Many school buildings are not applied seismic code because of small size structures. But it must be designed to show enough structural performance when subject to earthquake. Especially, most of school buildings are generally used as public shelters when the natural disasters such as flood and earthquake occur. In this study, the seismic risk of the reinforced concrete school building structure was evaluated by using the seismic performance evaluation methods of low-story RC structures developed in Japan and the required seismic performance index. In this paper, the seismic performance of the school building is evaluated by considering this short-column effects, building shape and deterioration.