Analysis of Teacher's Manuals for Music Textbooks (Grades 3 to 6) and Suggestions for Improvements Based on the Music Teaching/Learning Spectrum
교과교육에 있어 교사용 지도서의 역할은 중요하다. 음악교육에 있어서도 교사용 지도서의 역할은 매우 중요한데, 특히 초등학교 음악과 교사용 지도서는 현장의 교사들이 일차적으로 활용하게 되는 교수․학습 자료로 그 영향력은 매우 크다 하겠다. 본 연구에서는 M. Mosston의 스펙트럼 아이디어를 적용하여 음악 교수․학습 방법의 통합적 모델로 개발된 음악 교수․학습 스펙트럼에 기초하여 초등학교 3-6학년 음악과 교사용 지도서의 교수․학습 방법이 분석되었다. 음악 교수․학습 스펙트럼은 완전한 교사 중심의 스타일에서부터 완전한 학습자 중심의 스타일에 이르기까지 그 사이에는 하나의 스펙트럼처럼 10가지 교수 스타일이 연속성을 이루고 있다. 음악 교수․학습 스펙트럼에 기초하여 지도서 내용을 분석한 결과, 문제점으로는 1) 지도서의 수업 예시가 1-2가지의 교수 스타일에 집중된 것, 2) 지도서의 수업 예시가 교사 중심의 교수 스타일에 집중된 것, 3) 지도서 집필의 의도가 충분히 전달되지 못한 것, 4) 개인차가 고려된 수준별, 흥미별 음악 활동이나 창의성 계발을 위한 발견형 음악 수업이 부족한 것 등이 제기되었다. 이러한 문제점의 개선 방안으로는 1) 제재곡 중심의 음악수업에서 다양한 음악수업으로의 변화, 2) 다양한 수업의 흐름 예시, 3) 교수 스타일의 선택적 예시, 4) 발견학습 수업에 관한 체계적 연구, 5) 언어적․활동적 서술의 상세화가 제안되었다.
A school curriculum should clearly present the goals and the content of education. Textbooks are one of the best organized teaching/learning materials, and a teacher's manual should be a model for directed teaching/learning methods so that teachers can effectively teach the contents of a curriculum. Therefore, the role of the teacher's manual is important in all school subjects, and the teaching/learning materials and methods presented in the teacher's manual should be required as a basis for adequate explanation, concrete activities, proper selective activities, and references. Such a methodology maximizes the characteristics of each school subject and attains the goals of education. To develop a specific subject education, it is essential to analyze and study the school curriculum, textbooks, and teacher's manuals. Although these studies can be performed using a variety of methods, research regarding problems and suggestions helps to develop and improve the curriculum, the textbooks, and the teacher's manuals, regardless of the method used. The purpose of this study was to investigate the teaching/learning methods presented in teacher's manuals for music textbooks in grades 3 to 6. Analysis of problems presented in the teacher's manuals was performed, and suggestions are provided for improvement of the manuals, and for eventual development of music teaching/learning methods. This analysis of teacher's manuals for music textbooks was performed using the music teaching/learning spectrum, which is based on M. Mosston's Spectrum showing a continuity of teaching styles for teaching/learning methods as a unifying model. Results from a content analysis of teacher's manuals based on the music teaching/learning spectrum indicated the following problems: 1) The contents of teacher's manuals are concentrated on only 1 to 2 teaching styles, 2) The contents of teacher's manuals are concentrated on teacher-oriented teaching styles, 3) The written intention contained within the teacher's manuals are not sufficiently communicated, and 4) The music activities are insufficient for consideration of individual differences between students and for teaching styles to develop creativity in students. Suggestions for improvement of the problems are 1) To change from a subject music-oriented learning to various other music learning modes, 2) To provide various examples for the flow of a class, 3) To provide various examples of selective teaching styles, 4) To require systemic studies for discovery learning types, and 5) To provide appropriate linguistic expressions for teacher's manuals.