본 연구는 50대 직업여성의 나이 듦에 대한 인식변화의 본질적 의미와 체험한 바를 어떻게 지각하고 받아들이는지에 대한 탐색을 목적으로 둔 다. 이를 위해 Giorgi의 현상학적 연구 방법을 적용하였고, 50~60세의 직업여성 6명을 대상으로 2024년 12월 4일부터 12월 29일까지 포커스 그룹 면담 및 개인 면담이 이루어졌다. 면담을 통해 자료를 수집하고 면 담 내용을 녹음한 것을 전사하여 분석하였다. 자료 분석 결과는 본질적 주제 4개와 구성요소 10개, 의미 단위 38개로 도출되었다. 본질적 주제 4개는 “어제의 나”, “중년의 나”, “장년(지금)의 나”, “내일의 나”이다. 구성요소 10개는 “외골진 생각”, “반갑지 않은 생각”, “나이 듦에 관한 생각”, “소통에 관한 생각”, “이해하는 삶”, “변화하는 삶”, “즐기는 삶”, “주체적인 삶”, “성숙한 삶”, “조력자의 삶”으로 도출되었다. 본 연구는 노년의 문턱에 있는 50대 직업여성의 나이 듦에 대한 인식변화에 대하여 살펴보며 중년의 삶을 이해하는 데 기초자료로 활용되어 중년에 특성을 고려한 교육 및 프로그램 개발에 도움이 되며, 맞춤형 정책으로 중장년 이 성공적인 노후를 준비할 수 있기를 기대한다.

The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology was established in March 1970 by Dr. Young Pill Cho. Successive chairpersons of the department have included Dr. Han Kook Cho, Dr. Jaeo Cho, Dr. Eun Chull Kim, and Dr. Sang Wook Kang, who held the position until 2021. The tasks of the Department of Oral Pathology include conducting lectures and laboratory work for undergraduate dental students, as well as for graduate students pursuing MSD and PhD degrees. The department also engages in research within the field of oral pathology and provides diagnostic services for tissues obtained from diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial regions. The objectives of the department are to equip students with the appropriate knowledge and skills to diagnose and develop accurate treatment plans for diseases affecting oral and maxillofacial structures through lectures and laboratory work after graduation. Since the establishment of the Master's and PhD programs in Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, a total of 94 individuals have completed the Master's program, 45 individuals have completed the PhD program, and 1 individual has completed the Master-PhD collaboration program. Each participant completed their respective courses and obtained the appropriate degrees following the evaluation of their graduation theses.

1796년 봄에 김홍도(金弘道, 1745-1806년 이후)가 그린 ≪병진년화첩(丙辰年 畵帖)≫(1796년, 리움미술관(구(舊) 삼성미술관 리움) 소장)은 그가 이전에 추구했던 정묘(精妙)한 화풍 및 호방(豪放)한 화풍과는 완전히 다른 면모를 보여준다. 이 화첩 속 그림들은 단순한 화면 구성, 시정(詩情)적이고 평화로운 분위기, 간략한 산수, 인 물, 동물 묘사를 특징으로 하는 새로운 화풍으로 그려졌다. 김홍도가 ≪병진년화첩≫ 에서 사용한 화풍은 간이(簡易), 간솔(簡率)함을 특징으로 하는 전형적인 문인화풍(文 人畵風)이다. 즉 김홍도는 평담(平淡)한 문인화풍을 사용해 산수, 인물, 풍속, 화조를 그렸다고 할 수 있다. ≪병진년화첩≫은 총 20폭으로 구성되어 있다. 김홍도는 충청 북도 단양(丹陽) 지역의 명승지들인 옥순봉(玉筍峯), 사인암(舍人巖)과 도담삼봉(島潭 三峯), 뱃놀이하는 사람들, 낚시꾼들, 외나무다리를 건너는 노인, 숲속에 뜬 둥근달, 소를 타고 강물을 건너는 사람들, 쟁기질하는 농부, 오리, 백로, 까치, 꿩 등을 담담 (淡淡)한 필치로 그렸다. 이 그림들에는 풍속, 동물, 새, 꽃들이 산수 배경과 잘 어우 러진 풍경들이 나타나 있다. 김홍도는 이 화첩에서 단순한 구도, 정적(靜的)이며 서정 적인 분위기, 간략하고 부드러운 필묵법(筆墨法), 맑은 담채(淡彩)의 사용 등 그의 이 전 그림과는 완전히 다른 새로운 화풍(畵風)을 구사하였다. ≪병진년화첩≫은 직업화가에서 사대부적 취향을 지닌 문인적 화가로 변신하려 고 했던 김홍도의 의식 변화를 보여주는 동시에 간솔, 평담천진(平淡天眞)한 화풍이 라는 그의 새로운 화풍을 선보인 작품이다. 결국 ≪병진년화첩≫은 김홍도의 화가로 서의 생애에 일대 ‘전환점’을 제공한 작품이라고 평가할 수 있다. 이 화첩에서 주목 되는 것은 김홍도가 주변에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 풍경과 사물이 지닌 가치를 발견하고 담담하게 기록했다는 점이다. 즉 이 화첩은 ‘일상의 발견과 기록’이라는 김홍도의 혁 신적인 작화(作畵) 태도를 보여준다. ‘일상의 발견과 기록’이라는 측면에서 김홍도의 새로운 회화적 실험은 명나라의 저명한 문인화가인 심주(沈周, 1427-1509)의 작화 태도와 매우 유사하다. 심주는 일상에서 마주치는 동물, 식물, 사람들을 담박(淡泊)한 필치로 묘사하였다. 기존의 문인화와는 달리 심주는 일상이 지닌 가치를 발견하고 소 경(小景), 즉 주변의 작은 경치와 풍경 및 그 속에서 생활하는 사람과 생물들을 관조적인 자세로 충실히 기록하였다. 이러한 일상의 발견과 기록이라는 화가의 태도와 작화 방식에서 김홍도와 심주는 매우 닮았다. 김홍도와 심주가 그린 문인화 작품들은 문인 화론(文人畵論)의 미학적 핵심인 ‘평담천진’의 회화적으로 구현이라고 할 수 있다.

The present research focuses on the tribological behavior of the AA5083 alloy-based hybrid surface composite using aluminosilicate and multi-walled-carbon nanotube through friction stir processing for automotive applications. The friction stir processing parameters (tool rotation and traverse speed) are varied based on full factorial design to understand their influence on the tribological characteristics of the developed hybrid composite. The surface morphology and composition of the worn hybrid composite are examined using a field-emission scanning electron microscope and an energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscope. No synergistic interaction is observed between the wear rate and friction coefficient of the hybrid composite plate. Also, adhesive wear is the major wear mechanism in both base material and hybrid composite. The influence of friction stir process parameters on wear rate and the friction coefficient is analyzed using the hybrid polynomial and multi-quadratic radial basis function. The models are utilized to optimize the friction stir processing parameters for reducing the rate of wear and friction coefficient using multi-quadratic RBF algorithm optimization.

AA1050/AA6061/AA1050 layered sheet was fabricated by cold roll-bonding process and subsequently T4 and T6 aging-treated. Two commercial AA1050 sheets of 1 mm thickness and one AA6061 sheet of 2 mm thickness were stacked up so that an AA6061 sheet was located between two AA1050 sheets. After surface treatments such as degreasing and wire brushing, they were then roll-bonded to a thickness of 2 mm by cold rolling. The roll-bonded Al sheets were then processed by natural aging (T4) and artificial aging (T6) treatments. The as roll-bonded Al sheets showed a typical deformation structure, where the grains are elongated in the rolling direction. However, after the T4 and T6 aging treatments, the Al sheets had a recrystallized structure consisting of coarse grains in both the AA5052 and AA6061 regions with different grain sizes in each. In addition, the sheets showed an inhomogeneous hardness distribution in the thickness direction, with higher hardness in AA6061 than in AA1050 after the T4 and T6 age treatments. The tensile strength of the T6-treated specimen was higher than that of the T4-treated one. However, the strength-ductility balance was much better in the T4-treated specimen than the T6-treated one. The tensile properties of the Al sheets fabricated in the present study were compared with those in a previous study.

수인성 질산 노출에 대한 향어의 독성 영향을 확인하기 위해 96시간 동안 0, 4, 20, 100, 500 및 2,500 mg NO3 -/L의 수인성 질산에 노출을 실시하였다. 질산 96시간 급성 노출에 의한 향 어의 반수치사농도(LC50)는 1,433.54 mg NO3 -/L로 나타났다. 혈액학적 성상을 통해 수인성 질 산 노출이 향어에게 미치는 생리학적 변화를 평가하였으며, RBC count는 유의적인 감소를 나 타내었다(p < 0.05). 혈장 무기성분을 통해 수인성 질산 노출에 따른 향어의 이온 조절 능력 변화를 평가하였으며, 혈장 무기성분에서 calcium과 magnesium은 유의적으로 감소하였다(p < 0.05). 혈장 유기성분을 통해 수인성 질산 노출로 인한 향어의 건강도와 스트레스 상태를 평 가하였으며, 혈장 유기성분인 glucose는 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다(p < 0.05). 혈장 효소성분 을 통해 수인성 질산 노출로 인한 간 손상도 및 효소 활성의 변화를 평가하였으며, 혈장 효소 성분인 AST, ALT 및 ALP는 높은 수준의 수인성 질산 노출에서 유의적으로 감소하였다(p < 0.05). 본 연구의 결과는 C. carpio nudus에 대한 수인성 질산 노출이 생존율, 혈액학적 성상 및 혈장성분에 독성으로 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 의미한다.

플라스틱은 전세계적으로 사용량이 증가함에 따라 해양 환경으로 유입되는 플라스틱 쓰레기의 양도 꾸준히 증가하고 있으며, 미세플라스틱은 해양 생물에 의해 섭취되어 소화관에 축적됨에 따라 성장과 생식에 유해한 영향을 미친다. Cytochrome P450 (CYP)는 환경 오염물질을 대사하 는 해독효소로 알려져 있으나 지각류에서는 그 기능에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연 구에서는 기수산 물벼룩 Diaphanosoma celebensis에서 clan 2, 3, 4에 각각 속하는 CYP 유전자 9종(clan 2: CYP370A4, CYP370C5; clan 3: CYP350A1, CYP350C5, CYP361A1; clan 4: CYP4AN-like, CYP4AP2, CYP4AP3, CYP4C33-like1)의 서열에 대해 진화적으로 보존된 서열의 유사도를 분석 하고 계통분석을 실시하였다. 또한 3종류의 서로 다른 크기의 polystyrene beads (0.05-, 0.5-, 6-μm PS beads; 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L)에 48시간 노출된 기수산 물벼룩에서 이들 9종의 CYP 유 전자의 발현을 real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)로 분석하였 다. 결과적으로 기수산 물벼룩 CYP 유전자는 모두 진화적으로 보존된 motif를 가지고 있으며 계통분석 결과 각각 clan 2, 3, 4에 속하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 기능적으로 보존되어 있음 을 의미한다. CYP 유전자 중 clan 2에 속하는 CYP370C5와 clan 3에 속하는 CYP360A1, 그리고 clan 4에서는 CYP4C122 유전자의 발현이 0.05-μm PS beads에 노출되었을 때 유의하게 증가 하는 양상을 보였으며, 이는 이들 유전자가 PS 대사에 관여한다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구는 미세플라스틱이 해양 무척추 동물에 미치는 생물 영향을 분자적 수준에서 이해하는데 도움이 될 것이다.

Changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-roll-bonded AA6061/AA5052/AA1050 threelayered sheet with increasing annealing temperature were investigated in detail. The commercial AA6061, AA5052 and AA1050 sheets with 2 mm thickness were roll-bonded by multi-pass rolling at ambient temperature. The roll-bonded Al sheets were then annealed for 1 h at various temperatures from 200 to 400 °C. The specimens annealed up to 250 °C showed a typical deformation structure where the grains are elongated in the rolling direction in all regions. However, after annealing at 300 °C, while AA6061 and AA1050 regions still retained the deformation structure, but AA5052 region changed into complete recrystallization. For all the annealed materials, the fraction of high angle grain boundaries was lower than that of low angle grain boundaries. In addition, while the rolling texture of the {110}<112> and {123}<634> components strongly developed in the AA6061 and AA1050 regions, in the AA5052 region the recrystallization texture of the {100}<001> component developed. After annealing at 350 °C the recrystallization texture developed in all regions. The as-rolled material exhibited a relatively high tensile strength of 282 MPa and elongation of 18 %. However, the tensile strength decreased and the elongation increased gradually with the increase in annealing temperature. The changes in mechanical properties with increasing annealing temperature were compared with those of other three-layered Al sheets fabricated in previous studies.

This study aims to analyze the variations in online clothing purchasing patterns based on demographic attributes and purchasing behavior. The survey subjects comprised individuals in their 10s to 50s who had prior experience with online shopping. The survey was conducted in Gyungnam from May to June 2022. A total of 397 questionnaires were analyzed using the χ2-test statistical method. The analysis of clothing purchase type based on demographic characteristics revealed differences in terms of gender, marital status, age, monthly income, and occupation. Notably, when analyzed by demographic characteristics and clothing purchase types, monthly online purchase frequency displayed significant differences in marital status, age, and occupation. Similarly, monthly purchase amounts through online platforms exhibited significant variations based on marital status, age, monthly income, and occupation. The online fashion platforms, when examined in relation to demographic characteristics and purchase types, showed significant differences across all variables. Clothing purchases by consumers seeking individuality and differentiation exhibited significant differences in age, occupation, and purchase types. Furthermore, the reasons for choosing online platforms for clothing purchases varied significantly based on age and occupation. These findings indicate diverse purchasing behaviors on online platforms influenced by demographic characteristics. These findings can be valuable for effectively segmenting the online fashion market.

Root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, inflicts significant greenhouse crop damage, causing over 40% economic losses. While chemical agents effectively control RKN, they leave harmful residue in soil and crops. To address this issue, we investigated soil-derived entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) in this study. We assessed the nematicidal impact of ten EPF species through in vivo and in vitro tests. Beauveria bassiana JEF-503 exhibited nematicidal effectiveness exceeding 65% in both experimental settings. In a semi-field test using greenhouse pots, we experimented with the application of B. bassiana JEF-503 suspension during tomato growth, which is an uncommon practice in comparison to chemical treatments due to residue concerns. B. bassiana JEF-503 was applied during transplantation, and the same application was repeated four weeks later. JEF-503 One-time and abamectin treatments were used as control groups. The JEF-503 two-time application notably reduced root damage compared to single JEF-503 or abamectin treatment. In conclusion, JEF-503 offers a promising, residue-free, and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical agents for RKN management.

In Korea, the Asian honey bee (Apis cerana) and the European honey bee (Apis mellifera) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) are the two most common honey bee species. These two closely related species are known to have different sensitivity levels to various insecticides due to millennia of exposure to different pests and pesticides. It is reported that A. cerana is known to be more sensitive to several insecticides, such as amitraz, fenitrothion, and fipronil, than A. melllifera. Multiple studies investigated toxicological responses and related CYPome in A. mellifera, but little is known in A. cerana. The goal of this study is to elucidate the underlying mechanism of different toxicological responses between two bee species, with an emphasis on cytochrome P450 (P450), a significant enzyme involved in metabolic activities. The differences in basal P450 expression patterns were investigated by comparing the relative expression levels of P450 orthologs in several dissected organisms of each species. To compare the sensitivity against major insecticides, lethal doses of major insecticides relevant to both honey bee species were assessed by topical and oral ingestion bioassays. The determined sublethal doses of insecticides were applied to honey bees, and the inducibility of P450s was investigated by comparing the expression patterns of multiple P450s. From these results, this study eventually attempts to compare the toxicological differences between two Apis species with differences in induced cytochrome P450 expression levels.

The Varroa mite, Varroa destructor, a parasitic mite that afflicts honey bees, has become increasingly resistant to acaricides like fluvalinate due to its widespread use. The target site insensitivity mechanism, mediated by the L925V/M/I mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel, plays a major role in resistance. Additionally, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (Cyp450s) appear to function as a metabolic resistance factor; however, no Cyp450-mediated resistance mechanism has been reported to date. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize Cyp450s associated with fluvalinate resistance. A synergistic bioassay confirmed the involvement of Cyp450s in conferring tolerance or resistance to fluvalinate. Correlation analysis between mortality data and the expression levels of Cyp450 genes led to the identification of several candidates that may play a crucial role in fluvalinate resistance. Analysis of tissue distribution patterns revealed that these genes were most abundantly expressed in the cuticle and synganglion. This suggests that, despite their relatively low expression level, they may play a critical role in protecting the target site from fluvalinate due to its predominant expression in neuronal tissues. Functional analysis, in conjunction with baculovirus expression, demonstrated that fluvalinate has high inhibition rates against the recombinant candidate Cyp450s, suggestive of their strong interaction with fluvalinate. We discussed the potential utilization of their expression levels as a molecular marker for diagnosing metabolic resistance in field-collected Varroa mites.

이 글은 현재 군산 동국사 대웅전에 소재한 석가삼존상을 원래의 봉안처인 금산사의 역사 속에서 다루는 한편 그 제작을 맡은 조각승들의 관계를 살피는 데 목적이 있다. 석가삼존상은 내부에서 발견된 원문에 따르면 1650년에 제작하여 김제 금산사에 봉안한 것이었다. 이를 위해 불사에 호연태호와 벽암각성이 재차 함께하였고, 당시 금산사에 머무르 며 경내 불사에 적극적이었던 승려들 및 차조각승 관해와 작업한 이력이 있는 조각승들이 여 러 소임으로 참여하였다. 이는 금산사가 17세기 중반까지도 그 위상을 유지하면서 인적교류 의 장으로 활용되었음을 드러낸다. 수조각승 응매의 조형 의도를 가장 많이 반영했을 석가삼존상은 차조각승 관해 및 관해 관련 조각승의 불상과 닮은 조형 요소를 보여준다. 기록에 따르면 응매와 관해는 각기 다른 조각승을 보조하며 수련기를 보냈고, 차조각승 관해는 본 상을 조성하기 전부터 수조각승을 맡아 회감, 초안 등의 승려들과 작업하였다. 즉 석가삼존상은 조각승 응매의 17세기 중반 교류 및 활동을 추정하는 실마리로 중요하다. 한편 불상은 동국사로 이운 전까지 금산사 대장전에 놓여있었다. 석가삼존상은 원 봉안 전각을 알 수 없지만, 금산사 봉안을 위해 제작된 후 언젠가 대장전에 놓였고, 1922년 대장전과 함께 이건 및 1955년경 동국사로의 이운이라는 복잡한 궤적이 확인된다. 석가삼존상을 금산사와 결부하여 살펴보고 불상을 제작한 상위 조각승들의 관계를 밝히 려는 시도는 금산사 석가삼존상과 그 조각승 응매, 관해를 보다 입체적으로 해석하는 데 도 움이 될 것이다.

1,2-Dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCB) is in various industries as solvents in herbicides, pesticides, and wax, and as degreasers or in the production of dyes. Studies on the hazards and risks of 1,2-DCB showed that this substance can cause skin corrosion, skin irritability, respiratory irritability, and certain target organ toxicity. Industrial workers are exposed to 1,2-DCB by inhalation or skin exposure and there is a lack of information on human hazards even though they can be exposed to organic compounds such as benzene or other DCB complexes rather than a single substance. In this study, we investigated the specific organ toxicity of 1,2- DCB and sex differences using whole-body inhalation in laboratory mice. Male and female mice were exposed to 0–120 ppm of the test substance for 13 weeks. After euthanization, the organs were collected, histopathological assessments and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed, and lipid peroxidation was analyzed. Macro and microscopic lesions were observed in the livers of male mice exposed to the test substance, and microscopic alterations were observed in the nasal cavities of male and female mice. IHC analysis of the liver confirmed a greater increase in cytochrome P450 induction in males than in female mice, and malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal were increased in both sexes by 1,2-DCB inhalation. Based on the relevant literature and experimental results, 1,2-DCB is believed to cause specific organ toxicity in the livers of male mice and the nasal cavities of both sexes of mice, which is supposed to be related to sex differences in cytochrome P450 induction and changes in lipid and oxidative products associated with the early metabolites of the test substance.

As the capacity of renewable power generation facilities rapidly increases, the variability of electric power system and gas turbine power generation is also increasing. Therefore, problems may occur that require urgent repair while the gas turbine rotor is stopped. When the gas turbine rotor turning is stopped and then restarted, if the turning period is not appropriate, severe vibration may occur due to rotor bending. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that normal operation is possible when the gap data measured at the start of rotor turning after maintenance work is similar to the existing value. And the vibration value at the start of rotor turning was lower as the rotor temperature was lower or the stop period was shorter.

Hong miju. (2023). “Phonological Variation in Messenger Conversations-Conversations of Female Speakers in Seoul 30-50s, Korea, in Their 30-50s”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea, 31(2), 125-155. This study aimed to identify the phonological variation in the messenger conversations of female speakers in their 30-50s. In addition, we compared the phonological variation of speakers in their teens and twenties. To this end, we divided phonological variation into replacement, addition, elision, and contraction in the National Institute of the Korean Language messenger corpus and presented the degree of realization using quantitative methods. As a result, we found that replacements accounted for a significant proportion of phonological changes in messenger conversations of people in their 30s and 50s, with a large proportion of vowel replacements and a variety of types. Among the vowel replacements, the degree of vowel rising and labialization was high. In addition to the phonological variants in Messenger conversations reflecting spoken pronunciation, we also observed a number of variants that are not realized in spoken language. In terms of age, the types of vowel replacement, consonant replacement, vowel addition, and consonant addition were more varied in the conversations of 30-50 year olds, while the variation of replacing a plain vowel with a labialized vowel was more active in the conversations of 10-20 year olds.

The purpose of this study is to classify the body types of obese men in their 50–60s and compare them with those of obese middle-aged men in their 30–40s. The 3D anthropometric data of obese men aged 50 to 60 years from the 6th Size Korea. The data are analyzed using SPSS 25.0 for Windows, and descriptive statistics, χ2 test, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis are used to classify obese body types. As a result of the study, five factors are extracted to determine body types, which are classified into three obese body types through cluster analysis. 1) a large physique and consequently large circumference and height; 2) A short upper body length, short height, and thick belly; 3) the lowest rate of obesity and relatively flat abdominal curve. For the 30–40s group, Type1 showed the highest rate at 55.6%, whereas for the 50s group, Type3 showed the highest rate at 49.3%, and for 60s group, Type2 showed the highest rate at 41.2%. The classification accuracy of the discriminant function for each type is 94.7%, indicating relatively high accuracy. Furthemore, the recently changed obese body type are analyzed by comparing it with the 3D anthropometric data of 8th Size Korea, which will contribute to the utilization of basic data for manufacturing apparel for obese men.