The theory of the structure and shape Analysis of Commonly Used Chinese Characters in Korea -Study about 900 Commonly Used Chinese Characters in Middle School Education-
한국상용한자적구형학분석 -이초중교학용기출한자900자위연구대상-
漢字敎育에 漢字構造分析理論은 매우 重要한 要素이다. 許愼의 六書論은 최 초의 漢字構造理論으로, 文字學系에 많은 영향을 끼쳐왔다. 하지만 六書論은 小篆에 맞게 형성된 理論으로, 隸變 이후 급격한 변화를 겪은 隸書나 楷書體와 簡化된 現代漢字 簡體字에 적용하기에는 많은 문제점이 나타 나고 있다. 그러므로 現代로 오면서 漢字를 分析하는 새로운 漢字構造分析理論으로 裘錫圭의 三書說과 蘇培成의 新六書, 王寧의 構形學理論 등이 많은 사람들의 관심을 끌고 있다. 특히 이 중에서 北京師範大學 王寧敎授가 創案해낸 構形學理論은 한자의 部件分解를 基礎로 字形을 분석하는 방법이다. 部件은 특히 다른 漢字를 구성할 때 義符나 音符로 表意나 表音기능을 담당할 수 있으므로, 部件의 음이나 뜻을 알면 그 部件으로 다른 漢字의 의미나 讀音을 유추 할 수 있으므로 漢字의 形音義를 學習하는데 도움이 된다. 2009년 中國 敎育部에서는 現代 常用漢字의 部件 및 部件名稱 規範을 制定 하였다. 이 部件表는 中國의 現代 常用漢字 3500字의 部件을 514개(441조)部件 을 제시하고 있다. 그러므로 本稿에서는 이에 착안하여 王寧의 構形學 理論을 利用하여 韓國의 常用漢字 1800字중 먼저 中學校 基礎敎育用 漢字 900字의 部件을 정리하였다. 構形學 理論에 의거하여 漢字部件을 整理한 結果, 아래와 같은 結果를 얻었다. 直接部件489개, 基礎部件335개 및 5개의 구형모델을 귀납 정리했다. 이러한 결과를 이용하여 이후에도 고등학교용 상용한자도 분석하여, 韓國의 常用漢字 部件을 中國의 常用漢字 部件과 比較 分析할 것이다. 이는 韓國의 常用漢字 選定의 必要性과 選定基準 및 여러 가지 常用漢字 選定過程의 문제점을 살펴봄과 동시에 새로운 漢字敎育理論인 구형학 이론을 이용 하여 한자교육방면에도 많은 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
在汉字教学中,汉字構造分析理论是重要的理论基础。许慎的“六书”理论就是最早的汉字構造理论,在文字学界有很大影响。“六书”理论根据小篆系统归纳总结出来,适合于小篆,但在应用于隶书․楷书以及现代简化字方面出现了一些问题。基于这种情况,现代文字学家提出了很多新理论,代表性的有裘锡圭的三书说․苏培成的新六书․王宁的構形学理论。北师大王宁教授创立的汉字構形学理论是利用部件分解来分析汉字字形的。汉字的部件和基本構造的习得在汉字教学中占有重要位置。部件在構成汉字时以义符․音符来担任表意․表音功能,而知道部件的音和义有助于推断汉字的意义或者读音。 2009年中国教育部制定了常用汉字的部件以及部件名称规范。其中指出中国的现代常用汉字3,500字,部件 514個(441组)。本文根据王宁先生的構形学理论来分析整理韩国常用汉字1800字中的初中常用汉字900字。对900字部件的分析结果如下:直接部件489個,基础部件335個,5個構形模式。利用这個结果可以继续研究高中常用汉字,然后将韩国的常用汉字部件表與中国的常用汉字部件表进行比较,进一步可以了解韩国的常用汉字选定标准以及常用汉字选定过程等问题,而同时可以利用汉字構形学理论来指导汉字教学。
In educating chinese characters, the theory of analysis in Chinese character structures is a very important factor. 'liushulun(六書論)' of XuShen was the first theory for chinese character structures, which has had a great effect on the Graphonomy. However, 'liushulun(六書論)' is the theory according to ‘xiaozhuan(小篆)', which has a number of problems to apply to 'lishu(隸書)' or 'kaishu (楷書)' which went through radical changes after ’libian(隸變)' and modern Chinese character, 'jiantizi(簡體字).' In morden times, therefore, 'sanshushuo(三書說)' of Qiuxigui, 'xinliushu(新六書)' of Supeicheng and ‘the theory of structure and shape’ of Wang Ning have attracted lots of attention from people as a new Chinese character analysis theory that analyzes Chinese characters. Among these, the theory of structure and shape which Wang Ning at beijing nomral University devised, is the way that analyzes the forms of characters based on 'component parts disassemble(部件分解)' in Chinese characters. 'component parts(部件)' has especially been known to have the function as semantic or phonetic representations as part of meaning or sound and thus it would be helpful when people learn shape-phonics-mining(形音義) in Chinese characters because people can conjecture the meaning or the sound of other characters by 'component parts' if people know the meaning or the sound of it. In 2009, the Chinese Ministry of Education established 'component parts' and the norms of appellation of it about commonly used Chinese characters in modern times. This table shows 3500 commonly used Chinese characters in modern times as 514(441 clauses) component parts. Thus, in this manuscript, based on this, among 1800 commonly used Chinese characters in Korea, 900 characters for middle school education are filed by using the theory of structure and shape of Wang Ning. Following results were obtained. 489 direct component parts, 335 basic component parts and 5 structural model are arranged inductively. By making use of these results, commonly used Chinese characters for high school education will be analyzed later and then, component parts in Korea will be compared and analyzed with that in China. It is expected that not only we can see the necessity of selecting basic Chinese characters in Korea, the standards of it and the problems of selecting commonly used Chinese characters in Korea, but also it would be helpful for Chinese character education by using the new theory, The theory of the structure and shape.