PURPOSES : This study analyzed the regional dew possibility in road sign using meteorological data. METHODS : Four years of meteorological data such as temperature, humidity, dew point, wind velocity were collected and analyzed. As a result of literature review, dew was frequent in large diurnal range, high humidity and weak wind. So, dew possibility was analyzed by (temperature-dew point ≤1℃ and wind velocity ≤ 1.5m/s). RESULTS : The possibility was analyzed for each meteorological observation point and the point of Suncheon and Bonghwa were selected as the most likely points of dew in road sign. The area of East Coast, Kyungbuk and Kyungnam were relatively low potential. CONCLUSIONS : Alternative with high effect of preventing dew should be selected in high possibility dew area despite of low economics.

Heat is generated from decomposition of wastes as a result of chemical and biological processes in aerated landfills. The purpose of this study was to assess temperature and predict its variations in an aerated landfill. In the phase of aeration, temperature was increased slightly from 30 to 34oC until 65 days and then increased significantly from 34 to 74oC by termination of aeration. It indicates that the amount of oxygen supplied in the starting phase of aeration was insufficient to decompose organic carbon because oxygen supplied in the landfill was only consumed for methane oxidation. Additionally, to minimize the risk of self-ignition, drying and process inhibition, aerated landfills should be operated in a temperature range of 54 ~ 66oC through cooling by water addition and terminating or excessive oxygen supply. In this study, a stoichiometric modeling approach considering methane oxidation and decomposition of organic carbon has been suggested for predicting temperature variations in aerated landfills. As a result, the predicted temperature variations obtained the stoichiometric modeling led to similar results compared with measured temperature in aerated landfill. Therefore, it showed that the stoichiometric approach was appropriate for predicting temperature variation in aerated landfills. In addition, heat generation rates for methane oxidation and decomposition of organic carbon were 89.5 and 387.8 MJ/m3·yr, respectively.

In this study, the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) pre-treatment for sewage sludge prior to anaerobic digestion wasassessed using a batch test with an objective to decrease nitrogen, dissolved sulfide and siloxane in sewage sludge. Atotal of 6 sets of experiments (Blank, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100g H2O2/kg wet sludge) were carried out, each with duplicates.To assess the effect of different dosages of H2O2 on anaerobic digestion, the treated sewage sludge was used for biochemical methane potential (BMP) test and SCODcr concentration. Due to the H2O2 pre-treatment, solubilization of SCODcr in pretreated sludge increased by 89% compared to raw sewage sludge, whereas T-N and NH3-N concentrationdecreased. Cumulative methane yields were increased for all pretreated samples due to increased sludge solubilizationthrough H2O2 pre-treatment. In addition, dissolved siloxane concnetrations were decreased for all pretreated samples. Thus,a reduction in dissolved siloxane concenrtation can decrease the siloxane generation potential of sludge during anaerobicdigestion. However, dissolved sulfide concentration remained same. Although H2O2 dosage did not show any furtherimpact on dissolved sulfide, they have significantly decreased T-N, NH3-N and dissolve siloxane concentrations beforeanaerobic digestion.

2011년말 기준으로 공공하수처리시설은 505개소로 2001년 184개소, 2010년 470개소 등 지속적으로 증가하고 있으며, 이에 따라 하수처리시설에서 발생하는 슬러지량도 증가하고 있다. 슬러지를 처리하는 방안으로 고화, 매립, 해양배출, 혐기성 소화 등의 방법이 있으나, 고화 및 매립은 2차 환경오염에 대한 우려가 있고 해양배출은 2012년부터 전면 금지되었다. 이에 환경부에서는 공공하수처리시설에 설치된 혐기성 소화조의 효율 개선사업을 통해 소화효율을 향상시켜 메탄의 생산량 증대와 슬러지 감량화를 도모하고 있다. 슬러지의 감량화 및 바이오가스 발생량의 증대를 위해 혐기성 소화 전에 슬러지를 전처리시키는 다양한 기술 개발이 이루어지고 있다. 혐기성 소화 공정은 가수분해, 산 생선, 초산생성 및 메탄생성 단계로 구분될 수 있으며, 이 중 가수분해 단계는 율속단계로서 전체 혐기성 소화공정의 효율 및 속도를 조정하기 때문에 가수분해 단계가 쉽게 이루어지기 위해 가용화라는 슬러지의 전처리를 수행하는 것이다. 전처리 공정의 방법으로는 열적처리, 화학적 산화, 기계적 처리, 생물학적 처리 등이 있다. 이 중 생물학적 처리 공정은 고온 호기성 박테리아를 배양시킨 후 소화조에 주입하여 슬러지의 혐기성 소화효율을 향상시키는 방법과 소량의 산소를 주입하지만 일정한 혐기 조건과 낮은 환원 조건을 유지하면서 미생물의 성장과 효소 합성 및 활성을 유발시켜 슬러지의 가용화 및 소화효율을 향상시키는 방법이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 공기의 주입을 통한 생물학적 전처리 방법이 슬러지 내에 존재하는 유기물뿐만 아니라 질소와 실록산 등의 거동에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 공기 주입을 통한 생물학적 전처리 방법이 혐기성 소화효율 향상과 반류수질, 바이오가스 정제시설 중 실록산 제거시설 등에 미치는 오염부하의 저감 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 실험결과, ORP는 공기 주입기간이 길어질수록 약간씩 증가하였으나 -247 ~ -268 mV의 환원조건을 나타내었으며, DO는 0.00 ~ 0.22 mg/L로 나타났다. 따라서 슬러지 전처리를 위해 공기를 주입하여도 소화조 내의 혐기성 조건에 미치는 영향은 미미할 것으로 판단된다. SCODcr의 경우에는 공기를 주입에 따라 SCODcr의 농도가 증가하여 공기주입에 의한 가용화 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 총 질소와 암모니아성 질소의 경우 공기주입기간이 길어질수록 농도가 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이는 DO 농도가 1 mg/L 이하의 조건을 유지하고 있어 공기주입에 의한 동시 질산화 및 탈질 현상이 발생한 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 공기주입에 의한 전처리 방법이 슬러지 내 질소의 부하를 감소시켜 암모니아성 질소로 인한 혐기성 소화의 저해 가능성과 혐기성 소화 후 반류수 및 방류수에 영향을 미치는 질소 부하를 저감시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 실록산의 경우 공기주입 기간 증가에 따라 공기를 주입하지 않은 슬러지 내의 실록산 농도가 6.06 mg/kg에서 공기주입 4일째에는 3.43 mg/kg으로 감소하여, 공기주입 전처리 방법을 통해 바이오가스 정제 시설 중 실록산 처리 공정에 미치는 실록산 부하를 저감시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

In this study, anaerobic co-digestion experiments for mixtures consisting of sewage sludge with food wastewater and livestock wastewater were conducted to assess the methane yields, the volatile solids (VS) removal rates and the dynamic kinetics. An augmented simplex centroid design (ASCD) was employed to design the mixing rate of organic wastes for the anaerobic co-digestion. Also, synergistic effects on the anaerobic co-digestion were studied using models obtained by the ASCD. As a result, synergistic effects were not observed in terms of methane yield and VS removal rate. It was just showed that there was a linear relationship between the cumulative methane yield and the mixing rate of food wastewater. The results might be attributable that the sewage sludge and the livestock wastewater had very lower C/N ratio compared with food wastewater that had a C/N ratio within a range required for a correctly operating anaerobic co-digestion. Therefore, increasing mixing rates of food wastewater increased the methane yield and VS removal rate, but there was not a synergistic effect by the anaerobic co-digestion.

In this study, optimization of anaerobic co-digestion for food and livestock wastes was studied by an experimental design method. A central composite design (CCD) was applied in designing experiments. Selected two independent variables for this study were initial substrate concentration and mixing rate of livestock wastes. The ranges of experiment for initial substrate concentration and mixing rate of livestock wastes were 2~10 g-VS/L and 0~100%, respectively. Selected responses were methane yield, maximum methane production rate and volatile solids (VS) removal rate. The experimental design was analyzed using a response surface methodology (RSM). Models obtained by the RSM were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). ANOVA demonstrated that the models were highly significant. Optimal conditions obtained for the models were initial substrate concentration of 2.1 g-VS/L and mixing rate of livestock wastes of 48.8%, respectively. The measured values under the optimal conditions were well in agreement with the predicted values from the models. Thus, it showed that the CCD and RSM were appropriate for determination of an optimal mixing condition in the anaerobic co-digestion process for food and livestock wastes.