biochar derived from popcorn is conducted, and catalytic oxidation of Rhodamine B (RhB) is evaluated in the presence of H2O2. Effect of process factors is examined on catalytic performance for RhB removal. The mechanism of RhB removal is discussed by characterizations (Fourier transform infrared spectra and Raman) and UV–vis spectra. RhB removal is improved with high catalyst dosage, low initial RhB concentration, and high reaction temperature, while it is slightly influenced by carbonization temperature of biochar, H2O2 dosage and pH value. Under conditions of BC-250 1.0 g/L, H2O2 0.01 mol/L, pH 6.1, and temperature 30 °C, the removal rate of RhB is 92.27% at 50 min. Pseudo first-order kinetics is used to fitting experimental data, and the activation energy for RhB removal in BC-250/H2O2 system is 39 kJ/mol. RhB removal in BC-250/H2O2 system can be attributed to adsorption effect and catalytic oxidation with the dominant role of hydroxyl radical. This work gives insights into catalytic oxidation of organic wastewater using green catalyst.

제충국(Tanacetum cineariaiaefolium), 데리스(Derris elliptica), 고삼(Sophora flavescens) 추출물은 다양한 해충을 방제하는데 사용되고 있다. 하지만, 국내에서 판매되고 있는 식물추춞물 자재는 유효성분의 표기가 없고, 살충농도와 살충시간에 대한 자료가 전무한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 상 용화된 주요 식물추출물의 살충유효성분의 농도를 결정하고 복숭아혹진딧물에 대해 살충농도와 살충시간을 측정하였다. 식물추출물의 살충활성성분 인 pyrethrins, rotenone, matrine과 oxymatrine의 농도는 액체 크로마토그래피에서 표준물질을 활용하여 질량분석을 통해 측정하였다. 식물추출 물을 농도별로 희석하여 복숭아혹진딧물에 살포하여 살충력을 측정하였다. 표준화합물과 비교한 후 질량분석 및 결정했습니다. Myzus persicae에 대 한 lethal concentation과 lethal time을 조사했다. 살포 후 48시간 후 치사 농도(LC50)는 pyrethrins (20.4 ppm), roteone (34.1 ppm), matrine (29.6 ppm)였고, 100 ppm 살포한 LT50은 pyrethrins (13.4시간), rotenone (15.1시간), matrine (14.4시간)로 측정되었다. Kaplan-Meier 생존분 석 결과, 100 ppm에서 세 가지 식물 추출물의 LT50은 대조구인 화학 살충제인 Sulfoxaflor를 살포 처리구보다 유의하게 빨랐습니다. 본 결과는 복숭 아혹진딧물 방제를 위해 식물추출물의 제형화에 단일 또는 혼합 제제를 개발하는데 기준 살충농도와 살충시간을 제고하는데 의미가 있다.

In Korea, as part of the Green New Deal project toward a carbon-neutral society, it is necessary to build a climate-resilient urban environment to green the city, space, and living infrastructure. To this end, SWMM-ING was improved and the model was modified to analyze the carbon reduction effect. In addition, I plan to select target watersheds where urbanization is rapidly progressing and evaluate runoff, non-point pollution, and carbon reduction effects to conduct cost estimation and optimal design review for domestic rainwater circulation green infrastructure. In this study, green infrastructure facilities were selected using SWMM-ING. Various scenarios were presented considering the surface area and annual cost of each green infrastructure facility, and The results show that the scenario derived through the APL2 method was selected as the optimal scenario. In this optimal scenario, a total facility area of 190,517.5 m2 was applied to 7 out of 30 subwatersheds to achieve the target reduction. The target reduction amount was calculated a 23.50 % reduction in runoff and a 26.99 % reduction in pollutant load. Additionally, the annual carbon absorption was analyzed and found to be 385,521 kg/year. I aim to achieve additional carbon reduction effects by achieving the goal of reducing runoff and non-point pollution sources and analyzing annual carbon absorption. Moreover, considering the scale-up of these interventions across the basin, it is believed that an objective assessment of economic viability can be conducted.

본 연구는 관수조건에 따른 지피식물의 생육특성을 파악하고 수분 스트레스 후 생육 회복력을 평가하 기 위하여 수행되었다. 지피식물로 많이 사용되는 초본류 4종을 대상으로 피복의 목적을 달성할 수 있 는 적정 식재간격을 도출하였으며, 또한 관수처리 유형에 따른 생육 및 피복률의 변화를 분석하였다. 식물마다 피복효과를 달성하기 위한 적정 식재간격에 차이가 있었다. 돌단풍은 30～35cm, 송엽국은 30～40cm간격, 꽃잔디는 40cm이상, 돌나물은 20cm미만의 식재간격이 효과적이다. 관수처리에 따른 생육특성을 분석한 결과 관수가 지속적으로 이루어지면 초장이 길지만 처리기간 동안 생육의 변화는 거의 없었다. 피복률은 관수처리와 식물에 따라 차이가 있다. 송엽국과 돌단풍은 무관수 20일 후 관수가 이루어지면 피복률도 회복되었으며, 꽃잔디는 관수가 이루어지고 나서 시간이 경과된 후에 피복률을 회복하였다. 피복이 전체적으로 이루어진 이후에는 토양 수분부족에 의한 피복률의 변화가 거의 없었 으나 피복 초기에 수분이 공급되지 않으면 피복에 어려움이 있다. 꽃잔디, 송엽국, 돌단풍은 일정기간 무관수가 지속되더라도 다시 관수가 이루어지면 회복이 될 수 있다. 즉 식물관리에 있어서 종 마다 차이 는 있으나 관수관리가 중요하며, 일정기간 무관수 후 관수가 이루어지면 생육이 회복될 수 있다.

Tb3+-doped CaNb2O6 (CaNb2O6:Tb3+) thin films were deposited on quartz substrates at a growth temperature of 300 °C using radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The deposited thin films were annealed at several annealing temperatures for 20 min and characterized for their structural, morphological, and luminescent properties. The experimental results showed that the annealing temperature had a significant effect on the properties of the CaNb2O6:Tb3+ thin films. The crystalline structure of the as-grown CaNb2O6:Tb3+ thin films transformed from amorphous to crystalline after annealing at temperatures greater than or equal to 700 °C. The emission spectra of the thin films under excitation at 251 nm exhibited a dominant emission band at 546 nm arising from the 5D4 → 7F5 magnetic dipole transition of Tb3+ and three weak emission bands at 489, 586, and 620 nm, respectively. The intensity of the 5D4 → 7F5 (546 nm) magnetic dipole transition was greater than that of the 5D4 → 7F6 (489 nm) electrical dipole transition, indicating that the Tb3+ ions in the host crystal were located at sites with inversion symmetry. The average transmittance at wavelengths of 370~1,100 nm decreased from 86.8 % at 700 °C to 80.5 % at an annealing temperature of 1,000 °C, and a red shift was observed in the bandgap energy with increasing annealing temperature. These results suggest that the annealing temperature plays a crucial role in developing green light-emitting CaNb2O6:Tb3+ thin films for application in electroluminescent displays.

In this study, we aimed to develop a fermented green rice beverage with a unique flavor and physiological function activity. With glutinous green rice and rice nuruk as independent variables, we modeled the antioxidant characteristics and α-glucosidase, α-amylase inhibitory activity of glutinous green rice fermented beverage to verify its significance. The total flavonoid content and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were selected as Quadratic models, and DPPH radical scavenging ability and α-amylase inhibitory activity were selected as linear models. For the sensory characteristics of glutinous green rice fermented beverage, sweetness, sourness, savory taste, bitterness, throat feel, nuruk scent, and overall preference increased in preference as the amount of glutinous green rice and rice nuruk increased, but significantly decreased after the center point (p<0.01). A blending ratio of 180.00 g of glutinous green rice and 400.00 g of rice nuruk had the highest preference among all the sensory items. Based on these results, we developed a green rice fermented beverage with unique flavor and physiological function activity of rice using glutinous green rice and rice nuruk, and the optimal blending ratio was determined to be 164.04 g of white rice, 195.96 g of glutinous green rice, and 414.61 g of rice nuruk.

This study aimed to investigate the changes in bioactive compounds across the ripening stages of three pepper cultivars, each characterized by unique skin colors. The samples used in this study consisted of three pepper cultivars distinguished by their skin colors as green, purple, and yellow green at breaker ripening stage. Samples were harvested at each of the four ripening stages, including premature, breaker, turning, and mature, and subjected to analysis for various bioactive compounds, including capsaicin, ascorbic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, and sugars. In all cultivars with varying skin colors, the capsaicin content within green pepper fruits consistently increased as the ripening stages advanced. Ascorbic acid was most abundant during the premature stage of development in purple and green cultivars, subsequently declining as maturation progressed. In the case of the purple cultivar, kaempferol content decreased by approximately 30% at the mature stage, while the green cultivar exhibited a gradual increase in kaempferol content with maturation. Conversely, the kaempferol content of the yellow green cultivar rapidly declined as maturation progressed. Regarding quercetin content, the purple and green cultivars tended to decrease with maturity, while the yellow green cultivar displayed an increasing trend. Furthermore, the accumulation patterns of glucose, fructose, and sucrose, the predominant free sugars in green pepper fruit, demonstrated an inclination to increase as the maturation stage advanced in both purple and green cultivars. In contrast, the yellow green cultivar initially showed an elevation in free sugar content during the immature stage, followed by a minor reduction during maturation and a subsequent rise during the mature stage. Each pepper cultivar, distinguished by its unique skin color, exhibits varying levels of bioactive substances at different ripening stages. Therefore, optimal harvesting and utilization should align with periods when the desired substance content is at its peak.

기후변화 대응과 새로운 소득작물로 아열대작물이 도입되어 재배면적이 증가하고 있다. 그린빈은 아메리카 중남부가 원산지인 콩과 작물로 미성숙 꼬투리를 다양한 요리에 이용하는데 최근 수요가 증가하면서 재배면적 이 확대되고 있다. 새로운 작물이 도입됨에 따라 안정재배를 위한 방제 대상 해충을 설정하기 위하여 재배시기별 해충 종류와 피해정도를 조사하였다. 4월 중순에 파종한 그린빈에서는 생육초기부터 총채벌레 발생이 많았으 며, 5월 하순 이후 발생밀도가 급격하게 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 7월 상순에 파종한 그린빈에서는 8월 하순부터 아메리카잎굴파리 피해가 증가하여 9월 상순에 피해엽률이 50% 이상으로 발생이 심하였으며, 응애류와 총채벌 레류 발생이 많은 경향이었다.

2022년 캠벨얼리 재배면적은 4,397ha(32.7%)으로 샤인머스켓에 이어 두 번째로 많이 재배하는 품종이다. 포도 과원에서 보고된 장님노린재에는 애무늬고리장님노린재와 초록장님노린재가 있으며, 포도 신초를 가해해 잎 이 자라면서 구멍이 나고, 포도알을 흡즙해 포도알 표피를 코르크화해 상품성을 떨어뜨린다. 애무늬고리장님노 린재는 약충은 3~4mm, 성충은 4~5mm 정도이며, 몸 색깔은 엷은 녹색을 띄고, 다리(설상부) 끝이 검어 초록장님노 린재와 구분된다. 조사지점에서는 애무늬고리장님노린재만 채집되었으며, 나무당 0~4.8마리가 발견되었다. 4월 하순 상대습도 40% 이상이고, 일평균기온이 13℃ 이상 10일 정도 경과하였을 때 알에서 부화해 신초를 가해 하기 시작했다. 5월 하순부터 성충이 되며, 포도원 살충제 살포로 인해 개체수가 감소하였다가 7월 초경에 초목성 식물에서 포도원으로 들어와 새로 나오는 포도 부초를 가해하였다. 방제시기에 따라 상품과일 무게가 차이가 났는데 잎전개기, 꽃송이분리기, 착과기 3회 방제시 수량감소율이 1%인데 비해 잎전개기에만 방제시 3.5%, 꽃송 이분리기에만 방제시 7.9%, 무처리구에서는 15.6%로 방제 시기에 따라 상품과일 감소량이 차이나는 것을 알 수 있었다.