조선후기 실학을 집대성한 茶山丁若鏞(1762∼1836)은 利用厚生을 위해 외국 의 선진문화를 수용하자고 했다. 다산은 『技藝論』에서, 利用厚生을 위해 淸나라 의 百工技藝와 新式妙制, 즉 첨단 과학기술문명을 도입하자고 했다. 또한 일본의 ① 國防의 견고함, ② 우수한 造船技術, ③ 館倭의 房櫳(격자창)의 長點을 배우 자고 했다. 다산은 申維翰이, 通信使일행으로 가서 일본의 “器物의 정교함과 여 러 가지 調鍊하는 법”을 관찰하지 않은 것을 비판했다.(跋海槎見聞錄) 다산은 贈序에서, 使臣은 이용후생에 필요한 백공기예를 수입해오는 것이 제2의 책무라 고 했다. 다산은 ① 李基讓과 같이 剝綿攪車를 구입해와 이용후생에 기여한 사신(贈序), ➁ 申緯처럼 개인취미를 위해 怪石을 구입해오는 사신(題載石圖)으로 분류하고, 前者를 높이 평가했다. 淸나라에서 박면교거를 수입해온 李基讓의 공 로는, 목화 씨앗을 수입해와 이용후생에 크게 기여한 文益漸의 공적과 비견할 만 하다고 극찬했다. 다산의 외국 선진문화 수용론은 바로 이용후생을 위한 것으로, 현실주의와 실용주의에서 나온 것이다.

从18世纪后半到19世纪前半，清国作为东亚盟主，是国际标准。茶山的外国先进文化受容论所主张的就是把外国的百工技艺和最尖端的新式妙制引入到国内，贡献给利用厚生之事业。他对朝鲜不学习日新月异的中国的科学技术之举进行了批判。第一，茶山在他的技艺论中极力主张引入中国的新式妙制，即把中国最尖端科学技术引入进来，为利用厚生事业作贡献。他想起礼部尚书苏东坡反对高丽使臣购书之事例，担心假如再有如同苏东坡式的人的话，引入百工技艺之事是不太可能的。第二，茶山的日本文化受容论也是为利用厚生之事业的。中国和朝鲜和日本是“不能相忘，不能相捨”的关系。茶山编写了有关日本情报的倭情考。茶山在申维翰的海槎見聞錄跋文中写道，作为使臣到国外应该观察＂器物的精工细作和调练法＂，但是海槎見聞錄里找不到这样的内容而感到遗憾。茶山认为日本是： ① 国防坚固。② 日本先进的造船技术。③ 应该学习馆倭房栊的整洁、亮堂、暖和之优点。第三，茶山认为使臣职责应该是：① 除了处理好两国间的悬案，处理好两国间的友好关系等本务以外，② 收集外国情报，输进先进文化，为利用厚生服务。他把历代使臣分为两类。第一类是像李基让式的购进剥棉搅车，以贡献给利用厚生事业的使臣；另一类是如同申纬式的只顾个人爱好购入怪石的使臣。茶山对前者予以高度评价。他对完成第二职责的李基让购入剥棉搅车之功劳并不次于文益渐购入木棉种子之功劳，对此高度赞叹。茶山的外国先进文化受容论是为了利用厚生，是渊于他的现实主义和实用主义。

Dasan(茶山) Jung, Yak-Yong(丁若鏞, 1762∼1836) who compiled the Practical Thought in the latter period of Chosun dynasty had asserted the acceptance of foreign advanced culture for the people's utilization and welfare. He, in Giyeron, asserted that Chosun should introduce the hi-tech culture of Chung dynasty for people's utilization and welfare including all the technical skill and new institutional systems. And he asserted that we should learn the merits of Japan, as it were ① the strengthening of the national defence ② the excellent shipbuilding technology ③ the lattice window of the official residences. Dasan criticized that Shin, Yu-Han(申維翰) who had dropped in Japan as a communication man hadn't surveyed on “the elaborateness of their industry and various training exercises"in Valhaesagyunmunrok(跋海槎見聞錄). He, in prefaces for declaration, asserted that the import of divers hi-tech industry is the second obligation of the ambassador. Dasan who had classified the ambassador into two kinds as like ① the style of Yi, Ki-Yang(李基讓) had contributed to the people's welfare by introducing their thrashing fan machine for raw cotton, ➁ the style of Shin, Wi(申緯) had purchased oddly shaped stones for individual taste judged the latter more highly. He won the highest praise on Yi, Ki-Yang that his achievement could be stood beside Moon, Yik-Jum(文益漸) who had contributed a lot to the people's welfare by importing the cottonseed first. Dasan's assertion for the acceptance of foreign advanced culture had aimed just to the people's easy utilization and welfare had been derived from his realism and practicalism.

Ⅰ. 序言
Ⅱ. 中國先進文化受容
Ⅲ. 日本의 先進文化受容
Ⅳ. 使臣의 제2 責務
Ⅴ. 結語

• 金相洪(단국대학교 석좌교수) | 김상홍