Studies on the soybean varieties in Korea - Ⅳ. relationships between the seed yields and some characteristics on the several sowing dates
대두품종의 파종기별 수량과 제특성간의 관계, 그리고 파종기별 수량의 품종간의 차이를 알고자 1962년과 1963년의 각 파종기에 대하여 실험한 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 파종기별 수량과 몇가지 생태적 특성과의 상관관계는 Table 1과 같이 대체로 개화일수와 생육일수는 극만파(7월파종)의 경우를 제외하고 수량과 정의 상관을 보이고 그 정도는 조기파종구에 있어서 더욱 높았다. 그리고 개화기간은 수량과 부의 상관의 경향이 보이고 결실일수는 년차나 파종기에 따라서 그 관계가 명료하지 아니 하였다. 2. 파종기별 수량과 몇가지 형태적 특성과의 상관관계는 Table 2와 같이 대체로 분기수 경직경 1주중량, 1주맥수 그리고 1주입수는 수량과 어느 파종기에 있어서도 정의 상관관계를 보이고 경장과 수량 그리고 100 입중과 수량간에는 년차 파종기에 따라서 그 관계가 명료하지 아니하였다. 따라서 수량에 영향하는 특성은 개화일수, 생육일수의 두 생태적 특성과 함께 분기수, 경직경, 1주중량, 1주맥수 그리고 1주입수의 제형태적 특성이라고 할 수 있겠다. 3. 품종수량순위가 파종기에 따라 변동하는 경향을 보면 Table 3과 같이 대체로 공시품종중 울산, 상두, 장단백자, 익산, 함안, 반청두, 안전대입은 어느 파종기에 있엇도 높은 수량을 나타내고 이들은 성숙군이 IV, V, VI에 해당하는 중, 만생종으로 우리나라 중요재래품종들이며 극조생종이나 극만생품종은 수량은 떨어지나 극조생 또는 조생종중에서도 Black Hawk, 충북백 등은 만파의 우연에, 만생종인 동산006 등은 조파의 경우에 높은 수량을 보이는 품종들이었다. 4. 품종별 수량이 파종기에 따라서 변동하는 경향을 보면 Table 4와 같이 대체로 조생종에 있어서는 파종기 연장에 따라 수량 감소의 정도가 낮고 도리어 조파보다 만파의 경우에 좋은 성적을 나타 내었으나 중생종, 만생종일수록 파종기 연장에 의한 수량 감소의 정도가 높았다. 옥면과 같은 극만생종 품종은 조반의 경우라도 상해 등으로 본실험지의 기후조건 하에서는 경제적 재배가 곤란하다고 믿는다. 따라서 조생종에 있어서는 5월 이후의 만파의 경우에, 중, 만생종에 있어서는 4월보다 도리어 5월 파종의 경우에 좋은 성적을 나타내는 경향이 있으나 품종별 파종 최적기 등의 결정문제는 앞으로 해결되어야 할 한 과제가 될 수 있을 것이라 하겠다.
Experiments were carried out to clarify the relationships between seed yields and some ecological characteristics, seed yields and some morphological characteristics, and the relationships among the varietal yields on the several sowing plots when grown under different climatic conditions. Twenty-four soybean varieties were used as the material, selected at random from 138 varieties which were cultivated the year before. These varieties were grown in the Experimental Farm, Chinju Agricultural College, Kyung Sang Namdo, Korea, and seed sowing was conducted at 5 times, from April to July, in 1962 and 1963. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Correlations between seed yields and some ecological characteristics on the sowing date bases are shown in Table 1. Among some ecological characteristics, it was observed that there wert close relationships between seed yields and days to flowering, and between seed yields and the total growing length, except on the late sowing, i.e. July sowing plots, However, there was no clear correlation between seed yields and durations of flowering, and between seed yields and days from flowering to maturity. 2. Correlations between seed yields and some morphological characteristics on the sowing date bases are shown in Table 2. From this table, it was also observed that there were some close relationships between seed yields and branch number for plant, stem diameter, plant weight, pod number per plant, and grain number per plant, but there was no clear relationship between seed yields and stem length, and between seed yields and 100 grain weight, on every sowing plot. 3. Relations between varietal yields and the sowing dates are shown in Table 3. Our leading varieties such as Ulsan, Sangdoo, Changdan Backmok, Iksan, Haman, Barchongdeo, and Anion Daerip, which belong to the maturity groups of IV, V, and VI, have been significantly high in yield at each sowing date plot, but the extreme early varieties, that frequently are damaged by insects, moisture and diseases, and the extreme late varieties, that frequently are caught by frost suffering reduced yield, are showed a lower yield than the others. However, extreme early varieties, for instance, Black Hawk, an American variety, and Chung Buk Baek, a Korean early variety, showed high productivity on the late sowing, June and July sowing plots, and Do san No. 6, which is late Japanese variety, showed a high yield on the extreme early sowing, i.e. April sowing plots. 4. Relations between seed yields and the sowing dates on the varietal bases are shown in Table 4. It was observed that, the early varieties did not differ much in yields at the various sowing dates while the yields of late varieties decreased progressively with subsequent dates. However, the extreme late varieties, such as Tamanishiki, that frequently are caught by frost suffering reduced yield, may be difficult to harvest at this location. The results in these experiments showed that in most cases maximum yields were obtained when leading varieties, which are medium or late varieties, were shown in Mid-May, and progressively lower yields were produced from June and July sowings. On the other hand, the late sowings of the early varieties, such as Black Hawk and Chung Buk Baek, in these experiments showed favorable yields compared with the others. From these results, we can predict that our local medium or late varieties produce higher yields at this location than was produced by early varieties in most of the sowing dates, especially the May sowing, and early varieties such as Black Hawk and Chung Buk Baek should be used in the late sowing, June sowing time.