논문 상세보기
pp.209-216
도전의 분양법은 세역위양이었던 중국의 고대농법에서와 달리, 이미 우리나라는 여말에 상경화하였으며, 두과작물의 녹비이용법과 함께 분전법의 실현에 앞서 분종법이나 분과법이 순차적으로 진전되고 있었다. 이러한 상태에서 15세기에 이르러 직설 의 도전분전법은 재료를 객토류, 초본류, 분류로 확대분화시켰고 초경과 재경 사이에 시비토록 하되 토양조건이 특수한 도전에는 각각 적의한 시비법을 별도를 기술하였다. 또한 묘종법의 도전에서는 분묘처(못자리)와 묘종처(본답)의 시비술로 나누어 전문화시켰고, 개간지에서는 기경작업과 병행시키는 유기물 환원방식이 체계화 되어 있었다. 17세기에 이르러서는 직설보 를 통하여 경상도의 속방을 체계화시켜 조도앙기처의 분양술을 완성시켰다. 여기에서 특기할 것은 분회, 요회 및 퇴비제조술과 사용법이었다. 18-19세기에는 황지회복과 수전이모작 확대를 지원하기 위한 지방보강법으로 시비재료를 최대한 확대하고 저분법과 추비법을 강조하였으며, 시비이론과 함께 작업능률을 높이기 위한 수레 이용이 강조되기도 하였다. 이상으로 보아 도전분양에 있어서는 분원재료상의 제약을 타파하고 추비체계를 확립시켰으며, 저분법과 함께 다비의 필요성에 대한 이론과 인식을 새롭게 하는 방향으로 발전되어 왔다.
Different from 'Seyokwiryang' (歲易爲良 : fallowing as the best method) which was an agricultural technique of ancient China, fertilization of rice fields was already practiced in the end of Koryo age in Korea. 'Bunjongbeob'(糞種法 : fertilizer applicating method on seed) or 'Bunkwabeob' (糞科法 : fertilizer applicating method on each plant) was practiced before green manure of bean crops and 'Bunjeonbeob'(糞田法 : fertilizer practicing method on fields) were done. In the 15th century 'Dojeonbunjeonbeob'(稻田糞田法 : fertilizer applicating method on paddy) in 'Jikseol' was divided the materials to be used into the soil brought from another place, trees, grasses, and the manure. Also, it discribed the fertilization between first plowing and the second, and proper fertilization for particular soil conditions. In case of transplanting techniques, the fertilization practices were specified into nursery and rice fields, and restoration of organic matter was systemized by plowing for cultivation in the reclaimed areas. In the 17th century, through 'Jikseolbo'(直說補), the habitual practice of Kyungsang province was systemized and 'Bunyangsool'(糞壤術 : technique of fertilization) of 'Jodoangkicheo' (早稻秧基處 : rearing fields of early-ripening rice) was completed. Specific things was the manufacturing and utilizing techniques of 'Bunhoe'(糞灰 : mixture of manure and ash), 'Yohoe'(尿灰 : mixture of urine and ash), and additional fertilizers. In the 18 to 19th century, the materials of fertilization were greatly enlarged to recover the waste lands and to support the reinforcement of soil fertility for increasing the system of two cropping a year. Also, 'Jeobunbeob'(貯糞法 : method of manure storage) and additional fertilization were emphasized, and use of wagons for it was emphasized to improve the theory of fertilization and working efficiency. As mentioned above, limitation of fertilizing materials was conquered by 'Dojeonbunyang'(稻田糞壤 : techniques of practicing fertilizers in paddy) and the system of additional fertilization was established. The fertilization methods were improved with 'Jeobunbeob' due to the theory and recognition necessary for high rates of fertilizers.
